CN110180559B - 一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,在本发明中采用水热法制备MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料,同时将MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料铺设在室内装饰工程中的基层板材上,固化后形成气凝胶层,在光催化条件下可降解室内产生的甲苯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉纳米复合材料、环境净化和光催化技术的技术领域,具体涉及一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂及其应用。
背景技术
20世纪70年代以来,人们越来越重视对挥发性有机化合物的研究。挥发性有机化合物是指在常压下,沸点在50-260℃之间不包括农药在内的化合物。一般主要作为有机溶剂使用,伴随其使用,进入大气中,接着随着降水以及风的传递,进入土壤及水体中,造成污染。对于室内污染,其主要来源于室内装饰、装修材料、如油漆及其溶剂、木材防腐剂、涂料、胶合板等,在常温下可释放出苯系物、甲醛等多种挥发性有机物质。挥发性有机物对环境的危害主要涉及两个方面:一方面,挥发性有机物化学活性强,在太阳光的照射下,不仅与空气中的氮氧化物及空气中的其他化学物质发生反应形成光化学烟雾;另一方面,挥发性有机物可以影响人体的呼吸系统、消化系统、免疫系统和内分泌系统,人们如果长时间接触如苯系物等化合物,可以导致“三致效应”(致癌、致畸形和致突变),挥发性有机物进入人体后,可以导致神经系统障碍,损害血液及造血器官,导致出血症或败血症。
目前,室内挥发性有机污染物的处理方法有物理吸附法、光催化氧化法、低温等离子体催化降解法、化学吸收法等。物理吸附法是最常用的空气净化技术,其优点是安全、便利、价廉,能够快速去除污染物,缺点是存在由于吸附剂吸附效率的限制导致处理效率低且存在二次污染;光催化技术能够彻底降解有机污染物,减少二次污染,其缺点是光催化剂比表面积小,量子效率低,难以实现对空气中的挥发性有机污染物的低浓度富集;低温等离子体催化降解法技术不够成熟且同时成本较高,无法大面积且长期持续的用于挥发性有机物的降解;化学吸收法容易产生二次污染。随着人们在对室内环境挥发性有机污染物的处理展开了更加深入的研究,关于利用光催化技术降解挥发性有机污染物因具有其他方法无可比拟的优点而受到人们的广泛重视。目前,常用的光催化降解催化剂是半导体材料,如TiO2、CdS、WO3、 Fe2O3、ZnO、ZnS、SnO2等。TiO2以其无毒、化学稳定性好、氧化能力强、廉价等优点成为理想的光催化剂,但是在TiO2中,容易发生光生电子和空穴的重新复合,使其催化活性大打折扣,再者,TiO2在紫外光下光催化作用下氧化降解甲苯已有初步尝试,但紫外光在太阳光谱中仅占4%,导致降解甲苯的效率较低。因此,有必要对TiO2进行改性以改进其固有缺陷。
常用的TiO2改性方法有金属、非金属的表面沉积或体相掺杂,授权公告号为CN103357424B的中国专利公开了一种用于甲苯及其衍生物选择性氧化的光催化剂,以 Cd(Ac)2·2H2O、Na2S·9H2O、钛酸正丁酯和氧化石墨烯为原料,分别得到纳米粒子组合的片状CdS、TiO2胶体、氧化石墨烯水溶液,而后通过真空自组装,最后在120℃下水热,冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥得到可见光催化剂GR-CdS-TiO2;公开号为CN108579774A的中国专利公开了一种具有光热协同作用的Z型催化剂及其应用由SrTiO3、TiO2纳米管阵列、AgBr 和Ag组成,构成Z型AgBr/Ag/SrTiO3TiNT催化剂,该催化剂可应用于光热协同催化,在较低的反应温度下可获得较高的催化活性,并且具有良好的热稳定性,便于重复利用。但是上述专利公开的都是粉末状固体光催化剂,在实际应用中难以在室内空间中实现大面积的挥发性有机物的降解,容易受室内环境的影响,出现失活等问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术所存在的上述问题,本发明提供了一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂及其应用,制得的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂为纳米气凝胶复合材料,能够通喷胶和固化在基层板材上形成气凝胶层,实现大面积且持续长久降解室内产生的甲苯,同时MoS2和TiO2的复合材料能够解决传统光催化剂TiO2的量子效率低、易失活等问题,在可见光的作用下即可实现对甲苯的高效降解。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取了以下技术方案:
一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,采用水热法制备MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料。
一种利用MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂降解甲苯的方法,将MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料铺设在室内装饰工程中的基层板材上,固化后形成气凝胶层,在光催化条件下可降解室内产生的甲苯。
进一步的,所述MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料采用喷胶和固化工艺铺设在基层板材上,具体工艺过程为:将基层板材分别进行预热,然后在预热好的板材表面喷胶,再将喷涂 MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料的基层板材经过紫外线辐射固化或自然冷却固化或降温固化,即成具有气凝胶层的板材。
一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将1.607-2.812g四水合钼酸铵溶于20-35mL去离子水中形成A溶液并始终保持A 溶液呈澄清状态;
(2)将3-5mL四氯化钛溶于25-41mL无水乙醇中形成B溶液;
(3)将A溶液和B溶液混合后进行超声处理30-60min;
(4)在经过步骤(3)处理后的A溶液和B溶液混合液中加入硫脲,磁力搅拌1-5h进行均质反应;
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的混合溶液转移至水热釜中反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,产物先后经过三次蒸馏水洗涤、离心和烘干后即得MoS2/TiO2复合材料。
(6)将经过水热反应制得的MoS2/TiO2复合材料加入到去离子水中,超声分散40-60min;
