CN110169513B - Special feed for Tarim pigeons in brooding period and feeding method - Google Patents

Special feed for Tarim pigeons in brooding period and feeding method Download PDF

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CN110169513B
CN110169513B CN201910392304.XA CN201910392304A CN110169513B CN 110169513 B CN110169513 B CN 110169513B CN 201910392304 A CN201910392304 A CN 201910392304A CN 110169513 B CN110169513 B CN 110169513B
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CN110169513A (en
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梁雅妍
卢桂强
何道华
王泽武
刘延清
陈国胜
邱晓莉
曾映芳
陈益填
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Xinjiang Kashi Kunlun Cuiling Pigeon Industry Co ltd
Guangdong institute of poultry science
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Guangdong institute of poultry science
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a special feed for Tarim pigeons in a brooding period and a feeding method. Aiming at the growth and development characteristics of the Tarim pigeon and the current situation of local feed raw materials, corn, sunflower oil, highland barley, peas, chickpeas, linseed cakes, sunflower seed meal, safflower seed cakes, leaf powder, premix, Chinese herbal medicines, dry pomegranate slag, dry grape slag and the like are used for preparing the special feed for the Tarim pigeon in the brooding period. The feed has stable components and comprehensive nutrition, and can effectively increase daily weight gain of young pigeon, improve disease resistance of young pigeon, and reduce death rate of young pigeon. Meanwhile, the feed has good palatability and a high utilization rate of the feed for the parent pigeons. By applying the sea buckthorn, the apocynum venetum, the lycium ruthenicum murr and the like to the feed, the resistance and the growth activity of the pigeons are further improved, the health of the pigeons is ensured, and the optimal growth speed is achieved. On the other hand, the raw material resources of the local feed are fully utilized, the feed cost is reduced, and the feeding economic benefit is improved.

Description

Special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period and feeding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed for pigeons in a brooding period, in particular to a special feed for Tarim pigeons in the brooding period and a feeding method.
Background
The Tarim pigeon is mainly distributed in the western part of a Tarim basin in Xinjiang and a Tarim river basin, and is a semi-wild pigeon called phyllya doll by local residents. The Tarim pigeon belongs to a dual-purpose local pigeon species and has the characteristics of coarse feeding resistance and strong stress resistance. The pigeon meat has high protein content, low fat content and delicious meat quality.
The pigeon is one of staple food of common people of Uyghur, the market demand is large, and the pigeon raising industry is being vigorously developed in various regions of Xinjiang. However, the Tarim pigeon is scattered by farmers for a long time, the breeding technology of the farmers is lagged behind, scientific nutrition and disease prevention knowledge is lacked, the feed is added singly, the nutrition of the pigeon is unbalanced, the production performance is low, the weight of 28-day-old young pigeon is only 350g, and is about half of that of the southern meat pigeon. Compared with the developed areas for breeding the meat pigeons such as Zhujia and the like, the quality and the benefit of the Xinjiang meat pigeons are far behind. At present, meat pigeon breeding enterprises or breeding cooperative companies in Xinjiang area mostly adopt a shed breeding mode as a main mode, the pigeons are not released, and all nutrition intake of the pigeons is obtained from feed and health sand through a manual feeding mode, so that the current conventional meat pigeon feed formula needs to be adjusted, local feed raw material resources are utilized as much as possible, the quality of daily ration is improved, and the nutrition requirement of growth and breeding of the Tarim pigeons can be met.
