CN114304431A - Complete feed for promoting production performance of young female pigeons and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Complete feed for promoting production performance of young female pigeons and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the complete feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 600 parts of corn kernels, 10-100 parts of wheat bran, 350 parts of bean pulp, 5-30 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-15 parts of salt, 5-25 parts of baking soda, 10-100 parts of yeast powder, 5-50 parts of stone powder, 1-30 parts of bentonite and 1-30 parts of premix; the premix is prepared by mixing choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium nitrite, mannan, VE, amylase, lipase, cellulase and palm oil fat powder. The complete feed can meet the nutrient substance requirement of young female pigeons, improve the reproductive performance of young female pigeons, finally form a complete supplement feed suitable for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons, and further promote the continuous development of the pigeon industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The pigeon stock keeping amount of China accounts for 80% of the total feeding amount of the world, and is the biggest pigeon feeding country and consumer country in the world. The traditional pigeon raising method mainly comprises the step of feeding raw grains, including corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, peas, mung beans, hemp seeds and the like, wherein the energy feed accounts for 70-75% and the protein feed accounts for 20-25%. Because the nutrient requirements of pigeons on minerals and the like cannot be met, the pigeons need to eat special mineral feed, namely health sand, as a single supplement to meet the requirements of the pigeons on mineral trace elements and vitamins, and the health sand also helps to grind the raw materials of the particles. Therefore, the feed of the pigeons is actually composed of raw grains and health-care sand. However, the pigeon farm does not have an accurate standard reference for the nutrient requirement of young female pigeons, and most pigeons are prepared according to experience or directly refer to the nutrient requirement of chickens, so that no scientific basis exists. Because each raw grain has limited nutrient substances, even if a plurality of raw grains are mixed, the nutrient requirements of the pigeons can not be met, especially the supply of essential amino acid is short, so the traditional raw grain and health-care sand feed can not meet the nutrient substance requirements in the growth and production processes of young female pigeons, and the meat pigeons have low nutrient deficiency and production performance for a long time. The young female pigeons in the breeding period have high requirements on nutrient substances, and the nutrient substances are comprehensive. Therefore, according to the research on the metabolism condition of the young female pigeons, the invention establishes the nutrient quality suitable for the young female pigeons, selects proper feed according to the abundance or insufficiency of the feed source and the high quality, and scientifically calculates to prepare the full-price compound feed suitable for the young female pigeons. The feed is prepared from energy feed, protein feed, mineral feed, vitamins, amino acids, trace element additives and the like according to the amount of nutrients required by young female pigeons, is reasonable in feed proportioning, good in palatability and balanced in nutrients, and can promote the growth of young female pigeons and improve the reproductive capacity of young female pigeons.
The Chinese patent with the application number of CN201811164944.7 and the name of 'a pigeon feed' provides a pigeon feed which is reasonable in proportion, rich in nutrition and capable of improving the immunity and meat quality of meat pigeons. The main raw materials and the weight ratio are as follows: 50-80 parts of corn flour, 1-3 parts of salt, 24-48 parts of wheat, 1-3 parts of yeast powder, 10-12 parts of soybean meal, 5-9 parts of vegetable oil, 1-3 parts of fructus cannabis, 4-6 parts of bone meal, 5-7 parts of white gourd, 1-3 parts of radix codonopsis pilosulae, 1-6 parts of houttuynia cordata, 1-6 parts of ginseng leaf, 1-6 parts of medlar and 8-10 parts of water. But the feed has no production practice data support, no specific feeding standard, no specific feeding mode, no feed processing mode and daily feeding frequency requirement, and only the specific gravity of various raw materials in the feed is simply introduced. Second, young female pigeons are not supplemented with minerals.
The patent with the application number of CN201510932156.8 and the name of 'a breeding pigeon feed' provides a breeding pigeon feed which is reasonable in proportion, rich in nutrition and good in palatability and can improve the laying rate of young female pigeons. The main raw materials and the weight ratio thereof are as follows: 30-40 parts of corn, 1-3 parts of salt, 5-15 parts of wheat, 1-3 parts of stone powder, 5-7 parts of corn germ, 1-3 parts of yeast powder, 4-6 parts of fishbone powder, 2-4 parts of aloe, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 4-6 parts of watermelon peel, 2-4 parts of medlar, 1-3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate and 8-10 parts of water. But the feed additive has no production practice data support, no specific feeding mode and no feed adding mode, and only simply introduces the specific gravity of various raw materials in the feed. Secondly traditional granule material provides comprehensive nutrition, nevertheless because the raw materials is smashed to be fine, the granule is not of uniform size, can lead to the raw food extravagant when the pigeon eats the material, and traditional raw food receives the influence of preserving and transportation, and the quality can not obtain guaranteeing, takes place to mildew easily, threatens the organism health of young female pigeon.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons and a preparation method and application thereof, so that the complete feed suitable for improving the production capacity of young female pigeons is screened out, the nutrient substance requirement of young female pigeons is met, the reproductive performance of young female pigeons is improved, a complete supplement feed suitable for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons is finally formed, and the continuous development of the pigeon industry is further promoted.
