CN110192490B - Assorted breeding method for populus - Google Patents
Assorted breeding method for populus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110192490B CN110192490B CN201910597230.3A CN201910597230A CN110192490B CN 110192490 B CN110192490 B CN 110192490B CN 201910597230 A CN201910597230 A CN 201910597230A CN 110192490 B CN110192490 B CN 110192490B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a supporting breeding method of a penta-lotus, which relates to the technical field of grafting breeding in forestry asexual breeding technology. In the middle ten days of 8 months, cutting branches of the populus pentagonis in the cutting orchard, carrying the branches to a high-stock breeding orchard for grafting and breeding, cutting the cutting slips at the beginning of 3 months next year after the high-stock bud grafting, and taking the cutting slips out of the orchard from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 4 months in spring. The method adopts a multi-way match, improves the transplanting survival rate of the Wulian poplar to 100 percent, has the propagation coefficient of 1:11, and can be outplanted in 2 years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grafting breeding in forestry asexual breeding technology, in particular to a method for breeding populus pentandra in a matching way.
Background
Populus chinensis (Populus wulianensis S.B.Liang & X.W.Li) belongs to Salicaceae (Salicaceae), and Populus (Populus) is a unique rare tree species of Shandong, is mainly distributed in Shandong sunshine (Wulianshan) and tobacco terrace (Kunjianshan, Zhaohanshan) and the like, is grown in a ditch mixed wood forest with the altitude of 300-500 m, is scattered or formed into a sheet forest, and is a good material tree species (Lishubin and Lixingshang, 1986; Liwenqing, et al, 2016; Wangyan, et al, 2018). As shown in forest germplasm resource investigation in Shandong province, the Populus chinensis grows rapidly and has strong stress resistance, but the distribution range is extremely narrow, the male-female proportion is seriously imbalanced, only natural updating seedlings exist near female plants, the propagation and diffusion capabilities of the seedlings are weak, and artificial propagation and biological research are urgently needed to be carried out (Lifaren et al, 2016; Liwenqing et al, 2016). The study of Lifazeng et al (2016) finds that the form of the Wulian poplar is between that of a populus tremuloides (p.davidiana Dode.) and that of a populus sonoranthum (p.adenopoda Maxim.), and has important significance for the study of the classification and geographical distribution of the populus genus.
The character separation of seedlings of seedling generations of the populus pleioides is serious (Wangbang et al, 2018), the current-year shoots of wild mother trees are short and the buds are not full, and the hard branches and the tender branches of the populus pleioides are difficult to be cut (Wangbang et al, 2018). In order to solve the asexual breeding technical system of the populus scandens, the research team makes great breakthroughs in the aspects of research and development of a tissue culture medium of the populus scandens (Wangbai and the like, with the patent number of ZL 201710445777.2), establishment of a rapid propagation system (Liwenqing and the like, with the patent of ZL 201710449631.5), prevention and control of vitrification of test-tube seedlings (Wangbai and the like, with the patent number of ZL 2018) and the like. However, due to the biological characteristics of the Wulian poplar and other reasons (Wangbai et al, 2018), the method and procedure for tissue culture are relatively complicated and are not easy to be grasped by general people. The cutting breeding method is still a key technical bottleneck in scientific research and production of the populus scandens, and needs to be solved urgently, but no relevant report is found until now. In order to further improve the cuttage survival rate of the populus pentandra, the research team provides a method for breeding the populus pentandra in a matching way, and aims to provide technical support for the protection, development and utilization of the populus pentandra.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding populus scandens in a matching way, which solves the technical problem that a method for breeding the populus scandens by cuttage is lacked in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) scion rejuvenation and scion garden breeding
In early spring, collecting branches of field population of the populus pleioides, wrapping the branches with wet newspaper, sand-storing, taking out the sand-stored branches from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-7cm, sealing with wax for later use, selecting annual Balixian populus pleioides cutting seedlings bred according to a conventional cutting method as stocks, keeping the heights of the stocks to be 5-6cm, cleft grafting the wax-sealed scions to the stocks by adopting a base cleft grafting method to build a juvenile cutting orchard of the populus pleioides;
the branch of the Wulian poplar collected directly from the field is thin and weak, the quality of the bud is poor, and the number of effective buds (2-5 of each bud is different), and a basal cleft grafting method is selected.
