CN110153415A - 一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110153415A
CN110153415A CN201910527798.8A CN201910527798A CN110153415A CN 110153415 A CN110153415 A CN 110153415A CN 201910527798 A CN201910527798 A CN 201910527798A CN 110153415 A CN110153415 A CN 110153415A
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alloy
powder
ferroaluminium
neodymium iron
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郭春荣
刘光亮
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GANZHOU HUAJING RARE EARTH NEW MATERIALS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法，属于稀土永磁材料技术领域。所述钕铁硼磁体是由主相合金粉末，和一种具有非晶及纳米晶结构的高总量稀土铁铝合金作为副相合金通过烧结工艺制备而成，所述主相合金的粒度为2‑5微米，副相合金的粒度为1‑2微米，所述主相合金粉末与副相合金在混合料中的质量百分比分别为80‑99.9％、0.1‑20％。所述高总量稀土铁铝合金，稀土可为稀土元素的一种或多种，稀土、铁、铝在合金中的质量百分比分别为50‑90％、8‑40％、2‑10％，本发明在实现降低10‑50％重稀土使用量的同时，利用非晶和纳米晶结构高防氧化特性，降低了磁体富钕相在生产过程中的氧含量并提高了磁体矫顽力和产品的一致性。

Description

一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于新材料领域，特别涉及一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法。
背景技术
烧结钕铁硼磁体作为第三代永磁材料，具有高磁能积和高矫顽力的特点。高能积磁体可以使器件小型化，轻量化，因而在计算机、通讯等领域得到广泛应用。随着磁体的小型化，磁体的机加工以及电镀对磁体的损伤较大，从而导致磁体无法满足耐温要求。目前，主要通过提高磁体的内禀矫顽力来满足磁体的耐温要求。高的内禀矫顽力意味着高比例的重稀土添加，也就意味着配方成本的上升，如何降低重稀土使用量，同时又能保证产品的使用要求，是烧结钕铁硼产业面临的主要问题。目前通过合理设计双合金配方，在合适的工艺条件下，可以制造出低重稀土含量的烧结钕铁硼磁体，大幅降低配方成本，为此，我们提出一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法，可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种钕铁硼磁体，该钕铁硼磁体是由主合金粉末和一种具有非晶及纳米晶结构的高总量稀土铁铝合金作为副合金通过烧结方法制备而成，且该主合金粉末由下述质量百分比的原料制成，PrNd：15-31wt％，Dy：0-10wt％，Tb：0-10wt％，B：0.92-1wt％，Al：0-0.8wt％，Cu：0.05-0.3wt％，Co：0.5-2wt％，Zr：0.1-0.5wt％，Ga：0.05-0.5wt％，Fe余量。
优选的，所述高总量稀土铁铝合金为镨铁铝、钕铁铝、镝铁铝、铽铁铝、钬铁铝合金中的一种或几种，进一步优选，所述的高总量稀土铁铝合金为镝铁铝合金。
一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法，该钕铁硼磁体制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、配料：将原材料按规定比例称重；
步骤二、将主合金用铸片炉熔炼浇铸成甩片，将该甩片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为2-5微米的合金粉末；
