CN111574266A - Negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method - Google Patents
Negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111574266A CN111574266A CN202010418348.8A CN202010418348A CN111574266A CN 111574266 A CN111574266 A CN 111574266A CN 202010418348 A CN202010418348 A CN 202010418348A CN 111574266 A CN111574266 A CN 111574266A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method, and relates to the technical field of solid organic waste treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment and recycling, in particular to a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method.
Background
Statistically, about 1.3 million tons of solid waste are produced worldwide each year, and this amount is twice as much as ten years ago. As the population grows and the living standard and income of people increases, more commodities are consumed, and the generation of solid wastes is further increased. The solid waste accumulation not only causes resource waste, but also causes secondary pollution to the environment due to pollutants contained in the solid waste, waste gas and percolate generated in the accumulation process, and seriously threatens the ecological environment and human health. In order to solve the problems, at present, organic solid wastes are treated by adopting modes such as fermentation, landfill, gasification incineration, composting and the like. However, landfill occupies a large amount of land, and incineration easily causes air pollution, and in order to avoid the above problems, researchers mostly adopt an aerobic composting mode to perform resource treatment on organic solid wastes.
As a technology for decomposing and converting perishable organic solid wastes into decomposed fertilizers, the compost has the advantages of large daily treatment capacity, high conversion efficiency, small secondary pollution, high product utilization value and the like. However, in order to ensure the normal progress of composting, it is necessary to ensure that the inside of the compost body contains a sufficient oxygen concentration. At present, the large compost mostly adopts the modes of dynamic ventilation, machinery or manual pile turning to ensure the sufficient oxygen content in the pile body. However, the above method not only causes energy consumption, but also occupies a large amount of manpower and material resources. Therefore, there is a need for a way to meet the requirement of large compost with sufficient oxygen content in a manner of low energy consumption, high efficiency and low occupancy of personnel and equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and a negative pressure type compost gas distribution method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, realizing unpowered negative pressure type gas distribution, and ensuring that large-scale compost consumes less energy and has high recycling efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device which comprises a gas distribution bed and a wind shield, wherein a ventilation chamber is formed in the gas distribution bed, a gas inlet is formed in one side wall of the gas distribution bed, the wind shield is arranged at the gas inlet and can move to open or close the gas inlet, the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed is used for placing compost materials, a gas outlet is formed in the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed, the ventilation chamber is communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet, the gas distribution bed is obliquely arranged, and the height of one end, far away from the gas inlet, of the gas distribution bed is higher than the height of one end, provided with the gas inlet, of the gas distribution bed.
Preferably, the air distribution bed comprises an upper top surface, four side walls and a lower bottom surface, wherein the four side walls are sequentially fixedly connected end to end, every upper end of each side wall is respectively fixedly connected with four edges of the upper top surface, every lower end of each side wall is respectively fixedly connected with four edges of the lower bottom surface.
Preferably, a partition is fixedly arranged in the middle of the air distribution bed, extends from the lower bottom surface to the upper top surface and contacts with the upper top surface, and is used for supporting the air distribution bed, and the partition divides the ventilation chamber into different chambers.
Preferably, the partition is perpendicular to the side wall where the air inlet is located.
Preferably, the number of the air inlets is two, and the two air inlets are respectively arranged on two sides of the partition.
Preferably, go up the top and include apron and ventilating board, open at the apron middle part has the intercommunication mouth, the intercommunication mouth is used for the intercommunication breather chamber and external, the ventilating board demountable installation be in intercommunication mouth department, be equipped with a plurality of on the ventilating board the gas outlet.
Preferably, the ventilating board is the latticed skeleton that a plurality of reinforcing bar welded becomes, on the ventilating board with both ends on the deep bead vertical direction are equipped with the picture peg, the picture peg is used for fixing the position of ventilating board.
Preferably, the wind shield is a manual gate valve, and the wind shield is installed at one end, far away from the air distribution bed, of the air inlet.
