CN110150086A - A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse - Google Patents

A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110150086A
CN110150086A CN201910535502.7A CN201910535502A CN110150086A CN 110150086 A CN110150086 A CN 110150086A CN 201910535502 A CN201910535502 A CN 201910535502A CN 110150086 A CN110150086 A CN 110150086A
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matrix
tomato
cultivation
comparative example
field planting
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田素波
林桂玉
郭永军
梁秀芹
梁增文
李金玲
冯燕青
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Shandong Huavegetable Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Yongsheng (shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Shandong Huavegetable Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Yongsheng (shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910535502.7A priority Critical patent/CN110150086A/en
Publication of CN110150086A publication Critical patent/CN110150086A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides the matrix and cultural method of a kind of cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse, belong to salt-soda soil technical field of vegetable cultivation.Matrix of the present invention includes filling substrate and cultivation matrix, and the matrix water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, and good permeability, recovery electric heating system is good, strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil.Cultural method of the invention includes following key step: cultivation bed being arranged in heliogreenhouse, is successively laid with isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation matrix from the bottom up in cultivation bed；EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer are applied in the cultivation matrix of cultivation bed；Tomato is planted, applies inducer after field planting；Early spring stubble tomato applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed.The generation that cultural method of the invention can slow down matrix salt pool, control soil-borne disease reduces the use of chemical pesticide, improves tomato yield.

Description

A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse
Technical field
It is cultivated the present invention relates to salt-soda soil technical field of vegetable cultivation more particularly to a kind of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse Matrix and cultural method.
Background technique
Salt-soda soil is a soil type of salt aggregation, refers to that salinity contained by soil the inside influences the normal of crop Growth.Due to being influenced by limiting factors such as edaphic conditions, salt-soda soil be used for planting vegetable when, often show root growth by Inhibit, tip of a root browning, entire root system blacks the bad phenomenons such as rot when serious；When salinization and alkalization is serious, plant is also resulted in Cauline leaf is withered, and blade atrophy, growth retardation influences plant strain growth and yield.Current utilization of China's facilities vegetable to saline-alkali soil Rate is small, and salt affected soil situation difference is big in same facility, and peasant household production measure it is different, cause victual quality, Under low output, and salt-soda soil agricultural high-effiency is utilized and is of great significance to the promotion of China's facilities vegetable.
Sand culture is a kind of Soilless Culture Methods carried out using sandstone for matrix.Sand culture cultivation technique is easy to learn, investment At low cost, benefit is preferable, is a kind of cultivation mode for being worth promoting in salt-soda soil.But existing salt-soda soil sand culture cultivation mode has Many is difficult to the drawbacks of overcoming:
(1) matrix sterilizes cumbersome trouble, must dig out cultivation matrix from cultivation bed annual 6~July, after disinfection again Again it is backfilled to cultivation bed, it is time-consuming.
(2) dosage of water and fertilizer is more, and absorption rate is not also high, is easy to generate salt accumulation, matrix easily salt again Poolization needs replacing new cultivation matrix after continuously planting 3~4 years.
(3) sand culture matrix poor air permeability, buffer capacity, retention ability and fertilizer-preserving ability are poor in addition, and root system development is bad, plant Growing way is weak, and yield is far below the soil cultivation under same management level.
(4) almost without organic matter in sand culture matrix, microorganism is few, once the infection soil-borne disease original, is easy to cause Soil-borne disease outburst.
In order to increase matrix gas permeability and prevent matrix ponding, the prior art is usually discarded at one layer of matrix down discharge Plastic seeding culturing hole tray or infiltration slot or stone, the technology increase matrix gas permeability to a certain extent, reduce matrix ponding, But the heat exchange for also having obstructed matrix and soil simultaneously, affects the stability of crop rhizosphere temperature, can generate to plant growth Adverse effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the matrix and cultural method of a kind of cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse, the present invention Matrix water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability it is strong, good permeability, recovery electric heating system is good, strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil；Cultivation side of the invention The generation that method can slow down matrix salt pool, control soil-borne disease reduces the use of chemical pesticide, improves tomato yield.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, and the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Train matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Volume ratio 0.6~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice The volume ratio of shell, coco bran and the second clinker is 5~7: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.5: 3~5；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
Preferably, the partial size of the sand is 0.8~2mm.
