CN110218078A - 一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN110218078A
CN110218078A CN201910477137.9A CN201910477137A CN110218078A CN 110218078 A CN110218078 A CN 110218078A CN 201910477137 A CN201910477137 A CN 201910477137A CN 110218078 A CN110218078 A CN 110218078A
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王华丽
徐越
占涛涛
淡维杰
曾观音
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用,包括如下步骤:S1.以Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在保护气氛中进行球磨;S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;S3.将粉体在保护气氛中进行低温预烧;S4.将预烧产物在保护气氛中球磨,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2。本发明Li2NiO2合成方便,工艺简单,Li2NiO2的产率高,材料的重现性好。所合成补锂材料Li2NiO2的结构及电化学性能优于现有技术所制备的同种材料,能够有效补充锂电池首次充放电过程中的Li+的损失,从而提高锂离子电池的首次充放电效率,增加比能量,提高循环性能和改善安全性能,在消费电子、电动汽车等的锂离子电池的制造中具有极大的应用价值。

Description

一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及了锂离子电池技术领域,特别是涉及了一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
随着便携式电子设备微型化、长待机的不断发展,以及电动自行车、电动汽车等大功率、高能量设备的启用,都对作为储能电源的锂离子电池的能量密度的提出了越来越高的要求。
通常,在锂离子电池首次充放电过程中,电极材料和电解液在固液界面上发生反应,形成一层覆盖于电极材料的表面的钝化层。这层钝化层是一种界面层,具有固态电解质的特征。是电子绝缘层却是锂离子的良好导体,锂离子可以穿过该钝化层自由地嵌入和脱出电极的活性物质,因此该层钝化膜称为“固体电解质界面膜”,简称SEI膜。SEI膜形成而消耗部分锂,会造成正极材料锂的损失,从而降低电池的容量,造成首次效率的降低。另外,在锂离子电池循环过程中SEI膜消耗及修复,正负极内部都会不同程度存在不可逆锂而带来容量的损失,导致电池的循环寿命降低。特别是当负极片中的活性物质为合金材料(如硅合金和锡合金等)时表现得尤为明显。
为了改善这种情况,需要对电池体系进行补锂。目前有两种方式,一种是采用锂金属对负极进行预嵌锂来提高硅负极首效,优势是锂金属比容量高,且作为添加剂的锂金属可全部转化为锂离子,补锂后没有任何杂质存留。然而,活泼的金属锂对环境要求高(湿度<1%),导致负极补锂工艺繁琐且安全风险大,电池成本较高,电池一致性差,实际生产应用难度很大。另一种就是通过添加一种高容量低首效的正极补锂材料,该方式可以很好的避免安全风险以及工艺复杂等问题。
CN108735526A公开了补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法、使用该Li2NiO2的锂离子电容器。以 Li2O、NiO为原料,在保护气氛中球磨后高温烧结,再加入Al2O3继续在保护气氛中球磨,然后高温烧结得到目标物Li2NiO2。锂离子电容器,包括正极、负极、隔膜和电解液,正极包括正极集流体和溶于溶剂并涂覆在其上的正极材料、导电剂、粘接剂;负极包含负极集流体和溶于溶剂并涂覆在其上的负极材料、导电剂、粘接剂;正极材料中包含第一正极材料和第二正极材料,第一正极材料为碳纳米管、石墨烯、活性炭、纳米门炭中的一种,第二正极材料为Li2NiO2。可通过首次充放电对负极进行预嵌锂。
但本申请发明人在实现本申请实施例的过程中,发现上述技术至少存在如下技术问题:以Li2O、NiO和Al2O3为原料经高温烧结制备Li2NiO2合成困难,Li2NiO2的产率低,材料的重现性差。
发明内容
为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种补锂材料Li2NiO2及其制备方法及应用。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在保护气氛中进行球磨;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;
S3.将粉体在保护气氛中进行低温预烧;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在保护气氛中球磨,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2
进一步地,所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1-1.5:1:0.01-0.03。
进一步地,所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上。
进一步地,步骤S2中烘干的温度为50-60℃,时间为16-24h。
进一步地,步骤S3中低温预烧的温度为300-500℃,时间为2-10h。
进一步地,步骤S5中高温烧结的温度为600-800℃,时间为24-48h。
进一步地,所述保护气氛所用保护气体为氮气、氩气中的一种或两种。
本发明还提供一种补锂材料Li2NiO2,其由上述方法制备得到。
本发明还提供上述补锂材料Li2NiO2的应用,其是将所述补锂材料Li2NiO2用于制备锂离子电池。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明创造性的采用Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,经低温预烧和高温烧结处理,制备补锂材料Li2NiO2,Li2NiO2合成方便,工艺简单,Li2NiO2的产率高,材料的重现性好。所合成补锂材料Li2NiO2的结构及电化学性能优于现有技术所制备的同种材料,能够有效补充锂电池首次充放电过程中的Li+的损失,从而提高锂离子电池的首次充放电效率,增加比能量,提高循环性能和改善安全性能,在消费电子、电动汽车等的锂离子电池的制造中具有极大的应用价值。
具体实施方式
第一方面,本发明提供一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在保护气氛中进行球磨;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;
S3.将粉体在保护气氛中进行低温预烧;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在保护气氛中球磨,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2
其中,所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1-1.5:1:0.01-0.03,更优选地,Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1.2-1.4:1:0.02-0.03.
