CN110226455B - Method for cultivating straw mushroom by using pure eucalyptus bark as main material - Google Patents
Method for cultivating straw mushroom by using pure eucalyptus bark as main material Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating straw mushroom by taking pure eucalyptus bark as a main material, wherein a cultivation material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: rice bran: the corn flour is 27-32: 2-6: 1, performing secondary fermentation on the cultivation material to cultivate straw mushrooms. According to the method for cultivating the straw mushrooms by using the pure eucalyptus barks as the main material, the eucalyptus barks are used as the main raw materials, so that the raw materials for cultivating the straw mushrooms are enriched, the comprehensive utilization rate of eucalyptus resources is improved, the production cost of the straw mushrooms is reduced, the quality and the biological efficiency of the straw mushrooms are improved, and the hazards of mites and mixed bacteria are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating straw mushroom by taking pure eucalyptus bark as a main material.
Background
Volvaria volvacea (vollarella volvacea) is a high-temperature edible fungus and is widely cultivated in southern areas of China. Straw mushroom belongs to straw rotting fungi, hypha is mainly used for decomposing cellulose and hemicellulose in raw materials to enable the straw mushroom to become nutrition capable of being absorbed and utilized, and the traditional straw mushroom raw materials are waste cotton and cotton seed hulls. However, with the rapid increase of the prices of the cotton seed hulls and the waste cotton raw materials, people begin to use other materials to replace or partially replace the cotton seed hulls or the waste cotton to cultivate straw mushrooms. For example, CN103524248A, a method for preparing a straw mushroom cultivation material by using water bamboo sheathing leaves, which takes the water bamboo sheathing leaves as a main raw material and is supplemented with cotton seed hulls, cow dung, lime, gypsum powder and other auxiliary materials, the method stacks and ferments the water bamboo sheathing leaves, so that macromolecular substances are decomposed into substances which are beneficial to absorption of hyphae, the growth of the hyphae is promoted, meanwhile, the air permeability and the water retention property are strong, the straw mushroom fruiting is tidy, the yield is high, and the biological efficiency reaches 26.74% -30.4%. CN103420734A, a straw mushroom cultivation material compatibility and a preparation method of the cultivation material, the broad bean peel is used as a main raw material, and auxiliary materials such as fungus residue, cow dung, humus, gypsum powder, lime powder and the like are used as auxiliary materials, the broad bean peel is subjected to microbial fermentation, hypha takes in materials quickly, the growth is vigorous, the straw mushroom yield is high, and the biological efficiency reaches 35.2% -38.1%; there are also straw mushroom cultivation materials using eucalyptus waste, such as CN106069196A, a straw mushroom cultivation material, which uses eucalyptus waste, wheat straw and silkworm excrement as main raw materials, and chicken manure, peanut bran and other auxiliary materials as auxiliary materials for cultivating straw mushroom, but the auxiliary materials use too much organic matter and waste materials, which are easy to breed plant diseases and insect pests, such as: mites.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating straw mushrooms by taking pure eucalyptus barks as main materials, which enriches the raw materials for cultivating straw mushrooms, improves the comprehensive utilization rate of eucalyptus resources, reduces the production cost of straw mushrooms, improves the quality and biological efficiency of straw mushrooms and reduces the damage of mites and mixed bacteria by taking the eucalyptus barks as the main raw materials.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a straw mushroom cultivation material mainly comprising pure eucalyptus bark is composed of eucalyptus bark, rice bran and corn flour in a mass ratio, wherein the weight ratio of the eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 27-32: 2-6: 1.
preferably, the eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 29: 4: 1.
the invention also provides a method for cultivating straw mushrooms by using the straw mushroom cultivation material mainly containing the pure eucalyptus barks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, and crushing the eucalyptus bark into fine strips of the eucalyptus bark with the length of 0.2cm-0.3cm and the diameter of 0.1cm-0.5cm for later use; adding water with the mass of 18-25 times of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.1-0.3%, adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 8.5-9.0, and performing heap fermentation for 2-3 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 60-65% again, adjusting the pH to 8.5-9.0, piling and continuing to ferment for 3-4d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 70% -75%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 8.5-9.0, transferring to a fruiting room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer is 10-15 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 60-65 deg.C, maintaining for 4-8h, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening door and window;
(4) inoculation: when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 35-38 ℃, breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation is finished;
(5) management: the temperature of the fruiting room is kept at 28-35 ℃, the air humidity is 90-95%, and the light is 300 and 350 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: when the fruiting body of straw mushroom is egg-shaped and the mycoderm is not broken, harvesting in time.
