CN105432988A - TMR daily ration for improving productivity of yaks in cold seasons, and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
TMR daily ration for improving productivity of yaks in cold seasons, and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432988A CN105432988A CN201510938731.5A CN201510938731A CN105432988A CN 105432988 A CN105432988 A CN 105432988A CN 201510938731 A CN201510938731 A CN 201510938731A CN 105432988 A CN105432988 A CN 105432988A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry culture, and especially relates to a TMR daily ration for improving the productivity of yaks in cold seasons, and a feeding method thereof. The TMR daily ration comprises, by weight, 100-130 parts of green hay, 80-110 parts of a base concentrate, 2-4 parts of a premix and 60-90 parts of water. The TMR daily ration can reduce the grazing pressure of grasslands in the cold seasons, reduces the energy consumption of yaks in the grazing activity process in the cold seasons, alleviates the grazing weight loss, and improves the calamity resistance; and the TMR daily ration has the advantages of balanced nutrition, good palatability, increase of the food intake and the forage grass resource utilization rate, maintenance of the stable state of rumen microbes, reduction of the disease incidence, promotion of growth of the yaks, substantial improvement of the total weight gain, the mean daily weight gain and the culture benefits of the yaks in the cold seasons, and yield and benefit increase. The TMR daily ration is in favor of realizing precise and large-scale yak culture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock-raising field, particularly relate to a kind of TMR daily ration and the feeding method of improving yak cold season production performance.
Background technology
Husbandry sector is Qinghai-Tibet Main Economic basis, and especially yak cultivation is the major source of revenues of Alpine-arctic Pastoral herdsman.In recent years, pastoral area domestic animal breeding stock constantly expands, under tradition herds production model, yak cultivation depends on native pasture unduly, pasture overgraze, cause deterioration of grasslands serious, Productivity declines, and forage yield and quality significantly reduce, the aggravation of contradictions of grass poultry, cause production of yak benefit low, cultivation income is poor.
The grassland ecological environment caused due to this traditional pattern of herding destroys, economic well-being of workers and staff is low.The novel production model that herdsman is also progressively familiar with and accepts warm season and herds, the two-part cultivation of cold-worked hole, this " warm herd cold raising " can impel yak to continue weightening finish at cold season, improves anti-harm ability, increases the economic output of cold season cultivation.
But in remote pastoral area, herdsman plant the oat of small size near family, after cradling results in the fall, directly airing is preserved, and provide food supply when cold season herbage is deficient, this is the supplementary feeding mode that pastoral area generally adopts.But it is low to there is oat hay nutrient content in this mode, the shortcoming of supplementary feeding weak effect.In addition, in the producers' cooperative comparatively concentrated, fatten the regions such as base, major part employing agricultural byproducts are made fattening feed through the operation such as mix and match, boiling and are carried out yak supplementary feeding, can promote that yak cold season grows, but there is waste labour, the problems such as feed collocation is not accurate.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of TMR daily ration and the feeding method of improving yak cold season production performance, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Improve a TMR daily ration for yak cold season production performance, count by weight, comprise green hay 100-130 part, basic fine fodder 80-110 part, premix 2-4 part, moisture 60-90 part.
Preferably, the raw material of described basic fine fodder comprises corn, wheat, highland barley, wheat bran, beans cypress, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, dibastic sodium phosphate and stone flour salt.
Preferably, the nutrition composition in described basic fine fodder comprises dry >=86%, crude protein >=14%, crude fibre≤8.8%, coarse ash≤7.0%, salt 0.3-0.9%, calcium 0.6-1.2%, phosphorus >=0.6%.
Preferably, premix comprises feeding vitamin, trace element, amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and NSP enzyme.
Preferably, green hay is the oat green hay of harvesting mid-October then, and break into the square bale of 19-22kg after harvesting, ventilation saves backup, and avoids going mouldy; The hay that goes mouldy prohibits the use.
A kind of above-mentioned preparation method improving the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance, green hay 100-130 part, basic fine fodder 80-110 part, premix 2-4 part, moisture 60-90 part is dropped into successively in TMR agitator, abundant stirring 35-55 minute, makes TMR daily ration balanced in nutrition.
A feeding method for above-mentioned TMR daily ration, comprises the steps;
The yak of cold-worked hole is treated in screening, introduces brooder and carries out expelling parasite and epidemic prevention, through scheduling to last the laundering period of 5-8 days; By TMR daily ration, every day early 8:00-9:00 and afternoon 5:30-6:30, through 5-8 days, gradually to be fed by few more, determine the average daily feed intake of yak; Every day early 8:00-9:00 and afternoon 5:30-6:30 add TMR daily ration by average daily feed intake, freely drink water, make regular check on yak body condition, maintenance cowshed health.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) cold season grassland grazing pressure can be reduced, reduce cold season grazing to the consumption of yak self-energy, alleviate and herd loss of weight, improve anti-disaster ability;
(2) TMR diet nutrient of the present invention is balanced, good palatability, improves feed intake and forage grass resource utilization rate;
(3) maintain the stable state of rumen microorganism, reduce the incidence of disease;
(4) promote Yak Growth, significantly improve yak in the total augment weight of cold season, Average weight increasing a day and cultivation income, there is the actual beneficial effect increased production and improved productivity.Be conducive to the precision and the scale that realize yak cultivation.