(2) High rootstock breeding
Grafting the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months of the same year of the Wulian poplar, before the Balizhuangyan poplar does not sprout, selecting the current-year branches of the Balizhuangyan poplar, cutting the branches into 6-8cm cuttings, and soaking the cuttings in clear water for 30min for later use;
deeply ploughing and leveling a seedling raising field of a cutting orchard, trimming into small furrows with the width of 120cm, covering a mulching film with the width of 1.5m, punching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, obliquely inserting cutting branches of the eight-mile cottonwood, leveling the upper parts of the cutting branches to the ground, watering and flood-irrigating the small furrows after cutting, emerging seedlings after the seedlings grow to 6-8cm, reserving 1 branch for cultivation, then normally managing, and building a high stock breeding orchard;
after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, the buds on the cuttage cuttings gradually germinate, and the cuttage survival rate reaches 100%. The annual seedling height of the high stock breeding garden can reach 1.8-2.4 cm.
(3) Grafting and breeding
8, in the middle ten days of the month, selecting a dry single plant from the poplar cutting orchard obtained in the step (1), counting 2 buds upwards from the base of the single plant, then performing truncation from a position 1cm above the 2 nd bud, cutting off blades on the truncated branches, keeping 1-2cm of leaf stalks, putting the leaf stalks into a small bucket paved with wet newspaper, and placing the small bucket in a cool place for later use;
immediately taking 10 branches to the high stock breeding garden in the step (2) for grafting after cutting, and sequentially grafting 5-8 branches per plant from the lower part to the upper part of the high stock by using a square budding method to finish grafting;
about 10-12 plump shoots per individual plant can be taken. After grafting for 2-3 weeks, the periphery of the grafting bud is gradually healed, the bud body is bright, the grafting survival rate reaches 100%, and compared with the conventional scion-picking grafting survival rate and bud grafting survival rate, the grafting survival rate is respectively improved by 65% and 80%. Grafting buds are overwintering on the high stock.
(4) Cuttage propagation
At the beginning of 3 months in the next year after the high stock bud grafting, performing truncation from a position 2cm above a first grafted bud at a position 5cm away from the base of the high stock, and performing normal scion cutting garden management; pruning the truncated branches to obtain cutting slips according to the positions of the survival buds, wherein 15 branches are bundled and placed in a shade place for later use;
(5) deeply ploughing, leveling a seedling raising land of the cutting nursery, arranging into small ridges with the width of 120cm, and covering mulching films with the width of 1.5m on the small ridges; punching holes on the mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, taking the cutting slips obtained in the step (4), obliquely cutting, enabling the upper grafted buds to be level to the ground, and watering and flood-irrigating small furrows after cutting is finished;
after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, gradually germinating the grafting buds of the populus scandens, timely erasing the sprouts on the stocks, and entering normal management after the seedlings of the populus scandens grow to 6-8 cm;
(6) transplanting and outplanting
And (4) outplanting from the bottom of the spring in 2 months to the beginning of the spring in 4 months.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the wild branches of the populus dumulosa are collected, wherein the base branches or the branches below the trunk branches are collected from healthy female plants and male plant superior trees of the wild population of the populus dumulosa, and when no base branches or branches below the trunk branches are collected, branches at the periphery of the crown are selected for collection.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), after grafting the scion, tightly binding with a film, after 1-2 weeks, germinating the grafted pistacia chinensis scion, wiping off the stock sprout, keeping the scion sprout, and after 6-8 weeks, cutting open the grafting film by a grafting knife so as to prevent the graft mouth of the grafted seedling from being narrowed and folded, and normally managing.
In the step (3), a smooth surface is selected from the position 5cm away from the base of each high stock for carrying out first budding, when budding is carried out, firstly, a cut is transversely made on the smooth surface of each high stock, then, a cut is vertically made below the cut to obtain a high stock grafting opening, then, a full bud is selected on a bud picking strip, a cut is respectively made on the periphery of the full bud to cut a square bud, then, the bud is placed into the high stock grafting opening, the cambium at the biological upper end is aligned, finally, the upper part of the bud is covered by a single-layer film and then wound tightly, 8-10cm upwards along a branch, the budding method is repeated for carrying out second budding, and multiple budding is carried out from bottom to top in sequence.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the cutting obtained by pruning the truncated branches according to the positions of the survival buds means that the cutting is truncated at a position 4-5cm below the survival buds and then is cut into a wedge shape, and the cutting is truncated at a position 1-2cm above the survival buds.
