CN110194670A - 一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,自上而下包含依次交替的立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层、立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层和立方氮化硼聚晶层;其中所述陶瓷纤维层由CVD或PVD方法涂覆一层金属钴涂层的陶瓷纤维,金属钴涂层外再涂覆有一层金属铝涂层,所述金属铝涂层外再涂覆有一层金属钛钴镍合金涂层制成,还提供了一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体的制作方法,可以有效提高立方氮化硼烧结体的抗崩性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及立方氮化硼烧结体领域,具体是一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体及其制作方法。
背景技术
传统的立方氮化硼烧结体(包括立方氮化硼复合片和立方氮化硼聚晶),均是将立方氮化硼粉末与粘结剂等混合物在高温高压下烧结制作而成的材料,然后再根据刀具尺寸的要求切割成相应形状制作为立方氮化硼刀具。目前市场上的切削刀具90%以上仍采用硬质合金刀具,其优点在于具有良好的韧性即抗崩性,适合大车深加工,但其缺点在于硬度不高、耐热性不强,需加冷却液。这导致了该类刀具不能适合目前制造业发展所提倡的高速、绿色加工。立方氮化硼刀具具有高硬度、良好的耐热性,是高速加工黑色金属的首选,但其缺点在于抗崩性不高,在其高速加工中容易崩刀。这极大缩短了立方氮化硼刀具的使用寿命,严重影响了其发展领域。立方氮化硼烧结体的抗崩性是影响刀具寿命的重要指标之一。
市场上传统的立方氮化硼烧结体刀具材料抗崩性不足,制约了在淬火钢、铸铁等领域的发展,国外山高公司的一个立方氮化硼烧结体材料CBN170是通过在烧结材料中添加碳化硅晶须提高抗崩性,但由于晶须在混料过程中容易被破坏造成断裂,而且在原始粉末中很难一致均匀分布;同时该产品未采用在晶须表面涂层,导致碳化硅晶须与立方氮化硼及粘接剂或陶瓷相等材料的亲和性不够,造成烧结时结合强度不高,这些问题导致其实际使用效果不明显。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,以解决上述技术中存在的缺陷。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
立方氮化硼烧结体制成刀具后,由于切削外力的作用引起材料开裂,如果材料抗崩性不好,聚晶材料内部裂纹沿直线传播,这将对材料产生最为严重的破坏导致崩刀,从而终止刀具的使用寿命。本发明采用陶瓷纤维编辑成网状布的结构,可以均匀一致的分布在原始粉末中。这种结构能有效抑制裂纹的直线扩展,增加了裂纹的扩展通道。当裂纹扩展的剩余能量延伸到陶瓷纤维时,纤维阻止裂纹的直线扩展,导致裂纹扩展停止、扩展方向发生偏移或引发更多细小的裂纹,引起剩余的断裂能被消耗。这极大降低了外力对材料本身的破坏,提高了材料的抗崩性。图2是传统的立方氮化硼烧结体,裂纹扩展对材料造成很大的破损;图3是本发明的立方氮化硼烧结体,裂纹扩展后遇到纤维网状结构引起裂纹停止扩展和诱发裂纹扩展更多细小裂纹,这最大限度的吸收剩余能量,降低材料的损伤来提高材料的抗崩性。
本发明采用在陶瓷纤维上涂层,增加了陶瓷纤维对立方氮化硼和粘接剂或陶瓷相材料的亲和性,增强了各相间的结合强度,增加烧结体的致密性。
一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,自上而下包括依次交替的立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层、立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层和立方氮化硼聚晶层;其中所述陶瓷纤维层由CVD或PVD方法涂覆一层金属钴涂层的陶瓷纤维,金属钴涂层外再涂覆有一层金属铝涂层,所述金属铝涂层外再涂覆有一层金属钛钴镍合金涂层制成;所述立方氮化硼层包含立方氮化硼颗粒和和粘结剂相或陶瓷相;
进一步,立方氮化硼聚晶层厚度不少于0.1mm,不大于3mm;
进一步的,所述的陶瓷纤维为氧化铝陶瓷纤维;也可选用其他陶瓷纤维;
进一步的,所述金属涂层厚度不小于0.01微米,不大于2微米;
进一步的,最外层涂层钛、钴、镍的重量比为5%~30%∶80%-30%∶15%-40%,最好控制在10%~20%∶65%-45%∶25%-35%。
进一步的,所述陶瓷纤维采用单丝纤维编辑成网状布的状态,其单丝直径不小于0.01微米,不大于立方氮化硼的最大颗粒尺寸,最好不大于立方氮化硼颗粒的平均尺寸;编辑网格间的宽度不小于立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与两个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和,不大于10个立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与20个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和;
本发明还提供一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)混合立方氮化硼粉末和粘接剂粉末也可以包括陶瓷硬质相,立方氮化硼含量在20vol%~99vol%,剩余部分为粘接剂相或陶瓷相或者二者的混合物;
2)对陶瓷纤维进行涂层;
3)在金属杯内放一层1)的烧结体混合粉末;
