CN107691874B - Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107691874B
CN107691874B CN201711139396.8A CN201711139396A CN107691874B CN 107691874 B CN107691874 B CN 107691874B CN 201711139396 A CN201711139396 A CN 201711139396A CN 107691874 B CN107691874 B CN 107691874B
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vitamin
parts
jinling
alfalfa
kudzu
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CN107691874A (en
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易显凤
邓素媛
赖大伟
庞天德
史静
黄丽
曹树威
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Animal Husbandry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/174Vitamins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30Oligoelements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11Lactobacillus

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Botany (AREA)
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  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of chicken feeds, and particularly relates to a Jinling flower chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials and a preparation method thereof. The feed for the Jinling spotted chickens is prepared from purple elephant grass, alfalfa, kudzu, vitamin premix, mineral premix, salt and microbial compound bacteria. The Jinling partridge chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials achieves energy-protein balance and good palatability, improves daily feed intake and daily weight gain of Jinling partridge chickens, improves laying rate, protein content of eggs and eggshell hardness, and reduces fat and cholesterol content of the eggs.

Description

Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials and preparation method thereof
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of chicken feeds, in particular to a Jinling flower chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The modern large-scale animal husbandry feeding mode improves the production speed and brings many problems, the quality of animal products is reduced, various diseases are easy to occur to livestock and poultry, and the harm to the health of human beings caused by adding a large amount of antibiotic medicines and additives in the feed affects the healthy development of animal husbandry in China. The high-quality feed is a guarantee for producing high-quality livestock products, and at present, the quality and quality of the livestock and poultry products are urgently needed to be improved in China, and the feed is beneficial to the healthy growth of animals and beneficial and harmless to the health of consumers. China has a lot of plant resources, contains a lot of active substances and nutrient components, has very high medicinal value and special functions, reasonably selects, develops and utilizes the plants, extracts beneficial components and adds the beneficial components into feed, and is an effective way for improving the production performance of livestock and poultry, ensuring the safety of livestock products and producing high-quality feed.
The Jinling spotted chicken is characterized in that: the whole cock has the advantages of red and numb feather, Chinese ephedra feather, fast growth, plump breast muscle, high economic benefit and fast fund returning. The disadvantages are low laying rate, low protein content and shell hardness of the eggs, and high fat and cholesterol content in the eggs.
The purple elephant grass likes warm and humid climate, has wide adaptability, and can be planted in tropical and subtropical areas with elevation below 1000m and annual precipitation above 700 mm. The leaves can live through the winter in southwest area, and the leaves can wither in northwest area, but the underground part can safely live through the winter. The method has the advantages of strong adaptability, fast growth, good reproducibility, high yield of the fresh hay, fertilizer resistance, drought resistance, acid resistance, strong lodging resistance, capability of being used for 10-15 years after 1 planting and low planting cost. However, the purple elephant grass has low protein content and high crude fiber content, and the single use of the purple elephant grass cannot meet the requirement of the chicken on protein nutrition.
The alfalfa belongs to perennial leguminous plants, has high protein content, rich nutrition and wide application, is widely planted in China, can be mixed into the daily ration of laying poultry to deepen the color, can improve the fertility when being fed to the laying poultry, can increase the skin pigmentation when being fed to broilers, and has large utilization space. Meanwhile, because the market price of the alfalfa is high, the excessive use of the alfalfa also increases the feeding cost. Currently, alfalfa is used primarily for the preparation of hay bales or pieces. But the soluble sugar content of the alfalfa is too low, and the sugar content of the alfalfa is only 3.72 percent; the alfalfa is rich in saponin, wherein the saponin is an anti-nutritional factor, and can inhibit rumen microbial fermentation and inhibit the digestion of nutrient substances in the digestive tract; animals often suffer from rumen expansion when eating a large amount of alfalfa at one time, and the normal digestive function of rumen is further influenced. Therefore, in the actual cultivation production, the single use of the alfalfa not only increases the feeding cost, but also the anti-nutritional factor saponin contained in the alfalfa is not beneficial to the digestion and absorption of the nutrient substances.
Pueraria lobata, also known as Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii, is a perennial Pueraria plant belonging to the family Leguminosae, and has 17 species in China, with the exception of Tibet and Xinjiang provinces. The growth of the kudzu has low requirement on environmental conditions, is barren-resistant, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, and the flowers and the root tubers of the kudzu are rich in nutrient substances and can be eaten and used for medicine; the tender stem and leaf of kudzu vine have good palatability and are excellent feed sources. According to the authority experts of the organizations such as the world food and agriculture organization, the kudzu is expected to become the sixth food crop in the 21 st century (Zhang Yuan, 2007). Protein forage grass is lacked in summer and autumn in south China, high-quality forage grass is unbalanced in supply time, kudzu serves as forage grass with high protein content, rattans grow vigorously, and green feed can be provided all the year round. However, at present, people have less research on the kudzu as a feed crop, so that the improvement of the research on the feeding characteristics of the kudzu and the enhancement of the importance on the feeding value of the kudzu can help to promote the development of the animal husbandry in China.
