CN110156499B - Composting method for increasing content of humic acid by adding humic acid precursor substances in stages - Google Patents
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
A composting method for increasing humic acid content by adding a humic acid precursor substance in stages relates to a method for increasing humic acid content of compost. The invention aims to solve the problem that the content of humic acid in the existing composting method is not high. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, composting protein organic waste and fiber organic waste, and adding MnO in the temperature rising period of the composting2Adding low-concentration polyphenol waste; before the high-temperature period of the compost, sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost of the protein organic waste is turned over every time; protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the fiber organic waste compost is turned over every time; thirdly, in the high-temperature composting period, the waste containing the humic acid precursor is put into a textile bag and buried in the compost in the high-temperature composting period; and fourthly, adding at least one time of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost in the compost cooling period. The invention is used in the field of composting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for increasing humic acid content of compost.
Background
With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the dramatic increase of population, people will generate a lot of waste while the demand for various agricultural products is increased, and the emission is already positioned at the first place of the world. Harmful wastes are not properly and harmlessly treated, and are not effectively and reasonably utilized, so that the environment and the ecology are extremely badly influenced. At present, the simplest, most convenient, most rapid, pollution-free and specialized treatment method for agricultural wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, straws and the like is a composting treatment technology. Aims to fully utilize organic wastes and effectively convert the wastes into organic fertilizers which can be absorbed and utilized by the land. After compost treatment under proper conditions, organic matters can be gradually degraded by various microorganisms to generate humic acid substances, wherein the humic acid is a final byproduct of the compost, and the generated content of the humic acid substances indicates whether the compost has a resource utilization effect and is an important index for detecting whether the compost is complete and whether the compost reaches a harmless standard.
The most representative and useful secondary metabolite in the composting process is humic acid (also called as "humic acid"), which is widely applied in the fields of agriculture, garden and animal husbandry, medicine and health, industry, environmental engineering and the like. Especially has important functions in the aspects of improving soil fertility, preserving water, resisting drought, eliminating the toxicity of pesticide remained in soil and the like. However, the content of humic acid in the existing composting method is not high, which is not beneficial to improving soil fertility, preserving water and resisting drought and eliminating the toxicity of pesticide remained in soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low content of humic acid in the existing composting method, and provides a composting method for increasing the content of humic acid by adding a humic acid precursor substance in stages.
The invention discloses a method for increasing humic acid content in compost by adding a humic acid precursor substance by stages, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, composting protein organic waste and fiber organic waste, and adding MnO in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the compost, and low-concentration polyphenol waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 1-5% of the mass of the compost;
before the high-temperature period of the compost, sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost of the protein organic waste is turned over every time; protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the fiber organic waste compost is turned over every time;
thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the composting days are more than 3 days, and performing harmless treatment; the waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste;
and fourthly, adding at least one time of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost in the compost cooling period.
Further, in the step one, the protein organic waste refers to organic waste with high protein content, and mainly comprises livestock and poultry manure, food waste (refers to residual soup and leftovers generated in restaurants, dining halls and other catering industries) and part of kitchen waste (refers to waste in daily cooking of residents, such as fish, meat, bones and the like); the fiber organic waste is organic waste mainly composed of cellulose and lignin, and mainly comprises crop residue straw waste, forest residue leaf weed waste and the like.
Further, MnO in step one2The catalyst is mainly used for promoting chemical synthesis reaction in compost, efficiently utilizing amino acid, reducing sugar and other small molecular compounds generated by microbial decomposition to synthesize humic acid substances, reducing mineralization reaction in the compost and reducing emission of carbon dioxide.
Furthermore, in the step one, the polyphenol waste refers to organic waste containing higher proportion of polyphenol functional groups, mainly refers to tea waste, the mass fraction of polyphenol in the tea waste is 10% -30%, the adding proportion is controlled to be 1% -5% of the mass ratio of the compost, and toxic action caused by accumulation of the phenol substances is avoided. The phenol group in the polyphenol substances is one of important precursor functional groups for synthesizing humic acid substances, and the phenol group can be continuously polymerized with other functional groups and then connected to a chemical bond on a humic acid molecule, so that the complex humic acid macromolecular substance is synthesized as one part of a complex structure of humic acid. However, the utilization of phenol groups for synthesizing humic acid in the composting process is limited, and excessive polyphenols can produce toxic effects, so that the addition ratio needs to be proper.
Further, in the second step, the sugar-containing waste refers to organic waste (mainly fruit and vegetable waste) with high sugar content, the polyphenol waste refers to organic waste (mainly tea waste) with high proportion of polyphenol functional groups, and the carboxyl waste refers to organic waste (mainly vinegar residue leaching liquor) with high proportion of carboxyl functional groups.