Although the parent pigeon ruminating pigeons the young pigeons to brood like other pigeons, the rapid weight increase time of the young pigeons of the variety is half a month later than that of the other varieties. The early growth mode of the Tarim pigeon is as follows: the young pigeon of the Tarim pigeon of 0-14 days old has weak digestion and absorption capacity and slow growth, the young pigeon of 14 days old obviously grows faster, the daily gain of 3 weeks old is the largest, the utilization rate of the feed is the highest, and then the young pigeon starts to gradually decline. The feed consumption of parent pigeons during the brooding period of the Tarim pigeons increases with the increase of the daily age of the young pigeons, and the daily feed consumption of the parent pigeons reaches a peak when the young pigeons are 4 weeks old. Therefore, when preparing the special feed for the Tarim pigeon in the brooding period, the formula can be optimized by considering the digestion and absorption capacities of the young pigeons in different stages and the consumption and the feed utilization rate of parent pigeons, so that the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
The main breeding areas of the Tarim pigeon are in the regions such as the Denfu county, the Kaishi city, the Shuhler county and the Kaishi county, in the middle and subabdominal region, the regions are clear in four seasons, long in illumination, and large in change of annual temperature and daily temperature, so that the Tarim pigeon is a famous fruit county. Wherein the research of the project was carried out in the Shufu county, which was issued by the specialty of the Ministry of agriculture in China. Since fruits such as pomegranate, grape and the like are produced locally, a large amount of processing byproducts, namely pomegranate slag and grape slag, are also produced. The pomace is rich in polyphenols, vitamins and trace elements, the content of crude protein reaches 14 percent and is higher than that of corn seeds, and the feed utilization prospect is wide.
The safflower seed is a unique variety of Xinjiang, the planting area of safflower accounts for 80 percent of the whole country, the safflower seed contains various natural antioxidant substances, namely indole alkaloids, and also has the functions of diminishing inflammation and inhibiting bacteria, and the crude protein of the fully shelled safflower seed cake is up to 40 percent. In addition, Xinjiang is also the main production area of linseed and sunflower seeds, and the unconventional feed protein resources such as linseed cakes and sunflower seed meal are rich, so that the feed cost can be reduced by reasonably utilizing the resources, and the problem of insufficient supply of protein feed in Xinjiang area is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a pigeon feed formula with stable components and comprehensive nutrition aiming at the growth and development characteristics of Tarim pigeons and the current situation of local feed raw materials, and effectively improves the production performance of the Tarim pigeons.
The invention also aims to provide a feeding method for Tarim pigeons in brooding period based on the pigeon feed formula.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period comprises a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 1-14 days for young pigeons and a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 15-28 days for young pigeons, wherein:
the feed for the parent pigeons of 1-14 days old comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of corn, 4-5% of sunflower oil, 8-10% of linseed cake, 8-10% of sunflower seed meal, 6-8% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix A for pigeons, 8-10% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 4-6% of dry grape slag; wherein the leaf powder A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 15-20% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves;
the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30% of corn, 5-7% of sunflower oil, 10-15% of linseed cake, 10-15% of sunflower seed meal, 8-12% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for pigeons, 10-14% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 5-7% of dry grape slag; wherein the leaf powder B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 25-30% of grape leaves, 15-20% of locust tree leaves and 15-20% of elm tree leaves.
In some examples, the composition of the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix a for pigeons is as follows: 25-30 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 6-8 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 15-18 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-9 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 3.5-5 kg of manganese sulfate, 12-16 g of potassium iodide, 4-6 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of multivitamin (such as Rovitin FD538), 25-35 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (such as complex enzyme for Euterl laying poultry), 3-5 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 150-220 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 350-500 kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier; wherein the vitamins in the vitamin complex include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid, and biotin. The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, protease and amylase;
preferably, the multidimensional and multi-mineral premix A for the pigeons comprises the following components: each ton of the feed contains 30kg of 99 percent DL-methionine, 8kg of 98.5 percent L-lysine, 16kg of 60 percent choline chloride, 7kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of copper sulfate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 4kg of manganese sulfate, 14g of potassium iodide, 5g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex, 28kg of sodium bicarbonate, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation, 4kg of betaine, 50kg of salt, 180kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 400kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier.
In some examples, the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of sea buckthorn, 30-35% of liquorice, 5-10% of apocynum venetum, 25-30% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum;
preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: sea-buckthorn 20%, licorice 30%, apocynum venetum 10%, hawthorn 30% and black wolfberry 10%.