Preferably, the partial size of the coco bran is 3~5mm.
Preferably, the partial size of the carbonization rice husk is 2~4mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation in salt-soda soil is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, heliogreenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation are successively laid in cultivation bed Matrix is trained, venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) before the field planting of autumn and winter stubble tomato, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then EM bacterium is applied in matrix Agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) the cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later, repeats step 2), step 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times；
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm；Cultivation matrix described in step 1) with a thickness of 24~ 28cm；The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh；
In step 1), venthole is connected with filling substrate；Control ditch is connected to each field planting groove；
In step 3), autumn and winter stubble tomato, late August to early September field planting plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40 along each field planting groove two sides ~50cm, Netted melon, 30 days vertical hanging tendrils after field planting, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to fixed It plants on the hanger steel wire right above row, starts November to harvest, be extended down to early and middle ten days in January and uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested to early Febuary；
In step 4), early spring stubble tomato, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble tomato in the ranks, uniline kind It plants, 20~25cm of spacing in the rows, Netted melon, autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and by new plant Hanging tendril is tilted to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, adjacent 2 plants of difference It ties up on hanger steel wire different above field planting groove, starts April to harvest, mid-July uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；
In step 5), the close plastic shed is that cultivation bed covers mulch after athomin applies matrix, closes sunlight greenhouse vent 15-20 days, after remove mulch；
Inducer in EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, step 3) and step 4) in step 2) and peppery in step 5) Root element is applied by trickle irrigation.
Preferably, the amount of application of EM bacteria agent described in step 2) is 1.4~1.8kg/667m2；EM bacterium described in step 2) Effective viable bacteria concentration is 250~35,000,000,000/g in agent.
Preferably, the amount of application of ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2) is 2.5~3L/667m2；Amino described in step 2) Content >=100g/L of amino acid in acid solution fertilizer.
Preferably, inducer described in step 3) and step 4) includes the raw material of following mass parts: chitosan 0.5~1.5 9~11 parts of part and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；The amount of application of the inducer is 36~40g/667m2。
Preferably, the dosage form of athomin described in step 5) is aqua；The mass percentage of athomin in the aqua It is 15%~25%；The amount of application of athomin described in step 5) is 3~5L/667m2。
Preferably, the width of cultivation bed described in step 1) is 55~65cm；The depth of the cultivation bed is 30~34cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, the bases Matter includes filling substrate and cultivation matrix；The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization The volume ratio of rice husk and the first clinker is 0.6~1: 1；The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran With the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker volume ratio be 5~7: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.5: 3 ~5.Matrix water holding of the invention and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, reduce watering and fertilizer application frequency, water-saving fertilizer-saving significant effect, with tradition Sand culture compares water-saving 17.6% or so, saves fertilizer amount 17.6% or so；Also, matrix good permeability of the invention, accumulation of heat Property it is good, strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil, so that Tomato Root System is flourishing, robust plant is conducive to improve yield, and tomato produces Amount can be improved 20% or more, reach yield level under the conditions of normal soil.Also, matrix of the invention can also disappear in situ Poison avoids cultivation matrix and digs out from cultivation bed and backfill again, reduces labor intensity, time saving and energy saving, is conducive to save life It produces cost and is widely applied.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation in salt-soda soil is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, heliogreenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps: 1) exist Cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, is successively laid with isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation base from the bottom up in cultivation bed Matter；2) EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer are applied in the cultivation matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed；3) tomato is planted, is applied after field planting Use inducer；4) early spring stubble applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed.Cultural method of the invention can slow down matrix salt pool Change, so that cultivation matrix service life increases, extended to 7 years or more by original 3~4 years, further save production cost； Also, the present invention is in cultivation matrix by applying EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, change beneficial bacterium in chiltern matrix it is few and Beneficial bacterium is not easy the defect of development growth, provides the environmental condition of development growth for beneficial bacterium, can fully control soil-borne disease Generation, chemical pesticide amount ratio tradition sand culture of the invention reduces 40%；The present invention induces tomato by application inducer Resistance is generated to multiple diseases, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces the use of chemical pesticide.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, and the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Train matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Volume ratio is 0.6~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice The volume ratio of shell, coco bran and the second clinker is 5~7: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.5: 3~5；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
In the present invention, the volume ratio of the carbonization rice husk and the first clinker is preferably 0.8: 1；The grain of the carbonization rice husk Diameter is preferably 2~4mm, more preferably 3mm；The partial size of first clinker is preferably 1.1cm.