步骤三、将副合金用铸片炉熔炼化开，确保浇铸温度不超过合金熔点200℃进行浇铸成0.1-0.5mm的铸片，由于成分三元合金具有极强的非晶形成能力，在常规铸片炉近1000℃/S的冷速下，极易形成非晶结构和纳米晶结构，将该铸片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为1-2微米的合金粉末；
步骤四、取80-99.9％的主合金粉末和0.1-20％高总量稀土铁铝粉末，在含量为99.99％以上的高纯氮气保护下进行混合搅拌，搅拌时间为4-8小时；
步骤五、将搅拌好的粉末在氮气保护下放入成型压机模具中，加磁场取向成型得到成型密度为3.6-4.2g/cm3的生坯；
步骤六、等静压：塑料薄膜包好并真空封装的毛坯放入等静压压机中，在150-300MPa油压下，毛坯密度进一步提高至4.4-4.8g/cm3；
步骤七、烧结与回火：在氮气保护下，剥去真空袋和薄膜，放入石墨盒，快速进炉进行高温烧结和时效，最终制得钕铁硼磁体。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：该一种钕铁硼磁体制备方法，通过烧结工艺制备而成，主相合金的粒度为2-5微米，副相合金的粒度为1-2微米，主相合金粉末与副相合金在混合料中的质量百分比分别为80-99.9％、0.1-20％，高总量稀土铁铝合金，稀土可为稀土元素的一种或多种，稀土、铁、铝在合金中的质量百分比分别为50-90％、5-40％、2-10％，本发明在实现降低10-50％重稀土使用量的同时，利用非晶和纳米晶结构高防氧化特性，降低了磁体富钕相在生产过程中的氧含量并提高了磁体矫顽力和产品的一致性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
一种钕铁硼磁体，该钕铁硼磁体是由主合金粉末和一种具有非晶及纳米晶结构的高总量稀土铁铝合金作为副合金通过烧结方法制备而成，且该主合金粉末由下述质量百分比的原料制成，PrNd：15-31wt％，Dy：0-10wt％，Tb：0-10wt％，B：0.92-1wt％，Al：0-0.8wt％，Cu：0.05-0.3wt％，Co：0.5-2wt％，Zr：0.1-0.5wt％，Ga：0.05-0.5wt％，Fe余量。
高总量稀土铁铝合金为镨铁铝、钕铁铝、镝铁铝、铽铁铝、钬铁铝合金中的一种或几种，进一步优选，所述的高总量稀土铁铝合金为镝铁铝合金。
在制备时，将原材料按规定比例称重，将主合金用铸片炉熔炼浇铸成甩片，将该甩片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为2-5微米的合金粉末；将副合金用铸片炉熔炼化开，确保浇铸温度不超过合金熔点200℃进行浇铸成0.1-0.5mm的铸片，由于所述成分三元合金具有极强的非晶形成能力，在常规铸片炉近1000℃/S的冷速下，极易形成非晶结构和纳米晶结构，将该铸片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为1-2微米的合金粉末；取80-99.9％的主合金粉末和0.1-20％高总量稀土铁铝粉末，在含量为99.99％以上的高纯氮气保护下进行混合搅拌，搅拌时间为4-8小时；将搅拌好的粉末在氮气保护下放入成型压机模具中，加磁场取向成型得到成型密度为3.6-4.2g/cm3的生坯；等静压：塑料薄膜包好并真空封装的毛坯放入等静压压机中，在150-300MPa油压下，毛坯密度进一步提高至4.4-4.8g/cm3；烧结与回火：在氮气保护下，剥去真空袋和薄膜，放入石墨盒，快速进炉进行高温烧结和时效得到钕铁硼磁体，通过烧结工艺制备而成，主相合金的粒度为2-5微米，副相合金的粒度为1-2微米，主相合金粉末与副相合金在混合料中的质量百分比分别为80-99.9％、0.1-20％，高总量稀土铁铝合金，稀土可为稀土元素的一种或多种，稀土、铁、铝在合金中的质量百分比分别为50-90％、5-40％、2-10％，在实现降低10-50％重稀土使用量的同时，利用非晶和纳米晶结构高防氧化特性，降低了磁体富钕相在生产过程中的氧含量并提高了磁体矫顽力和产品的一致性。
实施例1