The invention also provides a negative pressure type compost gas distribution method, which utilizes the negative pressure type compost gas distribution device in any one of the technical schemes and comprises the following steps,
s1: placing the perishable organic solid wastes subjected to the shearing treatment on the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed in a triangular pile form to form a pile body;
s2: opening the wind shield when the temperature of the compost rises in the early composting period, supplying oxygen from the air inlet, and entering a composting high-temperature period when the temperature of the compost rises to 50 ℃;
s3: oxygen is supplied intermittently during the high temperature of the compost, when the pH value of the pile is less than 5, the wind shield is completely opened, oxygen is supplied vigorously, and the mechanical pile turning operation is matched to avoid the anaerobic condition of the pile, when the pH value of the pile is less than 5 and less than 6.5, the wind shield is opened 1/3, the opening degree and the opening time of the wind shield are adjusted properly, and when the pH value of the pile is greater than 7, the wind shield is closed;
s4: at the later stage of composting, MnO with the concentration of 2% is sprayed into the compost body2And (4) suspending the solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device, which comprises a gas distribution bed and a wind shield, wherein a ventilation chamber is formed in the gas distribution bed, a gas inlet is formed in one side wall of the gas distribution bed and used for introducing gas into the gas distribution bed in the compost gas distribution process so as to enable organic solid waste to react with oxygen, the wind shield is arranged at the gas inlet and can move to open or close the gas inlet, the oxygen content entering the gas distribution bed is convenient to adjust, the oxygen content requirement in different periods of composting is met, the yield of humic acid of compost is effectively improved, the quality of compost products is improved, the recycling of the organic solid waste is promoted, the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed is used for placing compost materials, a gas outlet is formed in the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed, the ventilation chamber is communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet, the temperature of a compost body rises along with the activity of microorganisms violently in the composting process, so that the gas pressure at, the air pressure at the air inlet is high, so that the air pressure difference is formed between the air inlet and the air outlet, air enters the air distribution bed from the air inlet, and is discharged outside from the air outlet, air flow exchange occurs in the process, the requirement of the composting process on oxygen is met, unpowered negative pressure type air distribution is realized, composting energy consumption is reduced, the air distribution bed is obliquely arranged, one end, far away from the air inlet, of the air distribution bed is higher than one end, provided with the air inlet, of the air distribution bed, the outflow of heap leachate is facilitated, and the cleaning is convenient.
When the negative pressure type compost gas distribution device is used, the perishable organic solid wastes subjected to shearing treatment are placed on the upper top surface of a gas distribution bed in a triangular pile manner; when the temperature of the compost rises in the early stage of composting, a wind shield is opened, oxygen is supplied from an air inlet, and when the temperature of the compost rises to 50 ℃, the compost enters a high-temperature period; oxygen is supplied intermittently during the high temperature period of the compost, when the pH of the compost is in the range<When 5 hours, the wind shield is completely opened, oxygen is supplied by force, and the pile body is prevented from being anaerobic by matching with mechanical pile turning operation, when the pile body 5<pH<When the pH value of the stack is 6.5, the wind shield is opened 1/3, and the opening degree and the opening time of the wind shield are properly adjusted>When 7, the wind shield is closed; at the later stage of composting, MnO with the concentration of 2% is sprayed into the compost body2And (4) suspending liquid to improve the yield of humic acid in the compost, and in the composting process, adjusting the ventilation quantity of the air distribution bed according to the pH value of the compost body to improve the quality of compost products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate in the negative pressure type compost gas distribution device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ventilation board in the negative pressure type compost air distribution device provided by the invention;
in the figure: the air distribution bed comprises a 1-air distribution bed body, 11-air inlets, 2-wind shields, 3-partitions, 4-cover plates, 41-communication ports, 5-air outlets, 6-ventilation plates and 61-insertion plates.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device and method, and aims to solve the technical problems of large-scale compost that the energy consumption is large and the resource utilization efficiency is low.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in figures 1-3, the invention provides a negative pressure type compost gas distribution device, which comprises a gas distribution bed 1 and a wind shield 2, wherein a ventilation chamber is formed inside the gas distribution bed 1, a gas inlet 11 is formed in one side wall of the gas distribution bed 1 and is used for introducing gas into the gas distribution bed 1 in the compost gas distribution process so as to enable organic solid wastes to react with oxygen, the wind shield 2 is arranged at the gas inlet 11 and can move to open or close the gas inlet 11, so that the oxygen content entering the gas distribution bed 1 can be conveniently adjusted, the oxygen content requirements of different periods of compost can be met, the yield of humic acid of the compost can be effectively improved, the quality of compost products can be improved, the recycling of the organic solid wastes can be promoted, the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed 1 is used for placing compost materials, the gas outlet 5 is formed in the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed 1, the ventilation chamber is communicated with the gas inlet 11 and the gas outlet 5, and the temperature of a, the air pressure at the air outlet 5 is low, the temperature at the air inlet 11 is low, the air pressure at the air inlet 11 is high, therefore, an air pressure difference is formed between the air inlet 11 and the air outlet 5, air enters the air distribution bed 1 from the air inlet 11 and is discharged from the outside from the air outlet 5, air flow exchange occurs in the process, the requirement of the composting process on oxygen is further met, unpowered negative pressure type air distribution is realized, composting energy consumption is reduced, the air distribution bed 1 is obliquely arranged, more preferably, an acute angle formed by a bed body of the air distribution bed 1 and a horizontal plane is 2 degrees, one end, far away from the air inlet 11, of the air distribution bed 1 is higher than one end, provided with the air inlet 11, of heap body percolate can flow out conveniently, and the cleaning is convenient.