Furthermore, in the second step, the sugar-containing waste is supplemented when the protein organic waste compost is turned over each time, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 10%, and the concentration is gradually reduced along with the turning process. Sugar substances are important energy nutrients for microorganisms, and polysaccharides and reducing sugars in the sugar substances are also important precursor substances participating in the formation of humic acid. The early stage saccharide substances are mainly used by microorganisms and participate in the synthesis of humus substances, and the later stage saccharide substances are mainly used for synthesizing relatively stable macromolecular humus substances, so the adding proportion is gradually reduced.
Furthermore, in the second step, the protein organic waste compost is supplemented with polyphenol waste (tea waste and the like) every time the compost is turned over, the adding proportion is controlled to be 0.5-4.5% of the compost mass, and the adding proportion is kept lower than the adding proportion at the initial stage of the compost so as to prevent accumulation of the phenol substances.
And further, in the second step, protein organic waste is added into the fiber organic waste compost every time the compost is turned, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 5%, and the concentration is gradually increased along with the turning process. Amino compound has very important effect to humic acid's formation in the compost process, is one of the key functional group that stable humus matter formed, and protein organic matter contains abundant amino compound, forms micromolecule humus matter with other functional groups earlier stage, and the later stage combines to participate in forming the stable humus matter of macromolecule on the humic acid skeleton in a large number, consequently along with the gradual increase concentration of the process of turning over a heap.
Furthermore, in the second step, the adding proportion of the carboxyl waste materials is controlled to be 1-3% of the mass of the compost no matter the protein organic waste compost or the fiber organic waste compost, and the concentration is not suitable to be too high. Because the carboxyl waste contains a large amount of carboxyl functional groups, the carboxyl waste is a key functional group for complexing various factors in the environment, and the main function is to increase the carbon content of humic acid molecules and the relative molecular mass of humic acid.
Further, the amino acid waste in the third step refers to organic waste containing precursor amino acid functional groups for synthesizing humus substances, and mainly refers to monosodium glutamate and amino acid production waste.
Furthermore, the composting days in the third step are determined according to compost materials and the size of a compost body, and finally the standard of meeting the harmless composting requirement is taken as the standard.
Furthermore, the addition times of the waste containing the humic acid precursor in the fourth step are proper, and the standard of reaching the harmless requirement of the compost is finally taken as the standard.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
humic acid is a high molecular compound, and the formation of the humic acid requires the participation of various functional groups, which are connected to the core skeleton of the humic acid through chemical bonds and constitute a part of the humic acid. Through a series of complex chemical reactions in the composting process, the main precursors of the compost play an important role in the formation of humic acid, so that various main functional groups participating in the composition of the humic acid are also very special elements for promoting the formation of the humic acid. Therefore, composting by adding materials containing humic acid precursor substances from an external source is very important for increasing the content of humic acid in the compost.
According to the characteristics of humic acid formation, organic matter conversion and microorganism change in the composting process, the invention adds materials containing humic acid precursor substances by stages for composting so as to improve the yield of humic acid in the compost.
The compost can convert organic wastes from different sources into stable and available humic acid. The most important participants are microorganisms, in particular bacteria, which are present throughout the compostLeading the effect. By adding the precursor substance containing humic acid functional groups by stages, the biological activity and community succession of microorganisms can be influenced, the diversity of bacterial species in the compost can be promoted, and the capability of bacteria for decomposing organic matters and synthesizing humic acid precursors can be further improved. Thus, MnO formation of catalytic humic acid is added at the initial stage2Can be used as a catalyst to promote the formation of humic acid which is the final product of the composting process. And adding precursor substances containing humic acid functional groups in stages, wherein the precursor substances respectively contain humic acid precursor functional groups such as saccharides (polysaccharides and reducing sugars), amino acids, carboxyl groups, phenol groups and the like, and participate in the formation of humic acid.
On one hand, the saccharides can promote the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and the like, accelerate chemical reaction in the composting process and improve the capacity of synthesizing the humic acid precursor, and on the other hand, the saccharides (polysaccharide and reducing sugar) and amino acid can form a stable humic acid molecular skeleton structure in the early stage;
the carboxyl is taken as a key functional group of the humic acid which has complexation effect on various factors in the environment, and is mainly used for increasing the carbon content of humic acid molecules and the relative molecular mass of the humic acid;
under the action of microorganisms, the phenol group is connected to a humic acid side chain as a precursor substance together with other various functional groups, and is continuously connected to a chemical bond on a humic acid molecule after being polymerized with other functional groups, so as to be used as a part of a complex structure of humic acid.