The technical scheme is as follows: a complete feed for promoting production performance of young female pigeons comprises the following components in parts by mass: 600 parts of corn kernels, 10-100 parts of wheat bran, 350 parts of bean pulp, 5-30 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-15 parts of salt, 5-25 parts of baking soda, 10-100 parts of yeast powder, 5-50 parts of stone powder, 1-30 parts of bentonite and 1-30 parts of premix; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10 parts of choline chloride, 0.01-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.01-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.01-2 parts of sodium nitrite, 1-10 parts of mannan, 1-10 parts of VE1, 1-5 parts of amylase, 1-5 parts of lipase, 1-5 parts of cellulase and 1-20 parts of palm oil fat powder.
The preparation method of the complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, preparation of premix: uniformly mixing choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium nitrite, mannan, VE, amylase, lipase, cellulase and palm oil fat powder in a mixer to obtain a premix;
step two, preparing the complete feed: the method comprises the steps of firstly, suddenly reducing pressure of corn kernels under the conditions of heating and pressurizing to enable the corn kernels to expand to obtain expanded corn kernels, then crushing the expanded corn, bean pulp and wheat bran to the particle size of not more than 0.5mm by using a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed corn, bean pulp and wheat bran with soybean oil, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, baking soda, yeast powder, stone powder, bentonite and premix, and then granulating into particles with the length of 2-5 mm and the diameter of 2.5mm to obtain granular complete feed.
The complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons is applied to the supplementary feeding of young female pigeons.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: the feed is respectively fed for 1 time in two time periods of 09:00-11:00 and 15:00-17:00 every day, and each time is fed for 25 g. .
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons and a preparation method and application thereof, and the complete feed has the following beneficial effects:
1. the complete feed can meet the nutrient requirement of young female pigeons, improve the reproductive performance of young female pigeons and promote the production performance of young female pigeons;
2. the complete feed provided by the invention is combined with the supplementary feeding, so that the production performance of young female pigeons can be further promoted.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 500kg of corn, 80kg of wheat bran, 315kg of soybean meal, 20kg of soybean oil, 2kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 10kg of salt, 20kg of baking soda, 26kg of yeast powder, 2kg of stone powder, 20kg of bentonite and 5kg of premix; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.25kg of choline chloride, 0.125kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of zinc sulfate, 0.125kg of sodium nitrite, 1kg of mannan, 0.125kg of VE0.75 kg of amylase, 0.75kg of lipase, 0.75kg of cellulase and 1kg of palm oil fat powder.
A preparation method of a complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, preparation of premix: uniformly mixing choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium nitrite, mannan, VE, amylase, lipase, cellulase and palm oil fat powder in a mixer to obtain a premix;
step two, preparing the complete feed: the method comprises the steps of firstly, suddenly reducing pressure of corn kernels under the conditions of heating and pressurizing to expand the corn kernels to obtain expanded corn kernels, then crushing the expanded corn, bean pulp and wheat bran to the particle size of not more than 0.5mm by using a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed corn kernels, the bean pulp and the wheat bran with soybean oil, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, baking soda, yeast powder, stone powder, bentonite and premix, and then granulating the mixture into particles with the length of 3.5mm and the diameter of 2.5mm to obtain granular complete feed.
The complete feed prepared in example 1 was used for field feeding, and the process and results were as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test site
The test was carried out by the blue sea pigeon industry development company, Mayu county, Moyu, Xinjiang Hotan.
1.2 test animal selection
Selecting age, weight and health detection by veterinarians, and testing young female pigeons by 90.
1.3 design of the experiment
Dividing 90 pairs of young female pigeons into 3 groups randomly, repeating every 3 groups, and repeating 10 pairs of pigeons for each group, wherein the pigeons are respectively a blank control group, a control group and a test group. In the same feeding management, basic ration (corn, sorghum, cottonseed meal, bran, calcium bicarbonate and stone powder) is fed to a blank control group, the formula and the nutrient level of the ration are the same as those of a control group and a test group, the control group feeds the crushed complete feed prepared in the example 1, and the test group feeds the crushed complete feed prepared in the example 1 directly to the test group to prepare granules for feeding. The feeding test was carried out for 28 days.