4)烧结体混合粉末上方依次放上氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末、氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末;
5)根据需要也可以在粉末的上方放置硬质合金存底,再加上另一个金属杯子对扣密封;
6)将上述装好粉末的金属杯放入真空炉内进行高温真空排气;
7)最后将处理好的金属杯放入盐管石墨管套件内,最后放入叶腊石腔体内;
8)将组装好的叶腊石块经高温高压(5.5GPa,1300℃~1600℃)烧结制成立方氮化硼烧结体;
本发明的有益效果是:采用在高纯氧化铝陶瓷纤维上涂层来提高氧化铝纤维与立方氮化硼颗粒及粘接剂或陶瓷相的亲和性,提高各相间的结合强度,并通过陶瓷纤维在烧结体内的有序分布来抑制裂纹的扩展延伸的特性来增韧立方氮化硼烧结体,提高其在使用中的抗崩性。
附图说明
图1为制造出的刀具示意图;
图2是传统的立方氮化硼烧结体裂纹图;
图3是本发明的立方氮化硼烧结体裂纹图;
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,自上而下包括依次交替的立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层、立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层和立方氮化硼聚晶层;其中所述陶瓷纤维层由CVD或PVD方法涂覆一层金属钴涂层的陶瓷纤维,金属钴涂层外再涂覆有一层金属铝涂层,所述金属铝涂层外再涂覆有一层金属钛钴镍合金涂层制成;所述立方氮化硼层包含立方氮化硼颗粒和粘结剂或陶瓷相;
更具体的,立方氮化硼聚晶层厚度不少于0.1mm,不大于3mm。如果立方氮化硼聚晶层厚度少于0.1mm,聚晶层太薄,导致材料在制作层刀具后前刀面的耐磨性不够,降低使用寿命,反而大于3mm,立方氮化硼聚晶层与陶瓷纤维层的距离太大,就会降低抑制裂纹扩展的性能,降低材料的抗崩性。
更具体的,所述的陶瓷纤维为氧化铝陶瓷纤维;也可选用其他陶瓷纤维。
更具体的,所述金属涂层厚度不小于0.01微米,不大于2微米。如果涂层厚度少于0.01微米,涂层太薄,金属含量不够,起不到亲和其他相的目的,反而如果涂层厚度大于2微米,涂层太厚导致金属涂层与其他相反应不完全,剩余的金属相会降低烧结材料的硬度和耐热性,导致材料耐磨性和耐热性不足。
更具体的,最外层涂层钛、钴、镍的重量比为10%~20%∶65%-45%∶25%-35%,最佳控制在15%~20%∶60%-50%∶25%-30%。
更具体的,所述陶瓷纤维采用单丝纤维编辑成网状布的状态,其单丝直径不小于0.01微米,不大于立方氮化硼的最大颗粒尺寸,最好不大于立方氮化硼颗粒的平均尺寸;编辑网格间的宽度不小于立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与两个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和,不大于10个立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与20个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和。如果陶瓷纤维丝直径小于0.01微米,由于太细起不到阻止裂纹扩展的效果,反而如果直径超过立方氮化硼颗粒的平均尺寸,不仅降低了烧结材料的结合强度和材料本身的致密性,而且降低了陶瓷纤维的分布密度,降低了抑制裂纹扩展的概率。如果编制的网格的宽度小于一个立方氮化硼颗粒直径和两个粘接剂颗粒之和,会降低材料各相间的结合强度,反而如果网格间的宽度大于10个立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与20个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和,导致陶瓷纤维分布不够致密,不能很好的起到抑制裂纹扩展的目的。
本发明还提供一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)混合立方氮化硼粉末和粘接剂粉末也可以包括陶瓷硬质相,立方氮化硼含量在20vol%~99vol%,剩余部分为粘接剂相或陶瓷相或者二者的混合物;
2)对陶瓷纤维由内至外依次涂覆钴层,金属铝涂层,金属钛钴镍合金涂层,所用金属的纯度在99.9%以上;
3)在金属杯内放一层1)的烧结体混合粉末;
4)烧结体混合粉末上方依次交替放上氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末、氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末;
5)根据需要也可以在粉末的上方放置硬质合金存底,再加上另一个金属杯子对扣密封;
6)将上述装好粉末的金属杯放入真空炉内进行高温真空排气;
7)最后将处理好的金属杯放入盐管石墨管套件内,最后放入叶腊石腔体内;
8)将组装好的叶腊石块经高温高压(5.5GPa,1300℃~1600℃)烧结制成立方氮化硼烧结体;
实施例1
选用平均粒度为4微米的立方氮化硼粉末和平均粒度为2微米的铝、钴、镍、钨金属粉末均匀混合,其中铝、钴、镍、钨的体积比为2∶6∶1∶1,立方氮化硼含量在90vol%,余下的为粘接剂。选用纯度为99.9%的氧化铝纤维,单丝直径为0.1微米,编辑的网格间距为10微米,采用PVD的方式在其表面依次涂层金属钴层、金属铝层和钛钴镍合金层,其中钛钴镍合金层重量比为:18%∶56%∶26%。
将混合好的原始粉末称取4g放入直径30mm的金属杯内压平再放置一层陶瓷纤维,再称取3g原始粉末放入金属杯内压平,再放置一层陶瓷纤维,再称取3g原始粉末放入金属杯内压平,再放置一层陶瓷纤维,再称取4g原始粉末放入金属杯内,最后盖上另一个金属杯密封。将上述金属杯放入真空炉中在600℃~1000℃,5×10-3状态下进行30分钟排气。最后将排气后的金属杯放入盐管-石墨管-叶腊石套件内在1500℃,5.5GPa下烧结30分钟,烧好后的烧结体如图1所示。