As a preferred embodiment, the sand reservoir in step (1) is river sand, and the thickness of the sand covering is not less than 30 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the cutting is trimmed in a way that the biological lower end is wedge-shaped and the biological upper end is frustum-shaped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the matched breeding method provided by the invention is used for carrying out efficient asexual breeding of the Wulian poplar in a simple mode. According to the method, a simple and efficient breeding technical system is obtained by matching the modes of scion rejuvenation, scion cutting garden establishment, high stock breeding, bud grafting propagation, cutting breeding, nursery cultivation and the like, and a square bud grafting method with the best pre-test effect is selected for grafting during bud grafting so as to prevent branches from being withered due to water loss and causing quality reduction of grafted buds.
The nursery stock has strong growth potential and developed root system, the transplanting survival rate of the nursery stock reaches 100 percent, and the transplanting survival rate is improved by more than 20 percent compared with the conventional transplanting survival rate. The propagation coefficient is about 1:11, and the seedlings can be outplanted in 2 years.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for breeding populus pleioides in a matching way comprises the following steps:
(1) scion rejuvenation and scion garden breeding
In early spring, collecting branches of field population of the populus pleioides, wrapping the branches with wet newspaper, sand-storing, taking out the sand-stored branches from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, cutting the branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-7cm, sealing with wax for later use, selecting annual Balixian populus pleioides cutting seedlings bred according to a conventional cutting method as stocks, keeping the heights of the stocks to be 5-6cm, cleft grafting the wax-sealed scions to the stocks by adopting a base cleft grafting method to build a juvenile cutting orchard of the populus pleioides;
the branch of the Wulian poplar collected directly from the field is thin and weak, the quality of the bud is poor, and the number of effective buds (2-5 of each bud is different), and a basal cleft grafting method is selected.
(2) High rootstock breeding
Grafting the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months of the same year of the Wulian poplar, before the Balizhuangyan poplar does not sprout, selecting the current-year branches of the Balizhuangyan poplar, cutting the branches into 6-8cm cuttings, and soaking the cuttings in clear water for 30min for later use;
deeply ploughing and leveling a seedling raising field of a cutting orchard, trimming into small furrows with the width of 120cm, covering a mulching film with the width of 1.5m, punching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, obliquely inserting cutting branches of the eight-mile cottonwood, leveling the upper parts of the cutting branches to the ground, watering and flood-irrigating the small furrows after cutting, emerging seedlings after the seedlings grow to 6-8cm, reserving 1 branch for cultivation, then normally managing, and building a high stock breeding orchard;
after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, the buds on the cuttage cuttings gradually germinate, and the cuttage survival rate can reach 100%. The annual seedling height of the high stock breeding garden can reach 1.8-2.4 cm.
(3) Grafting and breeding
8, in the middle ten days of the month, selecting a dry single plant from the poplar cutting orchard obtained in the step (1), counting 2 buds upwards from the base of the single plant, then performing truncation from a position 1cm above the 2 nd bud, cutting off blades on the truncated branches, keeping 1-2cm of leaf stalks, putting the leaf stalks into a small bucket paved with wet newspaper, and placing the small bucket in a cool place for later use;
immediately taking 10 branches to the high stock breeding garden in the step (2) for grafting after cutting, and sequentially grafting 5-8 branches per plant from the lower part to the upper part of the high stock by using a square budding method to finish grafting;
about 10-12 plump shoots per individual plant can be taken. After 2-3 weeks, the periphery of the grafting bud is gradually healed, the bud body is bright, the grafting survival rate reaches 100%, and the grafting survival rate and the bud grafting survival rate are respectively improved by 65% and 80% compared with the conventional scion picking. Grafting buds are overwintering on the high stock.
(4) Cuttage propagation
At the beginning of 3 months in the next year after the high stock bud grafting, performing truncation from a position 2cm above a first grafted bud at a position 5cm away from the base of the high stock, and performing normal scion cutting garden management; pruning the truncated branches to obtain cutting slips according to the positions of the survival buds, wherein 15 branches are bundled and placed in a shade place for later use;
(5) deeply ploughing, leveling a seedling raising land of the cutting nursery, arranging into small ridges with the width of 120cm, and covering mulching films with the width of 1.5m on the small ridges; punching holes on the mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, taking the cutting slips obtained in the step (4), obliquely cutting, enabling the upper grafted buds to be level to the ground, and watering and flood-irrigating small furrows after cutting is finished;
after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, gradually germinating the grafting buds of the populus scandens, timely erasing the sprouts on the stocks, and entering normal management after the seedlings of the populus scandens grow to 6-8 cm;
(6) transplanting and outplanting
And (4) outplanting from the bottom of the spring in 2 months to the beginning of the spring in 4 months.