Preferably, the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 3.4 multiplied by 1010CUF/g-5.6×1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 7.3 multiplied by 109CUF/g-9.1×109CUF/g。
Preferably, the activation method of the bacillus subtilis comprises the following steps: inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into an activation medium I under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 16h at 35 ℃; the activation medium I comprises the following components: 7g of yeast extract, 15g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 16g of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, 2g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of ammonium sulfate and 10ml of sterile water, wherein the initial pH is 7.4;
the activation method of the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps: inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus strain into an activated culture medium II under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 12h at 35 ℃; the components of the activation medium II are as follows: 10g of beef extract, 15g of peptone, 18g of ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 1g of manganese sulfate, 2g of sodium chloride and 15ml of sterile water, and the initial pH is 7.1.
The invention also provides the application of the straw mushroom cultivation material mainly prepared from the pure eucalyptus bark or the method for cultivating the straw mushroom in reducing the damage of mites and mixed bacteria in the straw mushroom cultivation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the raw material for cultivating the straw mushroom is mainly eucalyptus bark, so that eucalyptus bark resources are easy to obtain, the cost for cultivating the straw mushroom can be greatly reduced, and straw mushroom cultivators can obtain better economic benefit; meanwhile, the eucalyptus bark contains ingredients such as eucalyptus oil, so that the eucalyptus bark has a certain antibacterial property, and the volatile smell of the eucalyptus bark can also play a role in expelling insects; however, ingredients such as eucalyptus oil also inhibit the growth of hyphae, which affects the yield of edible fungi. Through the research of the inventor throughout the year, in the straw mushroom cultivation, if the cultivation material with high eucalyptus bark content is fermented twice and activated microbial agent is used in the fermentation process, ingredients such as eucalyptus oil and the like can be effectively degraded; the rice bran in the raw materials can ensure that the fermentation material has good permeability, and provides a relatively friendly environment for the growth of hypha; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the eucalyptus bark is high, fermentation is not facilitated, the growth of mycelia is facilitated, the nitrogen content of the cultivation material can be increased by adding the corn flour, the overall carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced, the requirement of straw mushroom mycelia on nitrogen nutrition is favorably met, and the yield of straw mushrooms is guaranteed.
(2) In the process of cultivating the straw mushrooms, the microbial inoculum is activated bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and can promote macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and the like in eucalyptus barks to be degraded into monosaccharide and amino acid which can be directly absorbed and utilized by the straw mushrooms, so that the biological efficiency is improved.
(3) The cultivation material is further decomposed through twice fermentation, and harmful substances are volatilized to avoid influencing the growth of hyphae; the second fermentation is carried out in the mushroom growing room, and the volatilized gas is matched with the high temperature in the fermentation process to kill the mixed bacteria and pests, especially mites, in the culture material and the mushroom growing room, so that the damage of the mites to the straw mushrooms is avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope of the examples. The activation method of bacillus subtilis described in the following examples is: inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into an activation medium I under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 16h at 35 ℃; the activation medium I comprises the following components: 7g of yeast extract, 15g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 16g of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, 2g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of ammonium sulfate and 10ml of sterile water, wherein the initial pH is 7.4;
the activation method of the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps: inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus strain into an activated culture medium II under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 12h at 35 ℃; the components of the activation medium II are as follows: 10g of beef extract, 15g of peptone, 18g of ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 1g of manganese sulfate, 2g of sodium chloride and 15ml of sterile water, and the initial pH is 7.1.