Detailed description of the invention
Carry out clear, complete description by the technical scheme of various embodiments of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, other embodiments all that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belong to the scope that the present invention protects.
Current, TMR (i.e. TRM) technology relative maturity, but in Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral, also do not used preferably, design feed ingredient collocation precisely, balanced in nutrition, and a kind of preparation of TMR daily ration and feeding method improving yak cold season production performance of convenient operation, the income of pastoral area herdsman can be significantly improved.By cold-worked hole link in perfect " warm up and herd cold raising " production model, can further improve the precision of yak cultivation, promote that alpine grassland husbandry develops in a healthy way.
Embodiment 1
Improve TMR daily ration and the feeding method of yak cold season production performance, TMR daily ration component is: green hay 120 parts, basic fine fodder 100 parts, premix 2 parts, moisture 80 parts.Described its primary raw material of basic fine fodder is corn, wheat, highland barley, wheat bran, beans cypress, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, dibastic sodium phosphate, stone flour salt etc., the component analysis guarantee value of fine fodder nutrition is dry >=86%, crude protein >=14%, crude fibre≤8.8%, coarse ash≤7.0%, salt 0.3-0.9%, calcium 0.6-1.2%, phosphorus >=0.6%.Described premix primary raw material is feeding vitamin, trace element, amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and NSP enzyme etc., is packaged as 2% formulation, is decided to be 1: 50 with feed collocation ratio.Described green hay is for gather in herbage then, and dry ventilation is preserved, and prohibits the use the expired green hay gone mouldy to prepare TMR daily ration.
This TMR daily ration preparation method is in TMR agitator, drop into green hay 120 parts successively, basic fine fodder 100 parts, premix 2 parts and moisture 80 parts, fully stir through TMR feed agitator, cut, rub 45 minutes, make TRM balanced in nutrition, can Direct-fed through of short duration airing.
This TMR Diet method is: the yak of cold-worked hole is treated in screening, introduces brooder, carries out expelling parasite and epidemic prevention, through the one-week laundering period; Use TMR daily ration of the present invention, every day early 8:00-9:00 and afternoon 5:30-6:30 feed, early stage, scale of feeding was by few gradually many, determines the average daily feed intake of yak, add daily ration according to quantity every day subsequently on time, freely drink water through about one week.Make regular check on yak body condition, keep cowshed health.
It should be noted that premix is added in strict accordance with ratio, mix, must not add, can not scald with boiling water.Green hay is through cutting, and the green hay length of rubbing is 3-6cm, and quality is soft.
Embodiment 2 adopts feed ingredient detection technique, contrasts, the results are shown in Table 1 to the nutrition composition of TMR daily ration of the present invention and green hay.
Table 1
From table 1, the crude protein of the TMR daily ration that the present embodiment is made and crude fat content are higher than oat green hay, and stodgy fibre composition is lower than oat green hay.
Embodiment 3
On May 1,15 days to 2015 December in 2014 has carried out 135 days by a definite date Experiment On Fattenings in Guinan, Qinghai Province Modern Grassland Industry development corporation, Ltd., and test is divided into three groups: TMR group; Green hay group; Tradition herds group.To verify beneficial effect of the present invention.
The feed intake that table 2 is TMR group and green hay group and aquaculture cost (tradition is herded group and adopted the mode of cold season Continous grazing to produce).
Table 2
Known, the average daily feed intake of yak (DMI) of TMR group is 5.19kg/head/d, and fattening cost is 1205.1 yuan; The average daily feed intake of green hay group yak is 4.08kg/head/d, and fattening cost is 754.6 yuan, and for further illustrating beneficial effect of the present invention, the production performance index that We conducted cold season yak is added up.
Table 3 is cold season Yak fattening result
As shown in Table 3, in the cultivation of yak cold season, adopt TMR feed of the present invention and feeding method, yak can increase weight 82.4kg, and Average weight increasing a day reaches 610.4g, and with test preliminary phase ratio, weightening finish ratio reaches 67.3%; By contrast, the yak total augment weight number of green hay group is 53.3kg, and Average weight increasing a day is 394.9kg, and weightening finish ratio reaches 61.4%; Under tradition herds pattern, the average loss of weight 12.4kg of yak, average daily loss of weight 91.8g, in the same period, loss of weight ratio reaches 12.5%.To sum up, in three kinds of cold season production of yak modes, the gaining effect of yak within the full phase of TMR group of the present invention is best.
Embodiment 4
Of the present inventionly a kind ofly improve the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance and the beneficial effect of feeding method for verifying further, the net profit under three kinds of breeding way is adjusted.The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
* note: net profit=weightening finish income-aquaculture cost; Total net profit=net profit-herd loss; When calculating livestock products, dressing percentage gets 48%.