In some examples, the composition of the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for pigeons is as follows: each ton contains: 30-40 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 8-10 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 16-20 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-8 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 4-6 kg of manganese sulfate, 12-16 g of potassium iodide, 5-7 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of multivitamin (such as Rovitin FD538), 25-35 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (such as complex enzyme for Youlier egg poultry), 4-6 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 160-240 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 360-520 kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier; wherein the vitamins in the vitamin complex include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid, and biotin. The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, protease and amylase;
preferably, the composition of the multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix B for pigeons is as follows: each ton contains: 40kg of 99% DL-methionine, 10kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 18kg of 60% choline chloride, 8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1.2kg of copper sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 5kg of manganese sulfate, 15g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex, 30kg of baking soda, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation, 5kg of betaine, 55kg of salt, 200kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 420kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier.
In some examples, the Chinese herbal medicine B consists of, by mass: 15-20% of sea buckthorn, 35-40% of liquorice, 15-20% of apocynum venetum, 20-25% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum;
preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: sea-buckthorn 15%, licorice 40%, apocynum venetum 15%, hawthorn 25% and black wolfberry 5%.
In some examples, the leaf powder a has a mass composition of: 30% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 20% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
In some examples, the leaf powder B has a mass composition of: 20% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 30% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
In some examples, the special feed for the Tarim pigeons in the brooding period is a granular feed.
A feeding method for Tarim pigeons in brooding period comprises the following operations:
when young pigeons are 1-14 days old, the young pigeons are fed with the parent pigeons after the parent pigeons feed of the young pigeons of 1-14 days old and raw feed are mixed, the feeding is carried out for 5 times every day, the feeding amount is 6-10 g/pigeon each time, and 5-8 g/pigeon of health sand is fed every day;
when the young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the feed for the parent pigeons of 15-28 days old is mixed with raw grains and then fed to the parent pigeons, the feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, the feeding amount is 10-15 g/pigeon every time, and 8-10 g/pigeon is fed every day;
when the young pigeons are 15-18 days old, a proper amount of yeast is fed to the young pigeons every day.
In some examples, when the young pigeons are 1-14 days old, the raw feed consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25-30% of corn, 8-12% of highland barley, 40-50% of peas and 18-25% of chickpeas; preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the parent pigeons of 1-14 days old of the young pigeons is 1: 1;
when young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the raw feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50% of corn, 12-16% of highland barley, 25-35% of peas and 5-15% of chickpeas; preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons of the young pigeons is 1: 1.
in some examples, the feeding time is about 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00 at the age of 1-14 days of young pigeons respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: about 00;
when young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the feeding time is about 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: about 00.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the special feed for the Tarim pigeon in the brooding period is stable in components and comprehensive in nutrition, and can effectively improve the daily gain of the young pigeon, improve the disease resistance of the young pigeon and reduce the death rate of the young pigeon. Meanwhile, the feed has good palatability and high utilization rate of the parent pigeon feed.
The invention also applies Xinjiang specialty products with medicinal value, such as sea buckthorn, apocynum venetum, black medlar, and the like, to the pigeon formula according to a reasonable proportion, so as to improve the resistance and growth vigor of the pigeon, ensure the health of the pigeon and achieve the optimal growth speed.
The feeding method for the Tarim pigeon in the brooding period ensures the comprehensive nutrition of the parent Tarim pigeon, thereby improving the disease resistance of the young pigeon, reducing the death of the young pigeon and improving the economic benefit.
In conclusion, the invention precisely designs the feed formula, the optimal feeding time and the optimal feeding amount aiming at the physiological and growth characteristics of the Tarim pigeons, so that the pigeons are comprehensively nutritious, and the production performance is improved. On the other hand, the raw material resources of the local feed are fully utilized, the feed cost is reduced, and the feeding economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
A special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period comprises a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 1-14 days for young pigeons and a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 15-28 days for young pigeons, wherein:
the feed for the parent pigeons of 1-14 days old comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40% of corn, 4-5% of sunflower oil, 8-10% of linseed cake, 8-10% of sunflower seed meal, 6-8% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix A for pigeons, 8-10% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 4-6% of dry grape slag; wherein the leaf powder A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 15-20% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves;
the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30% of corn, 5-7% of sunflower oil, 10-15% of linseed cake, 10-15% of sunflower seed meal, 8-12% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for pigeons, 10-14% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 5-7% of dry grape slag; wherein the leaf powder B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 25-30% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves.