1.4 Breeding management
Open pigeons and 3-layer vertical pigeons cages are adopted for the test, and 1 pair of young female pigeons are raised in each cage. Mechanical ventilation and natural ventilation are adopted in the pigeon house for ventilation, air exchange and temperature control, the crib and the water cup are cleaned regularly, and the dung plate is cleaned. The pigeon house adopts a mode of combining natural illumination and artificial illumination, and illumination of 16 hours every day is guaranteed. Feeding 2 times per day (09:00-11:00 and 15:00-17:00), and freely eating and drinking water in the whole period. Regular disinfection and epidemic prevention were carried out on pigeons periodically during the test.
1.5 measurement index
(1) Body weight (the body weights of the study are the weights of a pair of pigeons)
Calculating the total weight gain and daily weight gain of young female pigeons.
Total weight gain (kg) is the average test end weight-average test initial weight
Average daily gain (kg. d-1) ═ average end of test-average initial weight/day
(2) Material to weight ratio
Counting the pigeon consumption and calculating the material-weight ratio.
1.6 index determination
The blood related index is detected by a kit.
1.7 data analysis
Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software, one-way ANOVA for one-way analysis of variance, and
duncan's multiple comparative test was performed, and the test data were expressed as mean. + -. standard deviation (X. + -. SD), with P <0.05 as the criterion for significance of difference.
2 analysis of results
2.1 Effect of supplementary feeding on weight gain of young female Pigeon
As shown in Table 1 below, there was no significant effect between the initial weight and the final weight of young female pigeons in the test group, the control group and the blank control group (P > 0.05). The total weight gain and average daily weight gain of the test group and the control group are significantly higher than that of the blank control group, and are respectively improved by 66.36% (P <0.05) and 50.71% (P <0.05) compared with that of the blank control group. The daily average material consumption of the test group, the control group and the blank control group has no significant influence (P is more than 0.05), the material weight of the test group is significantly reduced by 68.96 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the blank control group, and is reduced by 8.57 percent (P is more than 0.05) compared with the control group.
TABLE 1
| Item | Blank control group | Control group | Test group |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 0.38±0.08 | 0.39±0.10 | 0.38±0.08 |
| Terminal weight (kg) | 0.48±0.21 | 0.52±0.11 | 0.52±0.13 |
| Total weight gain (g) | 100.34±23.43b | 130.12±18.43a | 140.21±19.98a |
| Average daily gain (g/day) | 3.58±0.23b | 4.65±1.12a | 5.01±1.34a |
| Daily average material consumption (g) | 33.21±5.34 | 31.34±4.12 | 32.23±5.23 |
| Material to weight ratio | 9.28±1.11a | 6.74±0.97b | 6.43±0.78b |
Note: the data in the same row are marked with no letters or the same letters to indicate that the difference is not significant (P >0.05), the lower case letters are different to indicate that the difference is significant (P <0.05), and the upper case letters are different to indicate that the difference is very significant (P < 0.01).
2.2 influence on related indexes of nitrogen metabolism in blood of young female pigeons
As can be seen from table 2 below, the total protein content in plasma of the test group is significantly higher than that of the blank control group by 20.87% (P < 0.05); the albumin content test group is obviously higher than the control group and the blank control group, and is respectively improved by 29.58% (P <0.05) and 37.31% (P <0.05) compared with the control group and the blank control group; no significant effect was observed among the globulin and urea nitrogen content test group, the control group and the blank control group (P > 0.05); the creatinine content of the test group and the control group is significantly lower than that of the blank control group, and is respectively reduced by 26.23% (P <0.05) and 22.22% (P <0.05) compared with that of the blank control group; the uric acid content test group is significantly lower than 19.21 percent of a blank control group (P <0.05), the difference between the test group and the control group is not significant, but the test group is reduced by 4.58 percent (P >0.05) compared with the control group.
TABLE 2
| Item | Blank control group | Control group | Test group |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 4.12±0.74b | 4.66±0.65ab | 4.98±0.34a |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.01±0.30b | 2.13±0.23b | 2.76±0.12a |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 2.11±0.74 | 2.53±0.13 | 2.22±0.34 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 0.48±0.33 | 0.41±0.22 | 0.40±0.23 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.77±0.42a | 0.63±0.32b | 0.61±0.44b |
| Uric acid (umol/L) | 239.86±33.87a | 210.34±32.98ab | 201.12±45.98b |
2.3 Effect on plasma ion concentration of young female Pigeon
As shown in the following Table 3, there was no significant effect (P >0.05) among the test group, the control group and the blank control group of the concentrations of sodium ions and hydrogen phosphate radicals in plasma; the calcium ion concentration test group and the control group are obviously higher than that of the blank control group and respectively increased by 21.29 percent (P <0.05) and 17.67 percent (P <0.05) compared with that of the blank control group; the potassium ion concentration of the control group is obviously higher than that of the blank control group by 18.40 percent (P <0.05), the difference between the control group and the test group is not obvious, but the control group is improved by 7.71 percent (P >0.05) compared with the test group.