Specifically, the air distribution bed 1 comprises an upper top surface, four side walls and a lower bottom surface, the four side walls are sequentially and fixedly connected end to end, the upper end of each side wall is fixedly connected with four edges of the upper top surface, the lower end of each side wall is fixedly connected with four edges of the lower bottom surface, preferably, the height of the air distribution bed 1 is 10cm, when organic solid waste is placed on the upper top surface, the vent chamber can provide oxygen required by reaction for the organic solid waste, but the height of the air distribution bed 1 in the negative pressure type compost air distribution device provided by the invention is not limited to 10cm, and technicians in the field can adaptively change the size of the air distribution bed 1 according to the actual compost air distribution requirements.
Fixed being equipped with in the middle part of cloth air bed 1 cuts off 3, cuts off 3 and extends and contact the top surface by the lower bottom surface upwards top surface for support cloth air bed 1, and cut off 3 and cut apart into different cavities with the plenum, cuts off 3 perpendicular with the lateral wall at air inlet 11 place, and in the in-service production use, technical personnel in the art can confirm the quantity of cutting off 3 according to the size of cloth air bed 1 and the bearing condition on surface, in order to guarantee the bulk strength of cloth air bed 1.
The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device comprises two gas inlets 11, wherein the two gas inlets 11 are respectively arranged on two sides of a partition 3, the partition 3 divides the gas distribution bed 1 into two chambers, and each chamber can be ventilated to ensure the oxygenation of organic solid wastes, but the number of the gas inlets 11 in the negative pressure type compost gas distribution device provided by the invention is not limited to two, and technicians in the field can adaptively change the number of the gas inlets 11 according to the number of the partitions 3 and the number of the divided chambers so that each chamber can be ventilated.
The upper top surface comprises a cover plate 4 and a ventilation plate 6, the cover plate 4 is of a reinforced concrete structure and is supported by the air distribution bed 1 and the partition 3 together, the pressure resistance of the bed body is ensured, the middle part of the cover plate 4 is provided with a communication port 41, the communication port 41 is used for communicating the ventilation chamber with the outside so as to facilitate ventilation, the ventilation plate 6 is detachably mounted at the communication port 41 so as to facilitate cleaning the inside of the air distribution bed 1 and the air outlet 5, the ventilation plate 6 is provided with a plurality of air outlets 5, so that the ventilation effect is ensured, and organic solid waste is prevented from falling into the air distribution bed 1 from the air outlet 5 due to the overlarge air outlet 5, the treatment efficiency of the organic solid waste is influenced, the cover plate 4 is better, the cover plate 4 is 60cm long, 35cm wide and 4cm thick, and reinforcing steel bars with the phi of 10.617 Kg and c30 (water: cement: sand: stone: 0.38: 1: 1.11: 2.72) are selected as.
Ventilating board 6 is the latticed skeleton that a plurality of reinforcing bar welded becomes, when doing benefit to the ventilation, prevent that the compost material from falling into inside the air vent, ventilating board 6 is last to be equipped with picture peg 61 with 2 ascending both ends in the vertical direction of deep bead, picture peg 61 is used for the position of fixed ventilating board 6, when installation ventilating board 6, picture peg 61 can hang in the both sides of apron 4, prevent that ventilating board 6 from removing by a wide margin, drop from apron 4, influence compost gas distribution, ventilating board 6 wide 10cm, and select phi 3 to weld the reinforcing bar of 0.055 Kg.
The wind shield 2 is a manual gate valve, the wind shield 2 is arranged at one end of the air inlet 11 far away from the air distribution bed 1, and the air introduced into the air distribution bed 1 is controlled by opening and closing the manual gate valve and controlling the opening and closing degree, so that the oxygen content is effectively controlled in the composting process, and the quality of compost products is improved.
The invention also provides a using method of the negative pressure type compost gas distribution device, which comprises the following steps,
s1: placing the perishable organic solid wastes subjected to shearing treatment on the upper top surface of the air distribution bed 1 in a triangular pile form to form a pile body, uniformly shearing the wastes into 3-5cm in diameter, wherein the perishable organic solid wastes mainly comprise various organic solid waste types such as farmland straws, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen wastes, household wastes, garden wastes, withered vegetables and the like;
s2: when the temperature of the compost rises in the early period of composting, the wind shield 2 is opened, oxygen is supplied from the air inlet 11, and when the temperature of the compost rises to 50 ℃, the compost enters a high-temperature period;
s3: oxygen is supplied intermittently during the high temperature of the compost, when the pH value of the pile is less than 5, the wind shield 2 is completely opened, oxygen is supplied vigorously, and mechanical pile turning operation is matched to avoid the anaerobic condition of the pile, when the pH value of the pile is less than 6.5, the wind shield 2 is opened 1/3, the opening degree and the opening time of the wind shield 2 are properly adjusted, and when the pH value of the pile is greater than 7, the wind shield 2 is closed;
s4: at the later stage of composting, MnO with the concentration of 2% is sprayed into the compost body2Suspending the liquid to improve the yield of humic acid in the compost.