As shown in Table 4, in TMR group, yak livestock products output is maximum, and on average reach 39.5kg, net profit is 1009.8 yuan; The yak livestock products of green hay group are 25.6kg, and lower than TMR group, net profit is 678.6 yuan; The production of yak benefit that tradition is herded is the poorest, and livestock products output is-5.9kg, and income is-333.3 yuan, shows as cold season cultivation loss.By herding contrast with tradition, adopting the yak cold season of a kind of the TMR daily ration and feeding method that improve yak cold season production performance of the present invention to cultivate total net profit and reaching 1343.1 yuan, higher than 1011.9 yuan of green hay group, improve more than 300 yuan.
To sum up, use a kind of TMR daily ration and feeding method improving yak cold season production performance of the present invention, significantly can improve the feed intake of yak, total augment weight, the net profit of Average weight increasing a day and cold season cultivation.Can significantly promote pastoral area herdsman income, be adapted at Alpine-arctic Pastoral and carry out energetically.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, the any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. improve a TMR daily ration for yak cold season production performance, it is characterized in that, count by weight, comprise oat green hay 100-130 part, basic fine fodder 80-110 part, premix 2-4 part, moisture 60-90 part.
2. improve the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the raw material of described basic fine fodder comprises corn, wheat, highland barley, wheat bran, beans cypress, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, dibastic sodium phosphate and stone flour salt.
3. improve the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the nutrition composition in described basic fine fodder comprises dry >=86%, crude protein >=14%, crude fibre≤8.8%, coarse ash≤7.0%, salt 0.3-0.9%, calcium 0.6-1.2%, phosphorus >=0.6%.
4. improve the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described premix comprises feeding vitamin, trace element, amino acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and NSP enzyme.
5. improve the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described green hay is the oat green hay of harvesting mid-October then, and break into the square bale of 19-22kg after harvesting, ventilation saves backup, and avoids going mouldy; The hay that goes mouldy prohibits the use.
6. one kind is improved the preparation method of the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, green hay 100-130 part, basic fine fodder 80-110 part, premix 2-4 part, moisture 60-90 part is dropped into successively in TMR agitator, abundant stirring 35-55 minute, makes TMR daily ration balanced in nutrition.
7. according to any one of claim 1-5, improve a feeding method for the TMR daily ration of yak cold season production performance, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps;
The yak of cold-worked hole is treated in screening, introduces brooder and carries out expelling parasite and epidemic prevention, through scheduling to last the laundering period of 5-8 days;
By described TMR daily ration, every day early 8:00-9:00 and afternoon 5:30-6:30, through 5-8 days, gradually to be fed by few more, determine the average daily feed intake of yak;
Every day early 8:00-9:00 and afternoon 5:30-6:30 add TMR daily ration by the average daily feed intake obtained, freely drink water, make regular check on yak body condition, maintenance cowshed health.
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| CN106490350A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-15 | 四川红草地农业开发有限公司 | A kind of yak feed and preparation method rich in plant crude protein |
| CN107667973A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-09 | 孝感市鲁建农业开发有限公司 | A kind of yak cultural method |
| CN109169518A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-11 | 小金县畜牧工作站 | Yak drylot feeding transitional period feeding method |
| CN110754576A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | 中国农业大学 | Daily ration formula for breeding cattle and feeding method for improving feed efficiency |
| CN111011619A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Supplementary feeding concentrate for yaks in gestation period and preparation method thereof |
| CN111772043A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Functional feed and application thereof in improving tenderness of yak meat |
| CN112273321A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
| CN112931707A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 中科韶华(四川)牧业研究院有限公司 | Yak hunger-resisting preparation and preparation method thereof |
| CN115918792A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Feed formula for female yaks in growing period in alpine region and feeding method |
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Cited By (11)
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| CN106417933A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Total mixed ration for barn feeding of yak in cold season as well as preparation and feeding methods of total mixed ration |
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| CN107667973A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-09 | 孝感市鲁建农业开发有限公司 | A kind of yak cultural method |
| CN110754576A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | 中国农业大学 | Daily ration formula for breeding cattle and feeding method for improving feed efficiency |
| CN109169518A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-01-11 | 小金县畜牧工作站 | Yak drylot feeding transitional period feeding method |
| CN111011619A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Supplementary feeding concentrate for yaks in gestation period and preparation method thereof |
| CN111772043A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Functional feed and application thereof in improving tenderness of yak meat |
| CN112273321A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
| CN112273321B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-09-09 | 四川农业大学 | Low-altitude barn feeding fattening method for yaks |
| CN112931707A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 中科韶华(四川)牧业研究院有限公司 | Yak hunger-resisting preparation and preparation method thereof |
| CN115918792A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Feed formula for female yaks in growing period in alpine region and feeding method |
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Application publication date: 20160330 |