将案例1的烧结体制作成刀具CNMA120408T01015,如图1。
对比例2
选用平均粒度为4微米的立方氮化硼粉末和平均粒度为2微米的铝、钴、镍、钨金属粉末均匀混合,其中铝、钴、镍、钨的体积比为2∶6∶1∶1,立方氮化硼含量在90vol%,余下的为粘接剂。称取14g放入金属杯内按例1的方式处理进行高温高压烧结,并制作成刀具CNMA120408T01015。
将实施例1和对比例2进行断续切削对比
线速度110m/min,f=0.1mm,ap=0.2mm,加工工件GCr12,HRC60
实施例3
选用平均粒度2微米的立方氮化硼粉末,5微米的铝粉和1微米的氮化钛粉末均匀混合,CBN含量为60vol%,剩余的为铝粉和氮化钛粉末,铝粉和氮化钛的质量比为1∶9。依照实例1的方式烧结成立方氮化硼烧结体。
对比实例4
选用平均粒度2微米的立方氮化硼粉末,5微米的铝粉和1微米的氮化钛粉末均匀混合,CBN含量为60vol%,剩余的为铝粉和氮化钛粉末,铝粉和氮化钛的质量比为1∶9。依照实例2的方式烧结成立方氮化硼烧结体。
将实施例3和对比例4制成CNMA120408T01015进行断续切削对比线速度110m/min,f=0.1mm,ap=0.2mm,加工工件GCr12,HRC60
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
1.一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:自上而下包含依次交替的立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层、立方氮化硼聚晶层、陶瓷纤维层和立方氮化硼聚晶层;其中所述陶瓷纤维层由CVD或PVD方法涂覆一层金属钴涂层的陶瓷纤维,金属钴涂层外再涂覆有一层金属铝涂层,所述金属铝涂层外再涂覆有一层金属钛钴镍合金涂层制成;所述立方氮化硼聚晶层包含立方氮化硼颗粒和粘结剂相或陶瓷相或者二者的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的陶瓷纤维为氧化铝陶瓷纤维;也可选用其他陶瓷纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的立方氮化硼聚晶层厚度不少于0.1mm,不大于3mm。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的立方氮化硼聚晶层中立方氮化硼含量在20vol%~99vol%。
5.根据权利要求1、3和4所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的立方氮化硼聚晶层中除立方氮化硼外的粘接剂及陶瓷相的含量在80vol%~1vol%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的粘接剂为元素周期表中的IVB,VB,VIB,IB,VIII,IIIA,IVA的一种或多种,陶瓷相为元素周期表中的IVB,VB,VIB,IIIA,IVA的一种或多种元素的碳化物、氮化物、硼化物或碳氮化物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的涂层厚度不小于0.01微米,不大于2微米。
8.根据权利要求1、3和7所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的涂层包含在元素周期表的IVB,VB,VIB,IB,VIII,IIIA,最好是铝、钛、铁、钴、镍单质或其两种或多种合金。
9.根据权利要求1、3、7或8所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述的最外层涂层钛、钴、镍的重量比为5%~30%∶80%-30%∶15%-40%。
10.根据权利要求1、2、7或8所述的一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体,其特征在于:所述陶瓷纤维采用单丝纤维编辑成网状布的状态,其单丝直径不小于0.01微米,不大于立方氮化硼的最大颗粒尺寸,最好不大于立方氮化硼颗粒的平均尺寸;编辑网格间的宽度不小于立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与两个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和,不大于10个立方氮化硼颗粒平均直径与20个粘结剂颗粒平均直径之和。
11.一种新型立方氮化硼烧结体的制作方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)制作烧结体混合粉末,所述烧结体混合粉末混合立方氮化硼粉末和粘接剂粉末也可以包括陶瓷硬质相,立方氮化硼含量在20vol%~99vol%,剩余部分为粘接剂相或陶瓷相或者二者的混合物;
2)对陶瓷纤维进行涂层;
3)在金属杯内放一层烧结体混合粉末;
4)烧结体混合粉末上方依次放上氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末、氧化铝陶瓷纤维、烧结体混合粉末;
5)根据需要也可以在粉末的上方放置硬质合金存底,再加上另一个金属杯子对扣密封;
6)将上述装好粉末的金属杯放入真空炉内进行高温真空排气;
7)最后将处理好的金属杯放入盐管石墨管套件内,最后放入叶腊石腔体内;
8)将组装好的叶腊石块经高温高压(5.5GPa,1300℃~1600℃)烧结制成立方氮化硼烧结体。
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