In the present invention, the sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker volume ratio be preferably 6: 1: 1: 2；The sand The partial size of son is preferably 0.8~2mm, more preferably 1~1.5mm；The partial size of the carbonization rice husk is preferably 2~4mm, more preferably For 3mm；The partial size of the coco bran is preferably 3~5mm, more preferably 4mm；The partial size of second clinker is preferably 0.6~ 0.7cm。
The present invention is using filling substrate and cultivation matrix cultivated tomato, and matrix good permeability, water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, stores It is hot good, it is strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil, so that Tomato Root System is flourishing, robust plant.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation in salt-soda soil is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation are successively laid in cultivation bed Matrix is trained, venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) before the field planting of autumn and winter stubble tomato, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then EM bacterium is applied in matrix Agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) the cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later, repeats step 2), step 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times.
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm, preferably 5cm；The thickness of cultivation matrix described in step 1) Degree is 24~28cm, preferably 26cm；The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh, preferably 6~7 mesh.
In the present invention, the mode of the salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation is preferably autumn and winter stubble -- early spring stubble bi-annual planting Interplanting.Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine.
Cultivation bed is arranged in the present invention in heliogreenhouse first, is successively laid with isolation film from the bottom up in cultivation bed, fills out Fill matrix, fly net and cultivation matrix；The cultivation bed is preferably North and South direction setting；The south of the cultivation bed is preferred Setting control ditch, the control ditch is connected to each cultivation bed；The depth in the control ditch is preferably 35~45cm, more preferably 40cm；The width in the control ditch is preferably 35~45cm, more preferably 40cm；The control ditch is connected to the outer gutter of canopy, It is discharged outside canopy in time to control the water in ditch, does not influence the venthole ventilation of the field planting groove south.
In the present invention, the width of the cultivation bed is preferably 55~65cm, more preferably 60cm；The depth of the cultivation bed Preferably 30~34cm, more preferably 32m；The spacing of adjacent cultivation bed is preferably 110~130cm, more preferably 120cm；Institute The north and south both ends for stating cultivation bed are preferably provided with venthole；The venthole is preferably connected with filling substrate, is conducive to mention The gas permeability of Super matrix, Tomato Root System is flourishing, robust plant.
In the present invention, the isolation film is preferably polyethylene film；The thickness of the isolation film is preferably 6~10, more Preferably 8；The length of the isolation film is preferably greater than the length of cultivation bed；The width of the isolation film is preferably 1.2~ 1.6m, more preferably 1.3m, the length of isolation film described in specific implementation process of the present invention is than field planting flute length 1m；The isolation film It is preferably disposed in bottom and the inner wall of cultivation bed；The effect of the isolation film is isolation matrix and soil.
After cultivation bed is arranged in heliogreenhouse, currently preferred further includes that matrix is rinsed, i.e. cleaning matrix, the present invention In specific implementation process, continues trickle irrigation to after being saturated to matrix trickle irrigation clear water using drip irrigation equipment, so that water is leaked out to control ditch, directly It obviously shoals to water color, until reaching limpid；The effect of the cleaning matrix is to eliminate medicament residue.