(7)将经过步骤(6)超声分散后的溶液放入冷冻干燥机,在-50℃下冷冻12-15h后开启冷冻干燥机真空泵抽真空,待冰块完全升华后得到MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)中A溶液与B溶液混合后的混合液中钛和钼的摩尔比为1:1-7。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)中硫脲为0.5-1.0g。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中水热釜的内衬为聚四氟乙烯。
进一步的,所述步骤(5)中将混合溶液转移至水热釜中,拧紧水热釜并放入恒温烘箱中,在140-160℃中反应15-24h。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明中将MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂制成纳米气凝胶复合材料,并将其固化于室内装修的基层板材上形成气凝胶层,在可见光的催化作用下能够高效氧化降解室内产生的甲苯,同时气凝胶状的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂克服传统的固体颗粒的光催化剂,在室内空间中实现大面积的铺设,提高室内甲苯的降解效率,另一方面,在基层板材上固化后形成的MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶层,具有较好的稳定性,能够不受环境变化的影响,实现长久且持续的降解甲苯。
2、本发明中利用MoS2改性TiO2,制得MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料并用于降解甲苯, MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料纯度高、结晶较好,粒径较细,分散度高,比表面大,解决了传统光催化剂TiO2的量子效率低、易失活等问题,同时MoS2也克服了TiO2只能在紫外光的作用下发生光催化氧化降解甲苯的缺点,使得MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料能够可见光的作用下产生光催化氧化反应;其中,MoS2和TiO2两个组分主要以经典载流子转移为主导,由宽禁带与窄禁带的两种半导体材料充分复合而成,复合而成的纳米材料中二氧化钛导带能级较低,二硫化钼导带能级较高,因此可以是二氧化钛上的光生电子转移到二硫化钼的导带上,空穴则留在了二氧化钛内,降低了二氧化钛和二硫化钼上光生电子和空穴的复合,提高了光催化性能进而能够高效降解甲苯;同时MoS2的光吸收波带较宽,可有效拓展光响应范围,提高光催化性能。通过调节四水合钼酸铵和四氧化钛用量,得到催化活性最优的一种复合光催化剂。
附图说明
图1为本发明MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂中Ti:Mo摩尔比为1:1、1:5及1:7时的X射线衍图;
图2为本发明MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂中Ti:Mo摩尔比为1:1、1:5及1:7时甲苯的降解率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行详细的说明。
实施例1
一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,采用水热法制备MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将1.607g四水合钼酸铵溶于20mL水中形成A溶液并始终保持A溶液呈澄清状态;
(2)将3mL四氧化钛溶于25mL无水乙醇中形成B溶液;
(3)将A溶液和B溶液混合后进行超声处理30min,A溶液与B溶液混合后的混合液中钛和钼的摩尔比为1:1;
(4)在经过步骤(3)处理后的A溶液和B溶液混合液中加入0.5g硫脲,机械搅拌1h进行均质反应;
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的混合溶液转移至50mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热釜中反应,拧紧水热釜并放入恒温烘箱中,在140℃中反应15h;反应结束后自然冷却至室温,产物先后经过三次蒸馏水洗涤、离心和烘干后即得MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂。
实施例2
一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,采用水热法制备MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将2.812g四水合钼酸铵溶于35mL水中形成A溶液并始终保持A溶液呈澄清状态;
(2)将5mL四氧化钛溶于41mL无水乙醇中形成B溶液;
(3)将A溶液和B溶液混合后进行超声处理30min,A溶液与B溶液混合后的混合液中钛和钼的摩尔比为1:5;
(4)在经过步骤(3)处理后的A溶液和B溶液混合液中加入1.0g硫脲,机械搅拌5h进行均质反应;
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的混合溶液转移至50mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热釜中反应,拧紧水热釜并放入恒温烘箱中,在160℃中反应24h;反应结束后自然冷却至室温,产物先后经过三次蒸馏水洗涤、离心和烘干后即得MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂。
实施例3
一种MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,采用水热法制备MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将2.411g四水合钼酸铵溶于30mL水中形成A溶液并始终保持A溶液呈澄清状态;
(2)将3.6mL四氧化钛溶于30mL无水乙醇中形成B溶液;
(3)将A溶液和B溶液混合后进行超声处理30min,A溶液与B溶液混合后的混合液中钛和钼的摩尔比为1:7;
(4)在经过步骤(3)处理后的A溶液和B溶液混合液中加入0.8g硫脲,机械搅拌3h进行均质反应;
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的混合溶液转移至50mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热釜中反应,拧紧水热釜并放入恒温烘箱中,在150℃中反应20h;反应结束后自然冷却至室温,产物先后经过三次蒸馏水洗涤、离心和烘干后即得MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂。