The synthesis of micromolecular humic acid can be promoted through the interaction between functional groups of the humic acid precursor, and macromolecular stable humic acid is further synthesized through polymerization or chemical reaction, so that the content of humic acid in the compost is increased, and the content of humic acid can be increased by 20-50% after the method is used. The invention can be widely applied to the harmless treatment of organic wastes, in particular to the resource utilization of the wastes which are difficult to degrade.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for increasing the content of humic acid in compost by adding the humic acid precursor material in stages comprises the following steps:
firstly, composting protein organic waste and fiber organic waste, and adding MnO in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the compost, and low-concentration polyphenol waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 1-5% of the mass of the compost;
before the high-temperature period of the compost, sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost of the protein organic waste is turned over every time; protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the fiber organic waste compost is turned over every time;
thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the composting days are more than 3 days, and performing harmless treatment; the waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste;
and fourthly, adding at least one time of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost in the compost cooling period.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the step one, the protein organic waste comprises livestock and poultry manure, food and drink garbage or kitchen garbage, wherein the kitchen garbage refers to waste leftovers in daily cooking of residents. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the fiber organic wastes in the step one comprise crop residue straw wastes or forest residue leaf weed wastes. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: in the step one, the polyphenol waste refers to tea waste, and the mass fraction of polyphenol in the tea waste is 10% -30%. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: in the second step, the sugar-containing waste refers to fruit and vegetable waste, the polyphenol waste refers to tea waste, and the carboxyl waste refers to vinegar residue leaching liquor. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and in the second step, the sugar-containing waste is supplemented when the protein organic waste compost is turned over each time, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 10%, and the concentration is gradually reduced along with the turning process. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and in the second step, the protein organic waste compost is supplemented with polyphenol waste every time the compost is turned, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 0.5-4.5% of the compost mass. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and in the second step, protein organic waste is added into the fiber organic waste compost every time the compost is turned, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 5%, and the concentration is gradually increased along with the turning process. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the second step, the adding proportion of the carboxyl waste materials is controlled to be 1-3% of the mass of the compost no matter the protein organic waste compost or the fiber organic waste compost. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the amino acid waste in the third step refers to monosodium glutamate or amino acid production waste. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
firstly, composting straws, and adding MnO in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01 percent of the mass of the compost, and the tea waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 5 percent of the mass of the compost.
And secondly, before the high-temperature period of the compost, protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost is turned over every time. The protein organic waste is waste residue of a monosodium glutamate factory, and the adding proportion is increased from 2%, 5% and 10% of the compost mass in sequence. The carboxyl wastes are vinegar residue leaching liquor, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 3% of the compost mass.
And thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 60 ℃, and the composting days are 4 days, and performing harmless treatment. The waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste.
Fourthly, in the compost cooling period, adding 3 times of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost.
The sugar-containing waste is sugar-making waste residue, the amino acids are monosodium glutamate factory waste residue, the polyphenols are tea leaf waste, and the carboxyl is vinegar residue leaching liquor.
After the humic acid precursor substance is added by stages, the concentration of the humic acid is improved by more than 20 percent, wherein the humic acid serving as the main component of the humic acid has large molecular weight, contains more aromatic substances, has stable structure, and is found to improve the content by 25 percent, and the fulvic acid with small molecular weight and easy decomposition is reduced. Therefore, the compost products treated by the method form more stable humic acid.
According to the invention, the humic acid precursor substance is added by stages, so that the content of humic acid in the compost can be obviously improved, the generation of more stable humic acid is promoted, and the composting efficiency is further improved.
Example 2:
firstly, chicken manure is used as a main material for composting, MnO is added in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01 percent of the mass of the compost, and the tea waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 5 percent of the mass of the compost.
And secondly, before the high-temperature period of the compost, the sugar-containing waste, the polyphenol waste and the carboxyl waste are added when the compost is turned over every time in the straw compost. The sugar-containing waste is fruit residue, and the adding proportion of the fruit residue is increased from 2%, 5% and 10% of the compost mass in sequence. The polyphenol waste is tea waste, and the adding proportion is gradually reduced from 2 to 4 percent of the compost mass. The carboxyl waste is vinegar residue leaching liquor, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 3% of the compost mass.
And thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 65 ℃, and the composting days are 3 days, and performing harmless treatment. The waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste.
Fourthly, in the compost cooling period, adding 2-3 times of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost.
The sugar-containing waste is fruit residues, the amino acids are waste residues of a monosodium glutamate factory, the polyphenols are tea waste, and the carboxyl is vinegar residue leaching liquor.
After the humic acid precursor substance is added by stages, the concentration of the humic acid is improved by more than 10 percent, wherein the content of humic acid which is used as a main component of the humic acid is improved by 15 percent, and the content of fulvic acid which has smaller molecular weight and is easy to decompose is obviously reduced. Therefore, the compost products treated by the method form more stable humic acid.
Example 3:
firstly, composting is carried out by taking rice straws and chicken manure as mixed materials, and MnO is added in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01 percent of the mass of the compost, and the tea waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 5 percent of the mass of the compost.