所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上。
本发明中并不具体限定丙酮的添加量,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设定。
步骤S2中,烘干的温度为50-60℃,如可以是50℃、52℃、54℃、56℃、58℃、60℃,时间为16-24h,如可以是16h、18h、20h、22h、24h。
步骤S3中,低温预烧的温度为300-500℃,如可以是320℃、350℃、380℃、420℃、450℃、480℃,时间为2-10h,如可以是2h、4h、6h、8h、10h。
步骤S5中,高温烧结的温度为600-800℃,如可以是600℃、650℃、680℃、720℃、750℃、780℃,时间为24-48h,如可以是24h、30h、35h、40h、42h、48h。
所述保护气氛所用保护气体为氮气、氩气中的一种或两种。可以理解,本发明的保护气体包括但不限于前面所列举的几种材料,也可以是其他未列举在本实施例中的但被本领域技术人员所熟知的其他材料。
本发明中并不具体限定球磨的时间,本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设定。
第二方面,本发明还提供一种补锂材料Li2NiO2,其由上述方法制备得到。
第三方面,本发明还提供上述补锂材料Li2NiO2的应用,其是将所述补锂材料Li2NiO2用于制备锂离子电池。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式,不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,步骤如下:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在氩气气氛中进行球磨2h;其中,Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上;Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1.1:1:0.02;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;其中,烘干的温度为50℃,时间为24h;
S3.将粉体在氩气气氛下进行低温预烧;其中,低温预烧的温度为450℃,时间为4h;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在氩气气氛下球磨10h,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2;其中,高温烧结的温度为650℃,时间为24h。
实施例2
一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,步骤如下:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在氮气气氛中进行球磨3h;其中,Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上;Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1.1:1:0.01;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;其中,烘干的温度为60℃,时间为16h;
S3.将粉体在氮气气氛下进行低温预烧;其中,低温预烧的温度为300℃,时间为10h;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在氮气气氛下球磨7h,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2;其中,高温烧结的温度为600℃,时间为48h。
实施例3
一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,步骤如下:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在氩气气氛中进行球磨2h;其中,Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上;Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1.5:1:0.03;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;其中,烘干的温度为55℃,时间为20h;
S3.将粉体在氩气气氛下进行低温预烧;其中,低温预烧的温度为500℃,时间为2h;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在氩气气氛下球磨10h,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2;其中,高温烧结的温度为800℃,时间为24h。
实施例4
一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,步骤如下:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在氮气气氛中进行球磨1.5h;其中,Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上;Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1.2:1:0.01;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;其中,烘干的温度为52℃,时间为18h;
S3.将粉体在氮气气氛下进行低温预烧;其中,低温预烧的温度为480℃,时间为6h;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在氮气气氛下球磨8h,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2;其中,高温烧结的温度为680℃,时间为30h。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制,但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案,均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
S1.以 Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3为原料,以丙酮为溶剂,混合后在保护气氛中进行球磨;
S2.将球磨产物烘干,得到粉体;
S3.将粉体在保护气氛中进行低温预烧;
S4.将步骤S3得到的预烧产物在保护气氛中球磨,取出球磨后的产物压制成片;
S5.将步骤S4得到的产物高温烧结,得到目标物补锂材料Li2NiO2
2.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的摩尔比为1-1.5:1:0.01-0.03。
3.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中Li2O、Ni2CO3、Al(OH)3的纯度在99%以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中烘干的温度为50-60℃,时间为16-24h。
5.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中低温预烧的温度为300-500℃,时间为2-10h。
6.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中高温烧结的温度为600-800℃,时间为24-48h。
7.如权利要求1所述的补锂材料Li2NiO2的制备方法,其特征在于,所述保护气氛所用保护气体为氮气、氩气中的一种或两种。
8.一种补锂材料Li2NiO2,其由权利要求1-7任一项所述制备方法制备得到。
9.补锂材料Li2NiO2的应用,其是将权利要求8中的补锂材料Li2NiO2用于制备锂离子电池。
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