Experimental data show that the special feed for the Tarim pigeons in the brooding period in the proportioning range is comprehensive and sufficient in nutrition, and meanwhile, local feed raw material resources can be effectively utilized, so that waste is turned into wealth, the feed cost is reduced, and the feeding economic benefit is improved.
In some examples, the composition of the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix A for pigeons is as follows: 25-30 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 6-8 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 15-18 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-9 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 3.5-5 kg of manganese sulfate, 12-16 g of potassium iodide, 4-6 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of multivitamin (Rovietin FD538), 25-35 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of a complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Eulter egg poultry), 3-5 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 150-220 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 350-500 kg of mountain flour and the balance of a premix carrier;
preferably, the multidimensional and multi-mineral premix A for the pigeons comprises the following components: each ton of the feed contains 30kg of 99 percent DL-methionine, 8kg of 98.5 percent L-lysine, 16kg of 60 percent choline chloride, 7kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of copper sulfate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 4kg of manganese sulfate, 14g of potassium iodide, 5g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex, 28kg of sodium bicarbonate, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation, 4kg of betaine, 50kg of salt, 180kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 400kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier.
In some examples, the composition of the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for pigeons is as follows: each ton contains: 30-40 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 8-10 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 16-20 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-8 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 4-6 kg of manganese sulfate, 12-16 g of potassium iodide, 5-7 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of vitamin complex (Rovitin FD538), 25-35 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Youlier egg poultry), 4-6 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 160-240 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 360-520 kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier;
preferably, the composition of the multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix B for pigeons is as follows: each ton contains: 40kg of 99% DL-methionine, 10kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 18kg of 60% choline chloride, 8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1.2kg of copper sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 5kg of manganese sulfate, 15g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex, 30kg of baking soda, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation, 5kg of betaine, 55kg of salt, 200kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 420kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier.
The premix compound can meet the special requirements of parent pigeons and young pigeons in brooding period on vitamins and minerals, promote the growth of young pigeons and improve the resistance of young pigeons.
In some examples, the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of sea buckthorn, 30-35% of liquorice, 5-10% of apocynum venetum, 25-30% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum;
preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: sea-buckthorn 20%, licorice 30%, apocynum venetum 10%, hawthorn 30% and black wolfberry 10%.
In some examples, the Chinese herbal medicine B consists of, by mass: 15-20% of sea buckthorn, 35-40% of liquorice, 15-20% of apocynum venetum, 20-25% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum;
preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: sea-buckthorn 15%, licorice 40%, apocynum venetum 15%, hawthorn 25% and black wolfberry 5%.
The Chinese herbal medicines have wide local sources and low cost, and can further improve the disease resistance of the young pigeons.
In some examples, the leaf powder a has a mass composition of: 30% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 20% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
In some examples, the leaf powder B has a mass composition of: 20% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 30% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
The leaf powder can meet partial requirements of the pigeons on nutrition, can also effectively increase cellulose, and is beneficial to improving the pelleting effect of the feed.
In order to facilitate pecking and avoid picking of the parent pigeons, so that the parent pigeons can be fully supplied with nutrients, in some examples, the special feed for the Tarim pigeons in the brooding period is granular feed. All the components are crushed, mixed evenly and then granulated.
A feeding method for Tarim pigeons in brooding period comprises the following operations:
when the young pigeons are 1 to 14 days old, the parent pigeons are fed after the parent pigeons feed of the young pigeons of 1 to 14 days old and raw feed are mixed, the parent pigeons are fed for 5 times every day, the feeding amount is 6 to 10 g/pigeon each time, and 5 to 8 g/pigeon is fed every day;
when the young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the feed for the parent pigeons of 15-28 days old is mixed with raw grains and then fed to the parent pigeons, the feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, the feeding amount is 10-15 g/pigeon every time, and 8-10 g/pigeon is fed every day;
when the young pigeons are 15-18 days old, a proper amount of yeast is fed to the young pigeons every day.