Taking farmland straws as an example for composting, before the composting is started, the straws are cut into pieces with the diameter of 3-5cm, the straws are placed on an air distribution bed 1 in a triangular pile form, and in the early stage of the composting, a wind shield 2 is completely opened to ventilate vigorously so as to promote the temperature rise of the composting. Intermittently supplying oxygen when the compost temperature rises to 50 ℃, and adjusting the opening time and size of the wind shield 2 by taking the pH of the compost as a standard, such as when the pH of the compost<And 5, supplying oxygen vigorously and cooperating with mechanical turning operation to avoid compost anaerobism. When composting 5<pH<And 6.5, properly adjusting the opening degree and the opening time of the partition plate, closing the wind shield 2 when the pH value of the pile body is increased to be more than 7, and repeating the steps according to the pH monitoring result. When the compost enters the decomposing period, 2 percent of MnO is sprayed into the compost2And (3) suspending liquid to promote the precursor of the humic acid of the compost to polymerize and form the humic acid, improve the quality of compost products and promote the high quality of organic solid waste products.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a negative pressure formula compost gas distribution device which characterized in that: including gas distribution bed and deep bead, the inside draft chamber that forms of gas distribution bed, open one side wall of gas distribution bed has the air inlet, the deep bead is located air inlet department, and can remove to opening or seal the air inlet, the last top surface of gas distribution bed is used for placing the compost material, just the last top surface of gas distribution bed is opened there is the gas outlet, the draft chamber with the air inlet with the gas outlet all communicates, the slope of gas distribution bed sets up, keep away from on the gas distribution bed the one end height of air inlet is higher than be equipped with on the gas distribution bed the one end height of air inlet.
2. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 1, characterized in that: the gas distribution bed comprises an upper top surface, four side walls and a lower bottom surface, wherein the four side walls are sequentially fixedly connected end to end, the upper end of each side wall is fixedly connected with the four edges of the upper top surface, and the lower end of each side wall is fixedly connected with the four edges of the lower bottom surface.
3. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 2, characterized in that: the middle part of the air distribution bed is fixedly provided with a partition, the partition extends from the lower bottom surface to the upper top surface and contacts with the upper top surface, and is used for supporting the air distribution bed, and the partition divides the ventilation chamber into different chambers.
4. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 3, characterized in that: the partition is perpendicular to the side wall where the air inlet is located.
5. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 4, characterized in that: the number of the air inlets is two, and the two air inlets are respectively arranged on two sides of the partition.
6. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 2, characterized in that: go up the top surface and include apron and ventilating board, open at the apron middle part has the intercommunication mouth, the intercommunication mouth is used for the intercommunication air vent and external, the ventilating board demountable installation be in intercommunication mouth department, be equipped with a plurality of on the ventilating board the gas outlet.
7. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 6, characterized in that: the ventilating board is a latticed framework formed by welding a plurality of steel bars, inserting plates are arranged at two ends of the ventilating board in the vertical direction of the wind shield, and the inserting plates are used for fixing the position of the ventilating board.
8. The negative pressure type compost gas distribution device of claim 1, characterized in that: the wind shield is a manual gate valve and is installed at one end, far away from the air distribution bed, of the air inlet.
9. A negative pressure type compost gas distribution method is characterized in that: utilizing the negative pressure composting gas distribution device of any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of,
s1: placing the perishable organic solid wastes subjected to the shearing treatment on the upper top surface of the gas distribution bed in a triangular pile form to form a pile body;
s2: opening the wind shield when the temperature of the compost rises in the early composting period, supplying oxygen from the air inlet, and entering a composting high-temperature period when the temperature of the compost rises to 50 ℃;
s3: oxygen is supplied intermittently during the high temperature of the compost, when the pH value of the pile is less than 5, the wind shield is completely opened, oxygen is supplied vigorously, and the mechanical pile turning operation is matched to avoid the anaerobic condition of the pile, when the pH value of the pile is less than 5 and less than 6.5, the wind shield is opened 1/3, the opening degree and the opening time of the wind shield are adjusted properly, and when the pH value of the pile is greater than 7, the wind shield is closed;
s4: at the later stage of composting, MnO with the concentration of 2% is sprayed into the compost body2And (4) suspending the solution.
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Application publication date: 20200825 |