Further, in the step (1), the wild branches of the Wulian poplar are collected, wherein the base branches or the branches below the trunk branches are collected from the healthy female plants and the male plant superior trees of the wild population of the Wulian poplar, and when the base branches or the branches below the trunk branches do not exist, the branches at the periphery of the crown branches are selected for collection.
Further, in the step (1), after grafting of the scion, tightly binding with a film, after 1-2 weeks, germinating the grafted pentanella scion, wiping off the stock sprout, keeping the scion sprout, and after 6-8 weeks, cutting the grafting film with a grafting knife so as to prevent the graft mouth of the grafted seedling from being narrowed, folded and normally managed.
Further, in the step (3), a first budding is carried out on the smooth surface selected from the position 5cm away from the base of each high stock, when budding is carried out, firstly, a first cut is transversely made on the smooth surface of each high stock, then, a first cut is vertically made below a cut to obtain a high stock grafting opening, then, full buds are selected on bud strips, a cut is made on the periphery of each full bud, square buds are cut, then, the buds are placed into the high stock grafting openings, cambiums at the upper biological ends are aligned, finally, the upper parts of the buds are covered by a single-layer film and then are wound tightly, the buds are repeatedly budded upwards by 8-10cm along branches, and multiple budding is carried out sequentially from bottom to top.
Further, in the step (4), the cutting of the truncated branches according to the positions of the survival buds means that the branches are truncated at the positions 4-5cm below the survival buds, then the branches are trimmed into wedges, and the branches are truncated at the positions 1-2cm above the survival buds.
Furthermore, river sand is used in the sand storage in the step (1), and the thickness of the covering sand is not less than 30 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the cutting pruning mode is that the biological lower end is wedge-shaped, and the biological upper end is frustum-shaped.
Examples
1 scion rejuvenation and scion orchard breeding
In the early spring of 2015, before the germination of the Wulian poplars, selecting healthy female plants and male plants from wild populations of the Wulian poplars in Kunzhi and Xinghshan, collecting branches from single plants (preferably selecting a base and a trunk sprout in sequence, and selecting peripheral branches after the above defects), taking annual branches as main branches and attaching biennial branches, marking and bundling the branches by single plants/clone, wrapping the branches with wet newspaper, transporting the wrapped branches back, and storing the wrapped branches in river sand at the shady place, wherein the thickness of the sand is not less than 30 cm.
And 3, cutting the Chinese lobelia poplar scions into 5-7cm cuttings at the end of 3 months in 2015, and sealing the cuttings with paraffin wax for later use.
The annual Kaempferia bayanensis cutting seedlings are selected as the stocks, and the height of the stocks is reserved to be 5-6 cm.
And (3) respectively splitting the wax-sealed pentanella japonica scions on the Pimenta japonica by adopting a base splitting method, and binding tightly by using a film.
After 1-2 weeks, the grafted pistacia chinensis poplar scion gradually sprouts, rootstock sprouts are timely wiped off, and scion sprouts are reserved; after 6-8 weeks of growth, the grafting film is cut by a grafting knife so as to prevent the grafting opening of the grafted seedling from being constricted and folded by wind. Then normally managing corresponding grafted seedlings. The grafting method enables each single plant/clone of the populus pentandra to be rejuvenated, and finally a rejuvenated scion cutting garden of the populus pentandra is built, and the grafting survival rate is 30% -40%. The height of the seedlings in the current year can reach 1.5-2 m.
2 high stock breeding
In 3 months early in 2015, before the Balixian poplars germinate, the current-year branches of the Balixian poplars are selected to form 6-8cm cuttings, wherein the biological lower end is wedge-shaped, the biological upper end is flat-cut, and after the cuttings are cut, every 15 branches are bundled and soaked in clear water for 30min for later use.
Selecting a land with sufficient illumination and good watering condition as a seedling raising land of a cutting nursery, deeply ploughing and leveling, and arranging the land into small furrows with the width of 120cm or 80cm according to the length of the film and the actual condition of the film. And then covering a mulching film with the width of 1.5m or 1.0m on the small ridge.
Punching holes on the mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, and cutting under the biological lower end, wherein the oblique cutting is mainly used. The upper part is flush with the ground.
After cutting, watering and flood-irrigating small furrows to ensure that water enters the ground from each cutting edge until the water is saturated.
And after 2-3 weeks of cutting, gradually germinating buds on the cutting slips, after the seedlings grow to 6-8cm, reserving 1 branch for cultivation after seedling emergence, and then carrying out normal management. The average cuttage survival rate is more than 95%, and the seedling height in the current year can reach 1.8-2.4 cm.