TABLE 3
| Item | Blank control group | Control group | Test group |
| Calcium ion// mmol/L | 2.49±0.23b | 2.93±0.32a | 3.02±0.33a |
| Sodium ion// mmol/L | 148.01±33.21 | 152.33±23.98 | 150.23±18.96 |
| Potassium ion// mmol/L | 4.13±0.87b | 4.89±0.65a | 4.54±0.92ab |
| Hydrogen phosphate// mmol/L | 1.01±0.12 | 0.91±0.02 | 1.21±0.23 |
2.4 Effect on the blood levels of young female Pigeon
As can be seen from Table 4 below, the aspartate aminotransferase level in plasma of the test group is significantly higher than that of the blank control group by 15.73% (P <0.05), the difference between the test group and the control group is not significant, but is improved by 9.93% (P <0.05) compared with the control group; there was no significant effect (P <0.05) between the creatine kinase level test, control and blank control groups.
TABLE 4
| Item | Blank control group | Control group | Test group |
| Aspartate aminotransferase U/L | 102.81±11.21b | 108.23±26.78a b | 118.98±31.32a |
| Creatine kinase U/L | 368.14±66.12 | 351.56±59.12 | 374.15±78.87 |
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A complete feed for promoting production performance of young female pigeons is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 600 parts of corn kernels, 10-100 parts of wheat bran, 350 parts of bean pulp, 5-30 parts of soybean oil, 0.5-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-15 parts of salt, 5-25 parts of baking soda, 10-100 parts of yeast powder, 5-50 parts of stone powder, 1-30 parts of bentonite and 1-30 parts of premix; the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10 parts of choline chloride, 0.01-0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.01-0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 0.01-2 parts of sodium nitrite, 1-10 parts of mannan, 1-10 parts of VE1, 1-5 parts of amylase, 1-5 parts of lipase, 1-5 parts of cellulase and 1-20 parts of palm oil fat powder.
2. The preparation method of the complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of premix: uniformly mixing choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium nitrite, mannan, VE, amylase, lipase, cellulase and palm oil fat powder in a mixer to obtain a premix;
step two, preparing the complete feed: the method comprises the steps of firstly, suddenly reducing pressure of corn kernels under the conditions of heating and pressurizing to enable the corn kernels to expand to obtain expanded corn kernels, then crushing the expanded corn, bean pulp and wheat bran to the particle size of not more than 0.5mm by using a crusher, uniformly mixing the crushed corn, bean pulp and wheat bran with soybean oil, calcium hydrophosphate, salt, baking soda, yeast powder, stone powder, bentonite and premix, and then granulating into particles with the length of 2-5 mm and the diameter of 2.5mm to obtain granular complete feed.
3. The use of the complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons according to claim 1 in the feeding of young female pigeons.
4. The use of the complete feed for promoting the production performance of young female pigeons according to claim 3 in the feeding of young female pigeons, characterized in that the feeding method comprises the following steps: the feed is respectively fed for 1 time in two time periods of 09:00-11:00 and 15:00-17:00 every day, and each time is fed for 25 g.
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| CN105265817A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-27 | 广东省家禽科学研究所 | Balanced feed for breeding pigeons, and preparation method thereof |
| CN110169513A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-27 | 广东省家禽科学研究所 | A kind of Tarim Basin dove brood time special feed and feeding method |
| CN111296677A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-19 | 广东大广生物科技有限公司 | Fermented granular spherical feed for meat pigeons and preparation method thereof |
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- 2022-01-19 CN CN202210058625.8A patent/CN114304431A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105265817A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-27 | 广东省家禽科学研究所 | Balanced feed for breeding pigeons, and preparation method thereof |
| CN110169513A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-27 | 广东省家禽科学研究所 | A kind of Tarim Basin dove brood time special feed and feeding method |
| CN111296677A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-19 | 广东大广生物科技有限公司 | Fermented granular spherical feed for meat pigeons and preparation method thereof |
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| 和嘉荣;白文顺;亏开兴;: "提高肉鸽繁殖力的综合措施", 中国家禽 * |
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