Before the high-temperature period of the compost, sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost of the protein organic waste is turned over every time; protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the fiber organic waste compost is turned over every time. Sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added into the mixed compost each time the compost is turned over. The sugar-containing waste is residue left after air-dried soybean oil pressing, and the adding proportion is increased from 5% and 10% of the compost mass in sequence. The polyphenol waste is tea waste, and the adding proportion is gradually reduced from 2 to 4 percent of the compost mass. The carboxyl waste is vinegar residue leaching liquor, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 3% of the compost mass.
And thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 60 ℃, and the composting days are 3 days, and performing harmless treatment. The waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste.
Fourthly, in the compost cooling period, adding 2-3 times of harmless precursor waste containing humic acid into the compost.
The sugar-containing waste is residue left after dried soybean oil pressing, the polyphenols are tea leaf waste, and the carboxyl is vinegar residue leaching liquor.
After the humic acid precursor substance is added by stages, the concentration of the humic acid is improved by more than 20 percent, wherein the humic acid serving as the main component of the humic acid has large molecular weight, contains more aromatic substances, has stable structure, and is found to have the content improved by 30 percent, and the fulvic acid with small molecular weight and easy decomposition has reduced content. In addition, the composting decomposition time is obviously shortened, and the compost can reach a decomposed state in 40 days (about 70 days is needed if the compost is not added). Therefore, the compost products treated by the method form more stable humic acid, the composting time can be obviously shortened, and the composting efficiency is improved.
Claims (5)
1. A composting method for increasing the content of humic acid by adding a humic acid precursor substance in stages is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, composting protein organic waste and fiber organic waste, and adding MnO in the temperature rising period of the composting2The adding proportion is controlled to be 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the compost, and low-concentration polyphenol waste is added, and the adding proportion is controlled to be 1-5% of the mass of the compost;
before the high-temperature period of the compost, sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste and carboxyl waste are added when the compost of the protein organic waste is turned over every time; protein organic waste and carboxyl waste are added when the fiber organic waste compost is turned over every time;
thirdly, in a composting high-temperature period, filling the waste containing the humic acid precursor into a textile bag, burying the textile bag into the compost in the composting high-temperature period, wherein the composting temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the composting days are more than 3 days, and performing harmless treatment; the waste containing the humic acid precursor is sugar-containing waste, polyphenol waste, amino acid waste and carboxyl waste;
fourthly, at the compost cooling period, adding at least one time of harmless humic acid-containing precursor waste into the compost;
wherein, the polyphenol waste in the step one refers to tea waste, and the mass fraction of polyphenol in the tea waste is 10% -30%;
in the second step, the sugar-containing waste is supplemented when the protein organic waste compost is turned over each time, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 10%, and the concentration is gradually reduced along with the turning process;
supplementing the polyphenol waste when the protein organic waste compost is turned over every time in the second step, wherein the adding proportion is controlled to be 0.5-4.5% of the compost mass;
in the second step, protein organic waste is added into the fiber organic waste compost every time the compost is turned, the adding proportion is controlled to be 5% -10% of the compost mass, the initial adding proportion is 5%, and the concentration is gradually increased along with the turning process;
in the second step, the adding proportion of the carboxyl waste materials is controlled to be 1-3% of the mass of the compost no matter the protein organic waste compost or the fiber organic waste compost.
2. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 where the humic acid precursor is added in stages to increase the content of humic acid, the organic waste of protein in step one includes livestock and poultry manure, food and drink waste or kitchen waste, the kitchen waste being waste from the daily cooking of residents.
3. A composting method as claimed in claim 1 where the humic acid precursor is added in stages to increase the content of humic acid, the fibrous organic waste in step one comprises crop residue straw waste or forest residue leaf weed waste.
4. A composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sugar-containing waste in step two is fruit and vegetable waste, the polyphenol waste is tea waste, and the carboxyl waste is vinegar residue leach liquor.
5. A composting method for increasing humic acid content by adding humic acid precursor in stages as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amino acid waste in step three is monosodium glutamate or amino acid production waste.
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| CN110627543B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-11-12 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for promoting compost maturity of livestock and poultry manure through microbial pretreatment |
| CN111574266A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-25 | 东北农业大学 | Negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method |
| CN112679246A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-20 | 东北农业大学 | Method for improving humic acid content of organic solid waste compost by utilizing sustainable catalytic material |
| CN114031431A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-02-11 | 燕山大学 | Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof |
| CN115093262B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-08-11 | 东北农业大学 | Method for improving humic acid content in organic solid waste compost by utilizing chitosan-clay mineral composite material |
| CN116159850A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | 天津师范大学 | Method for preparing humic acid by catalyzing kitchen waste through manganese dioxide |
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