将原材料按规定比例称重，将主合金用铸片炉熔炼浇铸成甩片，将该甩片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为2微米的合金粉末；将副合金用铸片炉熔炼化开，确保浇铸温度不超过合金熔点200℃进行浇铸成0.1mm的铸片；取85％的主合金粉末和15％副合金粉末，在含量为99.99％以上的高纯氮气保护下进行混合搅拌，搅拌时间为4小时；将搅拌好的粉末在氮气保护下放入成型压机模具中，加磁场取向成型得到成型密度为3.6g/cm3的生坯；塑料薄膜包好并真空封装的毛坯放入等静压压机中，在150MPa油压下，毛坯密度进一步提高至4.4g/cm3；在氮气保护下，剥去真空袋和薄膜，放入石墨盒，快速进炉进行高温烧结和时效得到钕铁硼磁体，经检测，主相合金的粒度为2微米，副相合金的粒度为1微米，主相合金粉末与副相合金在混合料中的质量百分比分别为85％、15％，钕铁硼磁体同性相斥，异性相吸，磁性优异。
实施例2
将原材料按规定比例称重；将主合金用铸片炉熔炼浇铸成甩片，将该甩片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为5微米的合金粉末；将副合金用铸片炉熔炼化开，确保浇铸温度不超过合金熔点200℃进行浇铸成0.5mm的铸片；取91％的主合金粉末和9％副合金粉末，在含量为99.99％以上的高纯氮气保护下进行混合搅拌，搅拌时间为8小时；将搅拌好的粉末在氮气保护下放入成型压机模具中，加磁场取向成型得到成型密度为4.2g/cm3的生坯；塑料薄膜包好并真空封装的毛坯放入等静压压机中，在300MPa油压下，毛坯密度进一步提高至4.8g/cm3；在氮气保护下，剥去真空袋和薄膜，放入石墨盒，快速进炉进行高温烧结和时效得到钕铁硼磁体，经检测，主相合金的粒度为5微米，副相合金的粒度为2微米，所述主相合金粉末与副相合金在混合料中的质量百分比分别为91％、9％，钕铁硼磁体同性相斥，异性相吸，磁性优异。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种钕铁硼磁体，其特征在于，该钕铁硼磁体是由主合金粉末和一种具有非晶及纳米晶结构的高总量稀土铁铝合金作为副合金通过烧结方法制备而成，且该主合金粉末由下述质量百分比的原料制成，PrNd：15-31wt％，Dy：0-10wt％，Tb：0-10wt％，B：0.92-1wt％，Al：0-0.8wt％，Cu：0.05-0.3wt％，Co：0.5-2wt％，Zr：0.1-0.5wt％，Ga：0.05-0.5wt％，Fe余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼磁体，其特征在于，所述高总量稀土铁铝合金为镨铁铝、钕铁铝、镝铁铝、铽铁铝、钬铁铝合金中的一种或几种，进一步优选，所述的高总量稀土铁铝合金为镝铁铝合金。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的一种钕铁硼磁体的制备方法，其特征在于，该钕铁硼磁体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、配料：将原材料按规定比例称重；
步骤二、将主合金用铸片炉熔炼浇铸成甩片，将该甩片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为2-5微米的合金粉末；
步骤三、将副合金用铸片炉熔炼化开，确保浇铸温度不超过合金熔点200℃进行浇铸成0.1-0.5mm的铸片，由于成分三元合金具有极强的非晶形成能力，在常规铸片炉近1000℃/S的冷速下，极易形成非晶结构和纳米晶结构，将该铸片经过氢碎、气流磨制备成平均粒度为1-2微米的合金粉末；
步骤四、取80-99.9％的主合金粉末和0.1-20％高总量稀土铁铝粉末，在含量为99.99％以上的高纯氮气保护下进行混合搅拌，搅拌时间为4-8小时；
步骤五、将搅拌好的粉末在氮气保护下放入成型压机模具中，加磁场取向成型得到成型密度为3.6-4.2g/cm3的生坯；
步骤六、等静压：塑料薄膜包好并真空封装的毛坯放入等静压压机中，在150-300MPa油压下，毛坯密度进一步提高至4.4-4.8g/cm3；
步骤七、烧结与回火：在氮气保护下，剥去真空袋和薄膜，放入石墨盒，快速进炉进行高温烧结和时效，最终制得钕铁硼磁体。
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