3 grafting and breeding
In 8 th-month mid-ten days in 2015, selecting dry and well-shaped single plants in a poplar cutting orchard, counting 2 buds from the base parts of the single plants upwards, and then truncating from the position 1cm above the 2 nd bud. About 10-12 shoots per individual plant can be taken.
Cutting off the leaves on the truncated branches, reserving 1-2cm of leaf stalks, then putting the small barrels paved with wet newspapers into the small barrels, and placing the small barrels in a cool place for standby.
After 10 branches are cut, the seedlings are brought to a high stock breeding garden to carry out square bud grafting.
Selecting the dry-shaped Balyzhuang poplar seedlings with large growth quantity, and carrying out a plurality of square-shaped bud grafting from bottom to top in sequence.
And selecting a smooth surface from the position 5cm away from the base of each high stock for first budding. When budding, firstly, transversely cutting a knife on the smooth surface of the high stock, and then vertically cutting a knife below the knife edge; and then, selecting full buds on the bud strips, cutting off the edges of the full buds once, cutting square buds, putting the buds into a grafting opening of a stock to align cambiums at the biological upper ends, covering the upper parts of the buds with a single-layer film, winding tightly, and performing second bud grafting at the position 8-10cm upwards, wherein the grafting method is the same as the above. Each plant is grafted with 5-8 plants.
After 2-3 weeks, the grafted bud gradually heals around, and the bud body is bright, which indicates that the bud body survives. Grafting buds are overwintering on the high stock.
4 cuttage and breeding
At the beginning of 3 months in 2016, truncation is carried out from a position 2cm above the first grafted bud on a high stock, the reserved bud of the populus pentandra continues to grow and rejuvenate according to a normal scion garden mode, and the bud of the stock is timely wiped off; for the cut branches, cutting the cutting slips according to the positions of the survival buds, wherein the cutting slips are horizontally cut at the positions 4-5cm below the survival buds, and then the cutting slips are trimmed into wedges; cutting 1-2cm above the viable bud, bundling 15 branches in bundle according to the same biological part direction, and placing in shade for use, wherein each branch obtains 10 cutting slips with viable effective buds, and each bundle obtains 150 cutting slips with viable effective buds.
5 post-cuttage management
Selecting a land with sufficient illumination and good watering condition as a seedling raising land of a cutting nursery, deeply ploughing and leveling, and finishing into small furrows with the width of 80 cm. And then covering a mulching film with the width of 1.0m on the small ridge.
Punching holes on the mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, and cutting under the biological lower end, wherein the oblique cutting is mainly used. The upper grafting bud is flush with the ground.
After cutting, watering and flood-irrigating small furrows to ensure that water enters the ground from each cutting edge until the water is saturated.
And after 2-3 weeks of cutting, gradually germinating the grafting buds of the populus scandens on the cutting slips, timely erasing the buds on the stocks, and performing normal management after the seedlings of the populus scandens grow to 6-8 cm. The height of the seedlings in the current year can reach 1.6-2.50cm, the height of the seedlings is related to the plumpness of the buds of the seedlings, the height of the seedlings is positively related to the thickness of the stocks grafted by high stocks, and the cuttage survival rate is 98.2%.
6 transplanting out of nursery
Outplanting in 2017 in 3 months, the outplanted seedlings have developed wood root systems, the transplanting survival rate is 100%, and the average seedling height is 2.1 m. The propagation coefficient of the seedling from the bud of the mother tree to the final outplanting is about 1: 11.