Example 1
A method for cultivating straw mushrooms by using straw mushroom cultivation material mainly containing pure eucalyptus barks comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, namely eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 27: 2: 1, crushing eucalyptus bark into fine strips with the length of 0.2cm and the diameter of 0.1cm for later use; adding water with the mass being 18 times that of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.1%, simultaneously adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 8.5, and performing heap fermentation for 2 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 60% again, adjusting the pH to 8.5, building a pile, and continuing to ferment for 3d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 70%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 8.5, transferring to a mushroom-growing room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 10 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 60 deg.C, maintaining for 4 hr, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening the door and window;
(4) inoculation: when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 35 ℃, breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation is finished;
(5) management: the temperature of the fruiting room is kept at 28 ℃, the air humidity is 90 percent, and the light is 300 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the fruiting body of the straw mushroom is in an egg shape and the mycoderm is not broken in time;
wherein the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 3.4 multiplied by 1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 7.3 multiplied by 109CUF/g。
Example 2
A method for cultivating straw mushrooms by using straw mushroom cultivation material mainly containing pure eucalyptus barks comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, namely eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 32: 6: 1, crushing eucalyptus bark into fine strips with the length of 0.3cm and the diameter of 0.5cm for later use; adding water with the mass of 25 times of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.3%, simultaneously adding water to adjust the water content to 65%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 9.0, and performing heap fermentation for 3 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 65% again, adjusting the pH to 9.0, building a pile, and continuing to ferment for 4d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 75%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 9.0, transferring to a mushroom-growing room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer is 15 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 65 deg.C, maintaining for 8 hr, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening the door and window;
(4) inoculation: breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 38 ℃, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation;
(5) management: the fruiting room is kept at 35 ℃, the air humidity is 95%, and the light is 350 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the fruiting body of the straw mushroom is in an egg shape and the mycoderm is not broken in time;
wherein the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 5.6 multiplied by 1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 9.1 multiplied by 109CUF/g。
Example 3
A method for cultivating straw mushrooms by using straw mushroom cultivation material mainly containing pure eucalyptus barks comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, namely eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 29: 4: 1, crushing eucalyptus bark into fine strips with the length of 0.3cm and the diameter of 0.5cm for later use; adding water with the mass of 21 times of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.2%, simultaneously adding water to adjust the water content to 63%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 8.7, and performing heap fermentation for 3 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 63% again, adjusting the pH to 8.7, building a pile and continuing to ferment for 3d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 73%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 8.7, transferring to a mushroom growing room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 13 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 63 deg.C, maintaining for 6h, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening the door and window;
(4) inoculation: when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 36 ℃, breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation is finished;
(5) management: the fruiting room is kept at 31 ℃, the air humidity is 92% and the light is 325 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the fruiting body of the straw mushroom is in an egg shape and the mycoderm is not broken in time;
wherein the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 4.5 multiplied by 1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 8.2 multiplied by 109CUF/g。
Example 4
A method for cultivating straw mushrooms by using straw mushroom cultivation material mainly containing pure eucalyptus barks comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, namely eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 29: 4: 1, crushing eucalyptus bark into fine strips with the length of 0.2cm and the diameter of 0.1cm for later use; adding water with the mass being 18 times that of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.1%, simultaneously adding water to adjust the water content to 60%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 8.5, and performing heap fermentation for 2 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 60% again, adjusting the pH to 8.5, building a pile, and continuing to ferment for 3d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 70%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 8.5, transferring to a mushroom-growing room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer of material is 10 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 60 deg.C, maintaining for 4 hr, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening the door and window;
(4) inoculation: when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 35 ℃, breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation is finished;
(5) management: the temperature of the fruiting room is kept at 28 ℃, the air humidity is 90 percent, and the light is 300 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the fruiting body of the straw mushroom is in an egg shape and the mycoderm is not broken in time;
wherein the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 3.4 multiplied by 1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 7.3 multiplied by 109CUF/g。
Comparative example 1
The cultivation material of the comparative example does not add corn flour, the mass ratio of the eucalyptus bark to the rice bran is not changed, and other cultivation methods are the same as those of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The eucalyptus bark of the cultivation material of the comparative example is replaced by the cotton seed hulls, and the other cultivation methods are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
The activating medium I of the bacillus in the comparative example does not contain coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, the middle part of the activating medium II of the bacillus mucilaginosus contains ophiopogon polysaccharide, and other cultivation methods are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 4
The cultivation material of this comparative example was not subjected to the second fermentation, and the other cultivation methods were the same as in example 1.
Test one: the fruiting condition of the straw mushroom cultivated by the invention
And (3) experimental design: 5 test groups of the working group 1, the comparative group 2, the comparative group 3 and the comparative group 4 were set. The implementation groups 1 to 3 are cultivated by the methods of the implementation groups 1 to 3 respectively; comparative groups 1 to 4 were cultivated by the methods of comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively.
Each test group is provided with 40 cells, each cell is 1.5m2Marking, observing and counting the occurrence conditions of mites and mixed bacteria respectively at 3d and 7d after fruiting, counting the yield of the straw mushrooms in unit area of each test group after mature harvest, and calculating the biological efficiency.
The statistical method of the occurrence condition of the mites comprises the following steps: randomly selecting 20 cells in each test group, sampling at five points in each cell, taking 100g of fermentation material with the depth of 0-5cm from each sampling point, flatly spreading the taken fermentation material, observing and recording the quantity of mites by using a hand-held magnifier, calculating the quantity of mites in each hundred grams of mass, and obtaining the test results shown in Table 1.