使用上述实施例1-实施例3的方法制得的MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料铺设在室内装饰工程中的基层板材上,固化后形成气凝胶层,在光催化条件下可降解室内产生的甲苯。
进一步的,所述MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料采用喷胶和固化工艺铺设在基层板材上,具体工艺过程为:将基层板材分别进行预热,然后在预热好的板材表面喷胶,再将喷涂 MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合材料的基层板材经过紫外线辐射固化或自然冷却固化或降温固化,即成具有气凝胶层的板材。
如图1所示,根据XRD的谱图信息,我们可以发现Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:1、1:5、1:7时制备得到的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂为有丰富鲜明的谱线特征的晶体,具有良好的晶型,通过实测样品与标准谱图的2θ值进行对比,可以知道利用Ti:Mo的摩尔比制得的MoS2/TiO2纳米复合材料中TiO2是锐钛矿型,利用三种Ti:Mo的摩尔比制得的样品的最强衍射峰出现在2θ为25°左右,在(101)晶面产生衍射峰,此外,还有(105)、(204)晶面产生衍射峰;其中,Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:1时在2θ为37-38°间出现杂峰,Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:5时在2θ为48°出现杂峰,所以相较于Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:1和1:5,Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:7制得的MoS2/TiO2纳米复合材料结晶效果最好,性能最高。
如图2所示,当MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂中Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:1、1:5、1:7时,利用MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂催化降解甲苯时在反应初期,降解效率均高,均达到95%以上,但是随着反应时间不断增加,Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:7时制成的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂对甲苯的降解效率保持平稳,一直能达到较高的降解率,然而Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:5和1:1时,MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂对甲苯的降解效率不断下降,Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:1的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂的降低速度大于Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:5的MoS2/TiO2复合光催化剂,主要因为随着反应时间的增加,复合光催化剂会出现失活的现象,而Ti:Mo的摩尔比为1:7制得的MoS2/TiO2纳米复合材料作为复合光催化剂,其稳定性较好,不易失活。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解甲苯的方法,其特征在于:将MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂铺设在室内装饰工程中的基层板材上,固化后形成气凝胶层,在光催化条件下降解室内产生的甲苯;其中,所述MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将1.607-2.812g四水合钼酸铵溶于20-35mL去离子水中形成A溶液并始终保持A溶液呈澄清状态;
(2)将3-5mL四氯化钛溶于25-41mL无水乙醇中形成B溶液;
(3)将一定量A溶液和一定量B溶液混合后进行超声处理30-60min,A溶液与B溶液混合后的混合液中钛和钼的摩尔比为1:(1-7);
(4)在经过步骤(3)处理后的A溶液和B溶液混合液中加入硫脲,磁力搅拌1-5h进行均质反应;
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理后的混合溶液转移至水热釜中反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,产物先后经过三次蒸馏水洗涤、离心和烘干后即得MoS2/TiO2复合材料;
(6)将经过水热反应制得的MoS2/TiO2复合材料加入到去离子水中,超声分散40-60min;
(7)将经过步骤(6)超声分散后的溶液放入冷冻干燥机,在-50℃下冷冻12-15h后开启冷冻干燥机真空泵抽真空,待冰块完全升华后得到MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解甲苯的方法,其特征在于:所述MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂采用喷胶和固化工艺铺设在基层板材上,具体工艺过程为:将基层板材进行预热,然后在预热好的板材表面喷胶,再将喷涂MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂的基层板材经过紫外线辐射固化或降温固化,即成具有气凝胶层的板材。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解甲苯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中硫脲加入量为0.5-1.0g。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解甲苯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中水热釜的内衬为聚四氟乙烯。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种MoS2/TiO2纳米气凝胶复合光催化剂光催化降解甲苯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中将混合溶液转移至水热釜中,拧紧水热釜并放入恒温烘箱中,在140-160℃中反应15-24h。
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