At present, no report exists for feeding Jinling chicken by comprehensively utilizing purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu.
[ summary of the invention ]
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the Jinling flower chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials, the chicken feed is balanced in energy and protein and comprehensive in nutrition, the laying rate of Jinling flower laying hens, the protein content of eggs and the hardness of eggshells can be improved, the contents of fat and cholesterol in the eggs are reduced, and the production cost is low.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a feed for Jinling partridge chicken is prepared from purple grass, alfalfa, kudzu vine, premixed vitamin feed, premixed mineral material, edible salt, and composite microbe.
Further, the feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 700-800 parts of purple elephant grass, 200-300 parts of alfalfa, 200-300 parts of kudzu, 2-5 parts of vitamin premix, 0.6-0.8 part of mineral premix, 20-50 parts of salt and 0.8-1 part of microbial compound bacteria.
Preferably, the material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 750 parts of purple elephant grass, 280 parts of alfalfa, 260 parts of kudzu, 3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.7 part of mineral premix, 30 parts of salt and 0.9 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
In the invention, the microbial compound bacteria comprise saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and lactobacillus.
In the invention, the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin and folic acid.
In the invention, the mineral premix comprises magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: vitamin A20mg/kg, vitamin D310mg/kg, vitamin K320mg/kg, vitamin E400mg/kg, vitamin B110mg/kg, vitamin B215mg/kg, vitamin B615mg/kg, vitamin B128mg/kg, 100mg/kg nicotinic acid, 1000mg/kg vitamin C, 40mg/kg calcium pantothenate, 200mg/kg inositol, 2mg/kg biotin, 10mg/kg folic acid;
the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: MgSO4 & 5H2O2000mg/kg,FeSO4·H2O300mg/kg,ZnSO4·H2O220mg/kg,MnSO4·H2O25mg/kg,CuSO4·5H2O10mg/kg;
The method for preparing the feed for the Jinling spotted-brown chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu according to a proportion, crushing and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) inoculating the microorganism compound bacteria into the mixture obtained in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 10 days to obtain a fermented product;
(3) and (3) mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step (2) with vitamin premix, mineral premix and salt, and drying at 20-40 ℃ to obtain the feed for the Jinling spotted chickens.
The feed for the Jinling Huaji with the purple elephant grass, the alfalfa and the kudzu as the main materials achieves the following effects in use:
1. the purple elephant grass and the alfalfa are combined, so that the energy-protein balance is achieved, the palatability of the feed is improved, the daily feed intake of the Jinling spotted-brown chickens is increased, and the daily weight gain is increased; the vitamins and minerals in the feed meet the nutritional requirements of the chickens in the Jinling flowers, and ensure the rapid growth of the chickens in the Jinling flowers.
2. The kudzu in the feed promotes the golden holy flower chicken to absorb purple elephant grass and alfalfa, improves the laying rate of the golden holy flower chicken, the protein content and the eggshell hardness of eggs, and reduces the contents of egg fat and cholesterol.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1
The Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 700 parts of purple elephant grass, 300 parts of alfalfa, 200 parts of kudzu, 5 parts of vitamin premix, 0.6 part of mineral premix, 50 parts of salt and 0.8 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
Wherein the microorganism composite bacteria is formed by mixing 10 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 8 parts by weight of candida utilis and 7 parts by weight of lactobacillus.
The vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin and folic acid.
The mineral premix comprises magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
The method for preparing the feed for the Jinling spotted chickens comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu according to a proportion, crushing and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) respectively inoculating saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida utilis and lactobacillus to the mixture obtained in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 10 days to obtain a fermented product;
(3) and (3) mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step (2) with vitamin premix, mineral premix and salt, and drying at 20-40 ℃ to obtain the feed for the Jinling spotted chickens.
Example 2
The Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 800 parts of purple elephant grass, 200 parts of alfalfa, 300 parts of kudzu, 2 parts of vitamin premix, 0.8 part of mineral premix, 20 parts of salt and 1 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
Wherein the microorganism composite bacteria is formed by mixing 10 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 8 parts by weight of candida utilis and 7 parts by weight of lactobacillus.
The vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin and folic acid.
The mineral premix comprises magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
The preparation of this example is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The Jinling chicken feed taking purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 750 parts of purple elephant grass, 280 parts of alfalfa, 260 parts of kudzu, 3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.7 part of mineral premix, 30 parts of salt and 0.9 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
Wherein the microorganism composite bacteria is formed by mixing 10 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 8 parts by weight of candida utilis and 7 parts by weight of lactobacillus.
The vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin and folic acid.
The mineral premix comprises magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
The preparation of this example is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
The chicken feed of the comparative example 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 700 parts of purple elephant grass, 300 parts of alfalfa, 5 parts of vitamin premix, 0.6 part of mineral premix, 50 parts of salt and 0.8 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
Wherein, the components and contents of the microorganism compound bacteria, the vitamin premix and the mineral premix are the same as those in the example 1, and the preparation method of the comparative example is the same as that in the example 1.
Experimental example 1 use control test of the Chicken feed of the present invention
The experimental animals selected the Jinling Hua laying hens aged 320 days and with basically consistent weights, and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 80 chickens each. The 3 groups were fed with the feed of comparative example 1, example 1 and example 2, respectively. The experimental animals are kept in cages, and are fed with water and water freely, and the temperature, the humidity and the illumination in the cages are controlled. The pre-test period is 7 days, and the normal test period is 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the fasting chickens after 24h of fasting were weighed individually. And (4) recording the egg laying number and the total egg weight every day, counting feed intake for 1 time every week, and calculating the daily average egg laying number, the average daily egg laying amount, the average daily feed intake and the feed-egg ratio.
The measurement indexes and methods are as follows:
laying rate (%): and accurately recording the number of eggs laid per day by taking the repeated groups as units, calculating the laying rate per week, and calculating the average laying rate in the test period according to the laying rate per week.
Egg production (g/day): and accurately recording the weight of eggs laid every day by taking the repeated groups as units, calculating the egg laying amount every week, and calculating the average egg laying amount in the test period according to the egg laying amount every week.
Egg weight (g/egg): and calculating the average egg weight per week by taking the repeated groups as units according to the egg laying weight and the egg laying number per day, and calculating the average egg weight in the test period according to the average egg weight per week.
Feed intake (g/day): and taking the repeated group as a unit, weighing the residual material amount by adopting a bag cleaning method after the last feeding on the day after each week, determining the feed consumption in the week, and calculating the average feed intake in the test period.
Material-egg ratio: and calculating the corresponding feed-egg ratio by taking the repeated groups as units according to the feed intake and the egg yield.
The statistical list of experimental results is as follows:
example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
Number of experimental chickens (only) 80 80 80 80
Laying rate (%) 90.11 91.32 92.10 88.16
Material to egg ratio 1.94:1 1.91:1 1.90:1 2.0:1
Color of egg shell Better and lustrous It is preferable that the amount of the organic solvent is,has luster Better and lustrous In general
Thickness of eggshell 44.6 45.2 44.8 37.2
Weight borne by the eggshell (kilograms) 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.62
And (4) analyzing results: compared with the comparative example 1, the feed of the Jinling flower laying hens in the examples 1 to 3 can obviously improve the laying rate and the eggshell hardness of the laying hens.
The results of the nutrition tests of the eggs obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 are as follows:
nutritional index of egg Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
ProteinContent (Wt%) 14.9 13.5 15.2 11.8
Fat content (Wt%) 9.5 9.2 9.1 12.5
Cholesterol content (mg/100g) 298 310 285 410
And (4) analyzing results: compared with the comparative example 1, the feed of the Jinling flower laying hens fed by the feed of the examples 1 to 3 has higher protein content and lower fat and cholesterol content.
The application of the kudzu in the feed for the chickens prepared from the Jinling Huaji is proved to improve the daily feed intake and daily gain of the Jinling Huaji, improve the laying rate, the protein content of eggs and the hardness of eggshells, and reduce the fat and cholesterol content of the eggs.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The feed for the Jinling spotted chickens is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 700-800 parts of purple elephant grass, 200-300 parts of alfalfa, 200-300 parts of kudzu, 2-5 parts of vitamin premix, 0.6-0.8 part of mineral premix, 20-50 parts of salt and 0.8-1 part of microbial compound bacteria;
the microorganism composite bacteria is formed by mixing 10 parts by weight of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 8 parts by weight of candida utilis and 7 parts by weight of lactobacillus;
the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin and folic acid;
the mineral premix comprises magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate pentahydrate.
2. The feed for the Jinling partridge chickens, which takes purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu as main materials, according to claim 1, is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 750 parts of purple elephant grass, 280 parts of alfalfa, 260 parts of kudzu, 3 parts of vitamin premix, 0.7 part of mineral premix, 30 parts of salt and 0.9 part of microorganism composite bacteria.
3. A method for preparing the feed for the Jinling partridge chickens according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing purple elephant grass, alfalfa and kudzu according to a proportion, crushing and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) inoculating the microorganism compound bacteria into the mixture obtained in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 10 days to obtain a fermented product;
(3) and (3) mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step (2) with vitamin premix, mineral premix and salt, and drying at 20-40 ℃ to obtain the feed for the Jinling spotted chickens.
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