Yield of straw mushroom (kg/m)2) Weight of harvested straw mushroom divided by total area;
biological efficiency (%) (weight of harvested straw mushroom ÷ dry amount of compost) × 100;
the incidence of mixed germs (%) (number of cells where mixed germs appear ÷ total number of cells) × 100;
the number of mites (strips/100 g) ═ the number of mites ÷ (total mass of fermented material sampled) × 100;
TABLE 1 fruiting of the invention for cultivation of volvariella volvacea
As can be seen from Table 1, in the example 1, compared with the comparative example 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the whole corn meal-lacking compost is higher, so that the growth of hyphae is not facilitated, and the biological efficiency of the compost is reduced; compared with the comparative example 2, the eucalyptus bark is replaced by the cotton seed hulls, although the secondary fermentation is carried out, a small amount of mites and mixed bacteria still appear in the growth process of the straw mushrooms, because the cotton seed hulls do not contain bacteriostatic and insect-repellent components; compared with the comparative example 3, in the embodiment 1, when the coriolus versicolor polysaccharide in the activation medium I and the ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide in the activation medium II are absent, the production of extracellular enzymes in the activation process of the microorganisms is influenced, so that the degradation of culture materials is influenced, the biological efficiency is reduced, and the yield of the straw mushrooms is reduced; compared with the comparative example 4, the eucalyptus oil in the eucalyptus bark can not be degraded well only by one-time fermentation, and mites and other bacteria can grow in the culture material.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A straw mushroom cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material according to the mass ratio, and crushing the eucalyptus bark into fine strips of the eucalyptus bark with the length of 0.2cm-0.3cm and the diameter of 0.1cm-0.5cm for later use; adding water with the mass of 18-25 times of the corn flour into the corn flour to dilute the corn flour into corn steep liquor for later use;
(2) and (3) first fermentation: inoculating microbial agent into the eucalyptus bark strips in an inoculation amount of 0.1-0.3%, adding water to adjust the water content to 60-65%, adding lime powder to adjust the pH to 8.5-9.0, and performing heap fermentation for 2-3 d; then adding rice bran and corn steep liquor, stirring to mix uniformly, adjusting the water content to 60-65% again, adjusting the pH to 8.5-9.0, piling and continuing to ferment for 3-4d to obtain an initial fermented material;
(3) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding water into the initial fermented material to adjust water content to 70% -75%, adding lime powder to adjust pH to 8.5-9.0, transferring to a fruiting room, spreading on a mushroom bed to loosen the fermented material, wherein the thickness of each layer is 10-15 cm; sealing the fruiting room, heating to 60-65 deg.C, maintaining for 4-8h, naturally cooling to 45 deg.C, and opening door and window;
(4) inoculation: when the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to 35-38 ℃, breaking the straw mushroom strains into blocks, uniformly scattering the blocks on the fermented material surface, compacting the material surface, and closing the door and window after inoculation is finished;
(5) management: the temperature of the fruiting room is kept at 28-35 ℃, the air humidity is 90-95%, and the light is 300 and 350 lux; opening doors and windows to ventilate for 0.5h in the morning, in the middle and at night every day at 6d after inoculation; spraying primary fruiting water when white spots with the size of rice grains appear on the material surface;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the fruiting body of the straw mushroom is in an egg shape and the mycoderm is not broken in time;
the cultivation material comprises eucalyptus bark, rice bran and corn flour in a mass ratio, wherein the eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 27-32: 2-6: 1;
the microbial agent in the step (2) is prepared by mixing activated bacillus subtilis liquid and bacillus mucilaginosus liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 2; the effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid is 3.4 multiplied by 1010CUF/g-5.6×1010The effective viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid is 7.3 multiplied by 109CUF/g-9.1×109CUF/g；
The activation method of the bacillus subtilis comprises the following steps: inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into an activation medium I under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 16h at 35 ℃; the activation medium I comprises the following components: 7g of yeast extract, 15g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 16g of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, 2g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of ammonium sulfate and 10ml of sterile water, wherein the initial pH is 7.4;
the activation method of the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps: inoculating the bacillus mucilaginosus strain into an activated culture medium II under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 12h at 35 ℃; the components of the activation medium II are as follows: 10g of beef extract, 15g of peptone, 18g of ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide, 1g of manganese sulfate, 2g of sodium chloride and 15ml of sterile water, and the initial pH is 7.1.
2. The method for cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the eucalyptus bark: rice bran: the corn flour is 29: 4: 1.
3. use of a method of straw mushroom cultivation according to any one of claims 1-2 for reducing mite and infectious microbe hazards during straw mushroom cultivation.
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