CN110192650A - 一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及公开了一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法及其应用，其以淡黑巨藻(Lessonia Nigrescens)为主料，进行水提醇沉后，醇沉上清液浓缩干燥得到上清混合物，醇沉沉淀物冷冻干燥得到多糖。最后将这两种提取物与鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜分别水提醇沉后得到的上清混合物和醇沉沉淀物以一定比例复配而成。经药效学实验验证，此复合物对α‑葡萄糖苷酶的活性有显著抑制作用，并且比单一的组分效果更好。此外，该复合物生产成本低，条件温和，具有良好的工业化生产前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物，具体涉及淡黑巨藻多糖与醇沉上清液复配几种海藻多糖与醇沉上清液的制备方法及其在降血糖方面的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病是由于胰岛素的分泌缺陷及（或）胰岛素生物学作用障碍而导致以慢性糖代谢障碍、高血糖为特征的一组慢性代谢性疾病。久病可引起多系统损害，导致眼、肾、神经、心脏、血管等组织的慢性进行性病变，引起功能缺陷及衰竭。近十年来，糖尿病患者率再世界各地与日俱增。随着人们生活水平的提高和社会的额老龄化，糖尿病已经成为一种世界性的非传染性流行疾病。目前，全球约有1.37亿糖尿病患者，中国又近4000万，其中2型糖尿病占95％以上。
2型糖尿病发病的机制主要是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能缺陷，2型糖尿病患者体内产生胰岛素的能力并非完全丧失，有的患者体内胰岛素甚至产生过多，但胰岛素的作用效果较差，因此患者体内的胰岛素是一种相对缺乏，可以通过某些口服药物刺激体内胰岛素的分泌，糖尿病患者的治疗通常采用定期注射胰岛素。常用的口服降糖药包括：α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂（包括阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖等）、磺酰脲类（包括格列美脲、格列苯脲、格列吡嗪等）、双胍类（包括二甲双胍、苯乙双胍、甲丁双胍等）、噻唑烷二酮类（包括罗格列酮，吡格列酮等）、格列奈类促胰岛素分泌剂（包括瑞格列奈、那格列奈等），还有类胰升糖素肽-1及其类似物及DPP-4抑制剂。以上药物虽对2型糖尿病患者控制血糖有效，但缺乏稳定性，作用的方式较为单一，且大多具有不同程度的毒副作用，口服时常有一定的不良症状及反应。因此，研究和开发新型药物仍是临床上的迫切需要。
检索关于海洋生物巨藻的研究以及其在治疗2型糖尿病方面上的应用，发现相关专利有：专利申请号为201480033395.3来自褐色巨藻的抗氧化剂萃取物以及其获得方法；专利申请号为201510081343.X治疗高血压、高血脂的中药胶囊，该专利的研制治疗高血压、高血脂的中药胶囊中包含有巨藻成分。虽然巨藻有显著并且明确的降血脂血压等功效，尚未有相关专利和研究报道淡黑巨藻的活性成分复配几种不同海藻活性成分在降血糖方面的研究，且此方法生产成本低，具有良好的工业化生产前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物及其制备方法及该复合物具有良好降糖活性，能改善人体的血糖水平，预防和治疗胰岛素抵抗而导致的2型糖尿病的复合保健食品。
所述一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物及其制备方法具体操作如下：一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将原料磨粉、热水浸提、乙醇醇沉、过滤、减压浓缩干燥分别得到复合物水提醇沉上清混合物干粉及多糖粉末，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）淡黑巨藻经清洗、烘干后，采用高速中药粉碎机粉碎，过80目筛，得到淡黑巨藻粉末；再将淡黑巨藻粉末按1:30-40 g/mL的料水比混合加热1.5~2h，重复3次，离心过滤，合并滤液进行真空浓缩至原体积的2.5%，浓缩液用体积分数80%-95% v/v乙醇为提取剂进行醇沉，离心取上清液进行再次浓缩至原体积的2.5%，冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻水提醇沉上清混合物；
（2）将步骤（1）中醇沉后的沉淀物进行冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻多糖粉末；
（3）分别以鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻和黄色龙须菜为对象，重复上述步骤，分别得到各自的多糖粉末和水提醇沉上清混合物。
步骤（1）所述烘干温度为50-60℃。
步骤（1）所述浓缩液与80%-95% v/v乙醇的体积比为1:4。
一种利用上述制备方法制得的降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物，由淡黑巨藻、鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜的水提醇沉上清混合物和多糖粉末按比例混合组成。