In some examples, the raw feed consists of the following raw materials in mass at 1-14 days of age of the young pigeons: 25-30% of corn, 8-12% of highland barley, 40-50% of peas and 18-25% of chickpeas; preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the parent pigeons of 1-14 days old of the young pigeons is 1: 1;
when young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the raw feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50% of corn, 12-16% of highland barley, 25-35% of peas and 5-15% of chickpeas; preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons of the young pigeons is 1: 1.
in some examples, the feeding time is about 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00 at the age of 1-14 days of young pigeons respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: about 00;
when young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the feeding time is about 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: about 00.
When young pigeons are 1-14 days old, the parent pigeons are fed with feed in a mode of 50% of raw grain and 50% of granular material, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
raw grain: 25-30% of corn, 8-12% of highland barley, 40-50% of peas and 18-25% of chickpeas.
Particle material: 30-40% of corn, 4-5% of sunflower oil, 8-10% of linseed cake, 8-10% of sunflower seed meal, 6-8% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of premix, 8-10% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 4-6% of dry grape slag. The raw materials are cleaned, crushed, uniformly mixed according to the proportion, and then subjected to quenching, tempering and granulation to finally prepare granules with the diameter of 2 mm.
Wherein the leaf powder comprises the following components: 30-35% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 15-20% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves.
Wherein each ton of premix comprises the following components: 25-40 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 8-10 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 15-18 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-9 kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.8-1.2 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 3.5-5 kg of manganese sulfate, 12-16 g of potassium iodide, 4-6 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of multivitamin (Rovit FD538), 25-30 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Youler laying fowl), 3-5 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 150-220 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 350-500 kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier. The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid and biotin. The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, protease and amylase.
Wherein, the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components: 20-25% of sea buckthorn, 30-35% of liquorice, 5-10% of apocynum venetum, 25-30% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum.
The feeding method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing raw grains and granular materials according to the weight ratio of 1:1, feeding for 5 times every day for 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 6-10 g/pigeon, the feeding amount of the first and the last two times is slightly more than that of the middle three times, and properly adjusting the feeding amount according to the feed intake of the pigeons to achieve no residual material in each meal.
15:00 per day, 5-8 g/sand is added into the health sand cup, and the remaining health sand in the previous day is cleaned before the health sand is added. In winter, 2-4 g/sand of brown sugar is additionally added into the health sand.
When young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the parent pigeons are fed with feed in a mode of 50% of raw grain and 50% of granular material, and the feed formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
raw grain: 40-50% of corn, 12-16% of highland barley, 25-35% of peas and 5-15% of chickpeas.
And (3) granule materials: 20-30% of corn, 5-7% of sunflower oil, 10-15% of linseed cake, 10-15% of sunflower seed meal, 8-12% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder, 8-10% of premix, 10-14% of Chinese herbal medicines, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 5-7% of dry grape slag. The raw materials are cleaned, crushed, uniformly mixed according to the proportion, and then subjected to tempering and granulation to finally prepare granules with the diameter of 2 mm.
Wherein the leaf powder comprises the following components: 15-20% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 25-30% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves.
Wherein each ton of premix comprises the following components: 25-35 kg of 99% DL-methionine, 6-8 kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 15-18 kg of 60% choline chloride, 6-8 kg of ferrous sulfate, 1-1.4 kg of copper sulfate, 4-6 kg of zinc sulfate, 3-5 kg of manganese sulfate, 10-14 g of potassium iodide, 5-7 g of sodium selenite, 6-9 kg of vitamin complex (Rovietin FD538), 25-35 kg of baking soda, 2.5-3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Euteres egg poultry), 4-6 kg of betaine, 40-60 kg of salt, 160-240 kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 320-480 kg of mountain flour and the balance of premix carrier. The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid and biotin. The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, protease and amylase.
Wherein, the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components: 15-20% of sea buckthorn, 35-40% of liquorice, 15-20% of apocynum venetum, 15-20% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum.
The feeding method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing raw grains and granular materials according to the weight ratio of 1:1, feeding for 4 times every day for 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 10-15 g/pigeon, the feeding amount of the first and the last times is slightly more than that of the middle two times, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the feed intake of the pigeons so as to achieve no residual material in each meal.
15:00 per day, 8-10 g of health sand is added into the health sand cup, and the health sand left in the previous day is cleaned before the health sand is added.