After cleaning matrix, the present invention applies EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer in the cultivation matrix of cultivation bed；The EM The amount of application of microbial inoculum is preferably 1.4~1.8kg/667m2, more preferably 1.5kg/667m2；Effective viable bacteria is dense in the EM bacteria agent Degree is preferably 250~35,000,000,000/g, more preferably 30,000,000,000/g；The EM bacteria agent, which is preferably purchased from Henan crowd nation biological products, to be had Limit company；The amount of application of the ammino acid liquid fertilizer is preferably 2.5~3L/667m2, more preferably 2.75~2.9L/667m2；It is described In ammino acid liquid fertilizer the content of amino acid it is preferred >=100g/L；The ammino acid liquid fertilizer is preferably purchased from the agriculture of Johnson & Johnson, Henan Province Industry development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
In specific implementation process of the present invention, in the cultivation bed apply EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer mixing after irrigate in Water application；The mode of the irrigation is preferably trickle irrigation.The present invention applies the beneficial microbe in the effect supplement matrix of EM bacteria agent, It advantageously reduces soil-borne disease and matrix salt poolization occurs, improve the service life of matrix；The present invention applies ammino acid liquid fertilizer Effect is that the environmental condition of development growth is provided for beneficial bacterium, is conducive to beneficial microbe growth and breeding.
After applying EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer in the cultivation matrix of cultivation bed, the present invention plants tomato, applies after field planting Use inducer；The present invention is not particularly limited the kind of the tomato, in specific implementation process of the present invention, the product of the tomato Kind is preferably that Ao Feite and ori are good；Autumn and winter stubble, along cultivation bed planted on two sides, each cultivation bed plants 2 rows, and the line-spacing of cultivation is excellent It is selected as 55~65cm, more preferably 60cm；The spacing in the rows of cultivation is preferably 40~50cm, more preferably 45cm；Early spring stubble interplanting in In the ranks, uniline plantation, the spacing in the rows of cultivation is preferably 20~25cm to autumn and winter stubble tomato, more preferably 22.5cm.
In the present invention, autumn and winter stubble, the time of field planting is preferably the field planting of late August to early September；Early spring stubble, field planting when Between preferably early and middle ten days in January to early Febuary；More preferably the autumn and winter stubble uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested before 30d；In specific implementation process of the present invention, the autumn and winter 30d extracts the blade of autumn and winter stubble tomato middle and lower part before stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and uniline plants early spring stubble tomato seedling；The present invention is to the field planting Method does not have particular/special requirement, using conventional method in that art.
Inducer is applied after present invention field planting；The inducer preferably includes the raw material of following mass parts: chitosan 0.5 ~1.5 parts and 9~11 parts of poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；It is furthermore preferred that the inducer includes the raw material of following mass parts: chitosan 1 part and 10 parts of poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；The inducer is applied after being preferably dissolved in water；The present invention is not special to the content of water It is required that inducer can sufficiently be dissolved；5~7d after the administration time of the inducer is preferably colonized, it is more preferably fixed 6d after plant；The method of application of the inducer preferably irrigates dissolved in water, is applied to tomato root；The mode of the irrigation is excellent Choosing includes trickle irrigation；The amount of application of the inducer is preferably 36~40g/667m2, more preferably 38g/667m2；The present invention applies It is that effectively defence tomato endangers in the suitable warm luminous environment in Asia and induction tomato generates multiple diseases and resists with the effect of inducer Property, have the effect of promoting growth, resists disease, enhancing photosynthesis, increases yield.
After applying inducer, currently preferred further includes training；The mode of the training is preferably Netted melon.
Currently preferred further includes hanging tendril；25~35d, more preferably 30d after the time of the hanging tendril is preferably colonized. The present invention is not particularly limited the mode of the hanging tendril, using conventional method in that art；Specific implementation process of the present invention Middle setting hanger steel wire: the 1st hanger steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire are set away from ground 1.8m right above cultivation bed；Described 1st hangs The parallel ground of plane where frame steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire；The spacing of the 1st hanger steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire is preferred For 60cm；Autumn and winter stubble: one end of plastics lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to the hanger steel right above field planting row On silk；Early spring stubble: autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is hung to two sides inclination Climing, adjacent 2 plants of tomatoes, one end of plastics lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to right above field planting groove not respectively On same hanger steel wire.