各组分的质量百分比如下：淡黑巨藻多糖22-32%，淡黑巨藻上清混合物27~30%，浒苔多糖占10~16%，鼠尾藻上清混合物5-8%，浒苔上清混合物5-8%，鼠尾藻多糖3-5%，黄色龙须菜上清混合物3-5%，马尾藻多糖1-3%，马尾藻上清混合物1-3%，黄色龙须菜多糖1-3%，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。进一步地，将降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物应用于制备口服营养功能性片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、口服液或颗粒冲剂中。
本发明的有益之处
1.本发明全部采用天然物质作为原料，配伍科学，条件温和，具有良好的工业化生产前景。
2.本发明为一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物，该产品在调节血糖方面的效果显著，具有良好的保健价值，拥有较好的市场发展前景。
附图说明
图1为淡黑巨藻复合物与单一提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步具体说明，为进一步公开而不是限制本发明。
实施例1
一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法：
以淡黑巨藻(Lessonia Nigrescens)为主料，水提醇沉后，醇沉上清液浓缩干燥得到上清混合物，醇沉沉淀物冷冻干燥得到多糖。将这两种提取物与鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜分别水提醇沉后得到的上清混合物和醇沉沉淀物以一定比例复配而成，即淡黑巨藻复合物；具体包括如下步骤：
（1）淡黑巨藻用蒸馏水清洗4次，除去样品表面的盐分及附生物，55°C烘干后粉碎，过80目筛，保存于干燥容器中备用。
（2）将步骤（1）中制备的淡黑巨藻粉末，按重量与体积比（g/mL）为1:30的料水比加蒸馏水进行混合加热，时间为2h，重复3次，离心过滤，合并滤液并进行真空浓缩至原体积的2.5%，浓缩液经80%v/v乙醇醇沉，离心取上清液再次浓缩至原体积的2.5%，冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻水提醇沉上清混合物。
（3）将步骤（2）中醇沉后的沉淀物进行冷冻干燥，得淡黑巨藻多糖粉末。
（4）分别以鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻和黄色龙须菜为对象，重复上述步骤，分别得到各自的醇沉上清混合物和多糖。
（5）一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物具体配制为：淡黑巨藻多糖30%，淡黑巨藻上清混合物25%，浒苔多糖占16%，鼠尾藻上清混合物与浒苔上清混合物各种8%，鼠尾藻多糖与黄色龙须菜上清混合物各占5%，马尾藻多糖、马尾藻上清混合物和黄色龙须菜多糖各占1%。
实施例2
一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法：
以淡黑巨藻(Lessonia Nigrescens)为主料，水提醇沉后，醇沉上清液浓缩干燥得到上清混合物，醇沉沉淀物冷冻干燥得到多糖。将这两种提取物与鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜分别水提醇沉后得到的上清混合物和醇沉沉淀物以一定比例复配而成，即淡黑巨藻复合物；具体包括如下步骤：
（1）淡黑巨藻用蒸馏水清洗5次，除去样品表面的盐分及附生物，60°C烘干后粉碎，过80目筛，保存于干燥容器中备用。
（2）将步骤（1）中制备的淡黑巨藻粉末，按重量与体积比（g/mL）为1:40的料水比加蒸馏水进行混合加热，时间为1.5h，重复3次，离心过滤，合并滤液并进行真空浓缩至原体积的2.5%，浓缩液经90%v/v乙醇醇沉，离心取上清液再次浓缩至原体积的2.5%，冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻水提醇沉上清混合物。
（3）将步骤（2）中醇沉后的沉淀物进行冷冻干燥，得淡黑巨藻多糖粉末。
（4）分别以鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻和黄色龙须菜为对象，重复上述步骤，分别得到各自的醇沉上清混合物和多糖。
（5）一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物具体配制为：淡黑巨藻多糖32%，淡黑巨藻上清混合物27%，浒苔多糖占15%，鼠尾藻上清混合物与浒苔上清混合物各种6%，鼠尾藻多糖与黄色龙须菜上清混合物各占4%，马尾藻多糖、马尾藻上清混合物和黄色龙须菜多糖各占2%。
实施例3
一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法：
以淡黑巨藻(Lessonia Nigrescens)为主料，水提醇沉后，醇沉上清液浓缩干燥得到上清混合物，醇沉沉淀物冷冻干燥得到多糖。将这两种提取物与鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜分别水提醇沉后得到的上清混合物和醇沉沉淀物以一定比例复配而成，即淡黑巨藻复合物；具体包括如下步骤：
（1）淡黑巨藻用蒸馏水清洗5次，除去样品表面的盐分及附生物，60°C烘干后粉碎，过80目筛，保存于干燥容器中备用。
（2）将步骤（1）中制备的淡黑巨藻粉末，按重量与体积比（g/mL）为1：40的料水比进行混合加热，时间为2h，重复3次，离心过滤，合并滤液并进行真空浓缩至原体积的2.5%，浓缩液经95%v/v乙醇醇沉，离心取上清液再次浓缩至原体积的2.5%，冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻水提醇沉上清混合物。