When young pigeons are 15-18 days old, half yeast tablets are fed every day.
Test 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals
24 pairs of parent pigeons and 48 young pigeons are provided by the Limited liability company of the kingdom of Xinjiang Kaishuinlun delphing and have similar egg laying and lactation performances in the same batch.
1.2 design of the experiment
The 36 pairs of parent pigeons were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups of 3 replicates each, 4 pairs of parent pigeons each feeding 2 young pigeons. Each group of the health sand is fed independently in the test. Wherein, the group I parent pigeons are fed with the daily ration of the formula in the example 1, and the group II parent pigeons are fed with the daily ration of the formula shown in the table 1 (the premix adopts a Hui Lin brand 4% premix for breeding hens 3080). The young pigeons do not eat the feed in the test period, and the nutrition of the young pigeons needs to be supplied by parent pigeons. The test period is 28 days from the young pigeon to the end of the young pigeon 4 weeks old.
TABLE 1 diet composition and Nutrition level calculations
Figure 319622DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Note: the leaf powder used at 1-14 days in the table consists of: 30% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 20% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves; the Chinese herbal medicines comprise: 20% of sea buckthorn, 30% of liquorice, 10% of apocynum venetum, 30% of hawthorn and 10% of lycium ruthenicum; the premix comprises the following components: each ton of the feed contains 30kg of 99 percent DL-methionine, 8kg of 98.5 percent L-lysine, 16kg of 60 percent choline chloride, 7kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of copper sulfate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 4kg of manganese sulfate, 14g of potassium iodide, 5g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex (Rovitin FD538), 28kg of baking soda, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Eulter fowls), 4kg of betaine, 50kg of salt, 180kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 400kg of mountain flour and the balance of premix carriers;
the leaf powder used in 15-28 days old comprises the following components: 20% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 30% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves; the Chinese herbal medicine comprises the following components: 15% of sea-buckthorn, 40% of liquorice, 15% of apocynum venetum, 25% of hawthorn and 5% of black wolfberry; the premix comprises the following components: each ton contains: 40kg of 99% DL-methionine, 10kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 18kg of 60% choline chloride, 8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1.2kg of copper sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 5kg of manganese sulfate, 15g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex (Rovitin FD538), 30kg of baking soda, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation (complex enzyme for Euter laying poultry), 5kg of betaine, 55kg of salt, 200kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 420kg of mountain flour and the balance of premix carriers.
1.3 Breeding management mode
The pigeons can freely eat, and the feeding, water supply, illumination, sanitation and epidemic prevention are carried out according to the original system of the pigeon farm.
1.4 measurement index and method
And recording the weight of the young pigeons by taking the repetition as a unit at the ages of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks respectively, calculating the average daily gain of the young pigeons, and weighing the young pigeons on an empty stomach before feeding in the morning. The number of dead young pigeons is recorded every day, and the mortality is counted.
1.5 data analysis
All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS22.0 statistical software to test for differential significance analysis, and the results are expressed as "mean ± sem".
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different daily formulas on the average daily gain of young pigeons in the test groups (see Table 2).
TABLE 2 average daily gain of young pigeon in different experimental groups [ g/(d. only) ]
The week of the year Group I Group II
1 3.4±0.2 3.1±0.1
2 14.6±0.7 14.2±0.5
3 19.3±0.5 18.4±0.3
4 11.0±0.8 10.2±0.6
Full period of the test 12.2±0.8 11.4±0.7
As can be seen from Table 2, the daily gain of each week of the group I using the daily ration formula of example 1 was higher than that of the group II from the age of the pigeon at 1 week, and the average daily gain was increased by 4.9% in the third week and by 7% in the whole period of the test.
2.4 Effect of different protein level mixtures on Young pigeon mortality (see Table 3)
TABLE 3 mortality of young pigeons of different test groups
Group of Group I Group II
Mortality rate 2.3% 2.9%
As can be seen from Table 3, the mortality rate in test I group was only 2.3% and 20.7% lower than that in test II group at the whole test period.
The experimental results show that by adopting the feed formula, the daily gain of the young pigeons can be obviously improved, so that the young pigeons can reach the market weight more quickly, the cost is saved, the resistance of the young pigeons is increased, the death rate of the young pigeons is obviously reduced, and the breeding economic benefit is improved.