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the matched breeding method provided by the invention is used for carrying out efficient asexual breeding of the Wulian poplar in a simple mode. According to the invention, a simple and efficient breeding technical system is obtained by matching scion rejuvenation with establishment of a scion cutting garden, high stock breeding, bud grafting propagation, cutting breeding, nursery reserving cultivation and the like, the growth vigor of seedlings in the nursery is strong, the root system is developed, the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings reaches 100%, and the transplanting survival rate is improved by more than 20% compared with the conventional transplanting survival rate. The propagation coefficient is about 1:11, and the seedlings can be outplanted in 2 years.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding populus scandens in a matching way is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of conducting scion rejuvenation and scion garden breeding in early spring, collecting branches of field population of the populus pleioides, wrapping the branches with wet newspaper, then conducting sand storage, taking out the sand-stored branches from 3 months to 4 months, pruning the branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-7cm, sealing with wax for later use, selecting annual Balixian populus cutting seedlings bred according to a conventional cutting method as stocks, keeping the heights of the stocks to be 5-6cm, and cleft grafting the wax-sealed cutting slips on the stocks by a base cleft grafting method to build the rejuvenated scion garden of the populus pleioides;
(2) high stock breeding and grafting the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months of the same year of the Wulian poplar, before the Balizhuangyan poplar does not sprout, selecting the current-year branch of the Balizhan poplar, cutting the branch into 6-8cm cuttings, and soaking the cuttings in clear water for 30min for later use; deeply ploughing and leveling a seedling raising field of a cutting orchard, trimming into small furrows with the width of 120cm, covering a mulching film with the width of 1.5m, punching according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, obliquely inserting cutting branches of the eight-mile cottonwood, leveling the upper parts of the cutting branches to the ground, watering and flood-irrigating the small furrows after cutting, emerging seedlings after the seedlings grow to 6-8cm, reserving 1 branch for cultivation, then normally managing, and building a high stock breeding orchard;
(3) grafting and breeding 8 middle-of-month ten days, selecting a dry single plant from the cutting orchard of the populus pleioides obtained in the step (1), counting 2 buds upwards from the base of the single plant, then performing truncation from a position 1cm above the 2 nd bud, cutting off leaves on the truncated branches, keeping 1-2cm of leaf stalks, putting the leaves into a small bucket paved with wet newspaper, and placing the small bucket in a cool place for later use; immediately taking 10 branches to the high stock breeding garden in the step (2) for grafting after cutting, and sequentially grafting 5-8 branches per plant from the lower part to the upper part of the high stock by using a square budding method to finish grafting;
(4) at the beginning of 3 months in the next year after the high stock bud grafting of cutting breeding, performing truncation from the position 2cm above the first grafted bud at the position 5cm away from the base part of the high stock, and performing normal cutting nursery management; pruning the truncated branches to obtain cutting slips according to the positions of the survival buds, wherein 15 branches are bundled and placed in a shade place for later use;
(5) deeply ploughing, leveling a seedling raising land of the cutting nursery, arranging into small ridges with the width of 120cm, and covering mulching films with the width of 1.5m on the small ridges; punching holes on the mulching film according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40cm, taking the cutting slips obtained in the step (4), obliquely cutting, enabling the upper grafted buds to be level to the ground, and watering and flood-irrigating small furrows after cutting is finished; after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, gradually germinating the grafting buds of the populus scandens, timely erasing the sprouts on the stocks, and entering normal management after the seedlings of the populus scandens grow to 6-8 cm;
(6) transplanting the seedlings out of the nursery from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 4 months.
2. The method for breeding populus pentandra in a matching manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the collection of field branches of populus pentandra is carried out by collecting base or bottom shoot from healthy female and male parent trees of field population of populus pentandra, and selecting peripheral branches of crown for collection when no base or bottom shoot exists.
3. The method for breeding populus pentandra in a matching manner as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), after grafting of the scion, the scion is tightly bound with a film, after 1-2 weeks, the grafted populus pentandra scion germinates, the stock sprout is wiped off, the scion sprout is reserved, after 6-8 weeks, the grafted film is cut by a grafting knife, and the management is normal.
4. The method for breeding populus pentandra in a matched manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a first bud grafting is carried out on a smooth surface selected from a position 5cm away from the base of each high stock, when the bud grafting is carried out, firstly, a cut is transversely made on the smooth surface of the high stock, then, a cut is vertically made below the cut to obtain a high stock grafting port, then, a full bud is selected on a bud strip, a cut is respectively made on the periphery of the full bud, a square bud is cut, then, the bud is placed in the high stock grafting port, the upper end of a biological formation layer is aligned, finally, the upper part of the bud is covered by a single-layer film and is tightly wound, the bud grafting is carried out upwards by 8-10cm along a branch, the bud grafting method is repeated, and the bud grafting is carried out for multiple times from bottom to top in sequence.
5. The matched breeding method of the Populus pentandra as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the cutting of the cut branches is carried out according to the position of the survival bud, namely, the cutting is carried out at a position 4-5cm below the survival bud, and then the cutting is carried out at a position 1-2cm above the survival bud.
6. The method for breeding populus pentandra in a matching manner according to claim 2 or 4, wherein river sand is used in the sand storage in the step (1), and the thickness of the covered sand is not less than 30 cm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the cutting pruning mode is that the lower biological end is wedge-shaped and the upper biological end is frustum-shaped.
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