After hanging tendril, the present invention harvests tomato, and athomin is applied after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed；Autumn and winter stubble, the time of the harvest For November；Early spring stubble, the time of the harvest are April；The present invention is not particularly limited the mode of the harvest, uses The method that this field routinely harvests tomato；Autumn and winter stubble, the time uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested be preferably January early and middle ten days to early Febuary；It is early Spring stubble, the time uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested is preferably mid-July；The present invention is not particularly limited the mode uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, using ability The method that domain is routinely uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested.
The present invention applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested；The dosage form of the athomin is preferably aqua；The quality hundred of the athomin Point content is preferably 15%~25%, and more preferably 20%；The amount of application of the athomin is preferably 3~5L/667m2, more excellent It is selected as 4L/667m2；The usage mode of the athomin preferably irrigates dissolved in water；The mode of the irrigation is preferably trickle irrigation； The athomin is preferably purchased from Xi'an Wei Te biotechnology Co., Ltd.In the present invention, the effect of athomin is applied It is matrix disinfection.
In the present invention, the specific implementation process of the close plastic shed are as follows: mulch is covered to cultivation bed, closes heliogreenhouse ventilation Mouthful, carry out close plastic shed；The time of the close plastic shed is preferably 15~20d, more preferably 16~18d.
After close plastic shed, currently preferred further includes removing mulch, cleans matrix, applies EM bacteria agent and aminoacids solution Fertilizer carries out next batch of tomato cultivation.
In the present invention, the cultural method preferably further include watering, application and fertilising, the present invention to it is described watering, apply Medicine and the number of fertilising, frequency, amount of application etc. are without specifically limited, using conventional method in that art.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Following embodiment and comparative example are to implement the fixed point sand culture examination for many years of salt-soda soil tomato in Shouguang City the north Nan Muqiaocun It tests.It should be understood that in addition to 8 matrix of comparative example is updated by prescribed requirement, the matrix of other embodiments and comparative example and upper one Annual stubble remains unchanged.
Embodiment 1
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.
The 1st annual stubble time tomato cultivation is carried out by following scheme.
A kind of method of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, heliogreenhouse are interior using autumn and winter stubble -- early spring stubble bi-annual planting Nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, late August to early September field planting, starts to harvest, be extended down to early and middle ten days in January November It uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested to early Febuary；Early spring stubble, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble tomato in the ranks, start April to harvest, July The middle ten days uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 32cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Isolation film, is isolated matrix and soil, and venthole is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene with a thickness of 8 Film is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove, matrix is isolated with soil, isolation film width 1.3m, length ratio field planting flute length 1m, To cover the soil at field planting groove north and south both ends.
2) matrix: including by carbonization rice husk and bulky grain clinker by volume 0.8: 1 filling substrate formed and by sand, The cultivation matrix of carbonization rice husk and little particle clinker 6: 1: 1: 4 compositions by volume；Sand partial size 0.8mm, carbonization rice husk partial size 2mm, coco bran partial size 3mm, bulky grain clinker partial size 1cm, little particle clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: first adding filling substrate after being laid with isolation film, thickness 5cm covers one layer of 5 mesh on filling substrate Fly net, then cultivation matrix is added on fly net, thickness 26cm, venthole is connected with filling substrate.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；It is peppery by 20% after each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested Root element aqua 667m2Dosage 3L applies matrix by trickle irrigation, and cultivation bed covers mulch, closes sunlight greenhouse vent close plastic shed 15 It；Mulch is removed after close plastic shed, is rinsed matrix, is added EM bacterium, 667m later2Add the EM bacterium stoste of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste are mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation, carries out autumn and winter stubble tomato cultivation next time.Amino Acid solution fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows along each field planting groove two sides, and spacing in the rows 45cm, 5d is poured to apply and once be lured after field planting One end of anti-agent aqueous solution, Netted melon, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to On hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, plants in duplicate rows Strain middle, uniline plant tomato seedling, and spacing in the rows 22.5cm, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution, Netted melon, autumn and winter after field planting Stubble tomato harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to The base portion of tomato plant, the other end tie up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to hanger steel wire different above field planting groove respectively On.Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is dissolved in after water through trickle irrigation and irrigation water one With application tomato root, 667m2Dosage 36-40g.