Test 2
1 materials and methods
1.1 test animals
18 pairs of parent pigeons and 36 young pigeons which are provided by the Limited responsibility company of the Xinjiang Kaishi deluge dove industry and have similar egg laying and lactation performances in the same batch.
1.2 design of the experiment
The 36 pairs of parent pigeons were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups, each treatment group had 3 replicates, each replicate 3 pairs of breeder pigeons, each pair of parent pigeons feeding 2 young pigeons. The formula of the daily ration for feeding the two test groups is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the health sand is independently fed. The young pigeons do not eat feed in the test period, and the nutrition needs to be supplied by the parent pigeons. The test period is 28 days from the young pigeon to the end of the young pigeon 4 weeks old.
1.3 Breeding management mode
Test I group adopted the feeding method of example 1, and test II group adopted free feeding; the two groups of illumination, sanitation and epidemic prevention are carried out according to the existing system of the pigeon farm.
1.4 measurement index and method
The feed consumption and the weight of the breeding pigeons are recorded by taking the repetition as a unit at the ages of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the young pigeons respectively, and the average daily feed intake and the laying interval of the breeding pigeons (from the breeding pigeons to the time from feeding the pigeons to laying the next time) are calculated for each pair of the breeding pigeons. Weighing was done on empty stomach before feeding in the morning.
1.5 data analysis
All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS22.0 statistical software to test for differential significance analysis, and the results are expressed as "mean ± sem".
2 results and analysis
2.1 influence of different feeding modes on average daily feed intake and egg laying interval of breeding pigeons (see Table 4)
TABLE 4 influence of different feeding methods on average daily feed intake and egg laying interval of breeding pigeons
Group of Average daily food intake [ g/(d. only)] Egg laying interval (d)
Group I 45.3±4.8 30.8±2.3
Group II 42.4±3.2 32.0±3.1
As can be seen from Table 4, the average daily feed intake of the first pigeon was 6.8% higher than that of the second pigeon. The egg laying interval of the test group I is shortened by 1.8 days compared with that of the test group II.
2.2 Effect of different feeding methods on average Young pigeon weight (see Table 5)
TABLE 5 influence of different feeding methods on the average weight of young pigeons [ g/(d.only) ]
The week of the year Group I Group II
1 25.9±1.5 24.0±1.4
2 118.2±11.3 115.5±11.2
3 256.4±21.6 245.6±23.7
4 343.1±27.4 312.7±29.6
As can be seen from the above table, the weights of the young pigeons in the group I are increased by 9.7% compared with the group II at the fourth week.
Through the two experimental observations, the product of the invention has rich and balanced nutrition, 50 percent of raw materials are fed in the form of raw grains, the favor of pigeon pecking the raw grains is met, and 50 percent of raw materials are prepared into granules to supplement comprehensive nutrition and avoid the picky eating of pigeon; the invention adopts the regular and quantitative feeding, and the feed is supplied according to the growth needs of the Tarim pigeon and the material consumption of the parent pigeon, thereby being beneficial to causing the appetite of the pigeon, avoiding food pickles and reducing waste, and being superior to the traditional feeding mode. The invention enhances the disease resistance of young pigeons, conforms to the growth and development standard, has high survival rate and high uniformity of pigeon groups, and fully exerts the maximum genetic potential of the laying pigeons.