（3）将步骤（2）中醇沉后的沉淀物进行冷冻干燥，得淡黑巨藻多糖粉末。
（4）分别以鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻和黄色龙须菜为对象，重复上述步骤，分别得到各自的醇沉上清混合物和多糖。
（5）一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物具体配制为：淡黑巨藻多糖25%，淡黑巨藻上清混合物27%，浒苔多糖占13%，鼠尾藻上清混合物与浒苔上清混合物各种8%，鼠尾藻多糖与黄色龙须菜上清混合物各占5%，马尾藻多糖、马尾藻上清混合物和黄色龙须菜多糖各占3%。
实验测试
单一提取物与复合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制实验
实验原理：
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂能抑制α-葡萄糖昔酶催化水解对硝基苯基-a- D –吡喃葡萄糖苷（PNPG）的活性，产生对硝基苯酚。以一定时间内反应体系中对硝基苯酚的含量变化来计算提取物的酶抑制活性。
实验方法
方法参照Sinead Lordan法而略有改进，分别将单一提取物和复合物溶于PBS缓冲液，浓度为10mg/mL。取50uL溶液与50uL α-葡萄糖苷酶（0.1 U/mL）混合，将混合溶液在37℃下预热5min，然后加入100uL的PNPG底物，在37℃下反应30min后，加入10uL的终止液终止反应。以上反应在96孔板上完成，最后用Benchmark酶标仪，在405nm波长下测定OD值。以上所有溶液均用100 mM的缓冲液（PH=6.9）进行配制，并以阿卡波糖做阳性对照，同时设定空白组（以蒸馏水替代样品溶液）和背景组（以缓冲液替代α-葡萄糖苷酶），每个组别均设4个平行，取平均值。
酶活力抑制率（%）计算：（A空白—（A样品—A背景））/A空白×100%。
实验结果表明：以阿卡波糖作为阳性药物，五种海藻多糖和醇沉上清混合物在浓度为10mg/mL下均对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有一定的抑制作用。其中抑制率最大的是淡黑巨藻上清混合物，抑制率为65.34%，其次是淡黑巨藻多糖，抑制率为55.70%，其余四种海藻的8种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率在10%~45%区间，以淡黑巨藻多糖和上清混合物为主，与其余8种提取物复配后发现复合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率为87.70%，高于复配的任一单一组分。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实验例，凡依据本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将原料磨粉、热水浸提、乙醇醇沉、过滤、减压浓缩干燥分别得到复合物水提醇沉上清混合物干粉及多糖粉末，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）淡黑巨藻经清洗、烘干后，采用高速中药粉碎机粉碎，过80目筛，得到淡黑巨藻粉末；再将淡黑巨藻粉末按1:30-40 g/mL的料水比混合加热1.5~2h，重复3次，离心过滤，合并滤液进行真空浓缩至原体积的2.5%，浓缩液用体积分数80%-95% v/v乙醇为提取剂进行醇沉，离心取上清液进行再次浓缩至原体积的2.5%，冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻水提醇沉上清混合物；
（2）将步骤（1）中醇沉后的沉淀物进行冷冻干燥，得到淡黑巨藻多糖粉末；
（3）分别以鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻和黄色龙须菜为对象，重复上述步骤，分别得到各自的多糖粉末和水提醇沉上清混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述烘干温度为50-60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述浓缩液与80%-95% v/v乙醇的体积比为1:4。
4.一种利用权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物，其特征在于，由淡黑巨藻、鼠尾藻、浒苔、马尾藻、黄色龙须菜的水提醇沉上清混合物和多糖粉末按比例混合组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合物，其特征在于：各组分的质量百分比如下：淡黑巨藻多糖22-32%，淡黑巨藻上清混合物27~30%，浒苔多糖占10~16%，鼠尾藻上清混合物5-8%，浒苔上清混合物5-8%，鼠尾藻多糖3-5%，黄色龙须菜上清混合物3-5%，马尾藻多糖1-3%，马尾藻上清混合物1-3%，黄色龙须菜多糖1-3%，各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
6.一种如权利要求4所述的降血糖的淡黑巨藻水提复合物在制备口服营养功能性片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、口服液或颗粒冲剂中的应用。
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