Claims (8)

1. A special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period comprises a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 1-14 days and a feed for a parent pigeon at an age of 15-28 days, wherein the feed comprises the following components:
the feed for the parent pigeons of 1-14 days old comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40% of corn, 4-5% of sunflower oil, 8-10% of linseed cake, 8-10% of sunflower seed meal, 6-8% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder A, 5-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix A8 for pigeons, 3-10% of Chinese herbal medicine A8, 4-6% of dry pomegranate slag and 4-6% of dry grape slag; wherein the leaf powder A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 15-20% of grape leaves, 15-20% of locust tree leaves and 15-20% of elm tree leaves; the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-25% of sea buckthorn, 30-35% of liquorice, 5-10% of apocynum venetum, 25-30% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum; the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix A for the pigeons comprises the following components: each ton of the feed contains 30kg of 99 percent DL-methionine, 8kg of 98.5 percent L-lysine, 16kg of 60 percent choline chloride, 7kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of copper sulfate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 4kg of manganese sulfate, 14g of potassium iodide, 5g of sodium selenite, 6kg of compound vitamin, 28kg of sodium bicarbonate, 3.75kg of compound enzyme preparation, 4kg of betaine, 50kg of salt, 180kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 400kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier;
the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30% of corn, 5-7% of sunflower oil, 10-15% of linseed cake, 10-15% of sunflower seed meal, 8-12% of safflower seed cake, 5-7% of leaf powder B, 8-10% of multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for pigeons, 10-14% of Chinese herbal medicine B, 4-6% of dry pomegranate residue and 5-7% of dry grape residue; wherein the leaf powder B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of boxthorn leaves, 5-10% of maca leaves, 25-30% of grape leaves, 15-20% of pagodatree leaves and 15-20% of elm leaves; the Chinese herbal medicine B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15-20% of sea buckthorn, 35-40% of liquorice, 15-20% of apocynum venetum, 20-25% of hawthorn and 5-10% of lycium ruthenicum; the multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix B for the pigeons comprises the following components: each ton contains: 40kg of 99% DL-methionine, 10kg of 98.5% L-lysine, 18kg of 60% choline chloride, 8kg of ferrous sulfate, 1.2kg of copper sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 5kg of manganese sulfate, 15g of potassium iodide, 6g of sodium selenite, 6kg of vitamin complex, 30kg of baking soda, 3.75kg of complex enzyme preparation, 5kg of betaine, 55kg of salt, 200kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 420kg of stone powder and the balance of premix carrier.
2. The special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period according to claim 1, wherein the special feed comprises: the Chinese herbal medicine A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20% of sea buckthorn, 30% of liquorice, 10% of apocynum venetum, 30% of hawthorn and 10% of lycium ruthenicum.
3. The special feed for Tarim pigeon in brooding period according to claim 2, wherein the special feed comprises: the Chinese herbal medicine B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15% of sea buckthorn, 40% of liquorice, 15% of apocynum venetum, 25% of hawthorn and 5% of lycium ruthenicum.
4. The feed special for Tarim pigeon in brooding period as claimed in claim 3, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the leaf powder A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 20% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
5. The feed special for Tarim pigeon in brooding period as claimed in claim 4, wherein the feed comprises the following components: the leaf powder B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of boxthorn leaves, 10% of maca leaves, 30% of grape leaves, 20% of pagoda tree leaves and 20% of elm tree leaves.
6. A feeding method for Tarim pigeons in brooding period comprises the following operations:
when young pigeons are 1-14 days old, feeding the young pigeons by using the parent pigeons feed of 1-14 days old of young pigeons according to any one of claims 1-5 and raw grain after mixing, wherein the feeding is performed for 5 times every day, the feeding amount is 6-10 g/pigeon per time, and 5-8 g/pigeon per day is fed with health sand; the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the 1-14-day-old parent pigeons of the young pigeons is 1: 1;
when young pigeons are 15-28 days old, feeding the young pigeons by using the feed for the young pigeons 15-28 days old according to any one of claims 1-5 and raw grain after mixing, wherein the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, the feeding amount is 10-15 g/pigeon per time, and 8-10 g/pigeon per day is fed with health sand; the mass mixing ratio of the raw feed to the feed for the 15-28-day-old parent pigeons of the young pigeons is 1: 1;
when the young pigeons are 15-18 days old, a proper amount of yeast is fed to the young pigeons every day.
7. The feeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the young pigeons are 1-14 days old, the raw feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% of corn, 8-12% of highland barley, 40-50% of peas and 18-25% of chickpeas;
when the young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the raw feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of corn, 12-16% of highland barley, 25-35% of peas and 5-15% of chickpeas.
8. The feeding method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: when young pigeons are 1-14 days old, the feeding time is 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00 respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: 00;
when the young pigeons are 15-28 days old, the feeding time is 8:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 respectively; the feeding time of the health sand is 15: 00.
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