Comparative example 1
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.
The 1st annual stubble time Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, daylight are carried out by technical solution most common in following current production Using autumn and winter stubble in greenhouse -- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, is colonized date same embodiment 1, the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, is realized Rich water medicine integrated management；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 32cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 31cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug out, routinely method disappears It is refilled by after poison, carries out autumn and winter stubble tomato cultivation next time.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 45cm, Netted melon, 30d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Vertical hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring Stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, and in duplicate rows plant middle, uniline plants tomato seedling, spacing in the rows 22.5cm, Netted melon, autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finish, and remove original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is rolled to two Oblique hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to field planting respectively Above slot on different hanger steel wires.
Comparative example 2
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.
The 1st annual stubble time Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, heliogreenhouse is interior using autumn and winter stubble -- Early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1； Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine；Also Including following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 32cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 31cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug Out, it is routinely refilled by after method disinfection, rinses matrix, add EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium for adding 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is former Liquid 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation, carries out autumn and winter stubble tomato cultivation next time.Ammonia Base acid solution fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 45cm, Netted melon, 30d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Vertical hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring Stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, and in duplicate rows plant middle, uniline plants tomato seedling, spacing in the rows 22.5cm, Netted melon, autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finish, and remove original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is rolled to two Oblique hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to field planting respectively Above slot on different hanger steel wires.
Comparative example 3
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.
The 1st annual stubble time Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, heliogreenhouse is interior using autumn and winter stubble -- Early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1； Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine；Also Including following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 32cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 31cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug Out, it is routinely refilled by after method disinfection, rinses matrix, add EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium for adding 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is former Liquid 1.5kg carries out autumn and winter stubble tomato cultivation next time.Ammino acid liquid fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2 Dosage 2.5L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows along each field planting groove two sides, and spacing in the rows 45cm is poured and applied one for 5-7 days after field planting One end of secondary inducer aqueous solution, Netted melon, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, the other end It ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, double Row plant middle, uniline plant tomato seedling, and spacing in the rows 22.5cm, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution after field planting, Netted melon, Autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope to two sides The base portion of tomato plant is tied up to, the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to hanger steel different above field planting groove respectively On silk.Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is dissolved in after water through trickle irrigation and irrigation water Tomato root, 667m are applied together2Dosage 36g.
Comparative example 4
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.
The 1st annual stubble time Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, heliogreenhouse is interior using autumn and winter stubble -- Early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1； Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine；Also Including following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 32cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 31cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；It is peppery by 20% after each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested Root element aqua 667m2Dosage 3L applies matrix by trickle irrigation, and cultivation bed covers mulch, closes sunlight greenhouse vent close plastic shed 15d； Mulch is removed after close plastic shed, is rinsed matrix, is added EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium stoste 1.5kg of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is added, Carry out autumn and winter stubble tomato cultivation next time.Ammino acid liquid fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5L。
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows along each field planting groove two sides, and spacing in the rows 45cm is poured and applied one for 5-7 days after field planting One end of secondary inducer aqueous solution, Netted melon, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, the other end It ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, double Row plant middle, uniline plant tomato seedling, and spacing in the rows 22.5cm, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution after field planting, Netted melon, Autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope to two sides The base portion of tomato plant is tied up to, the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to hanger steel different above field planting groove respectively On silk.Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is dissolved in after water through trickle irrigation and irrigation water Tomato root, 667m are applied together2Dosage 36g.
45d measures plant root vigor in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1~4 after field planting；Investigate root knot nematode disease, bacterium Property marrow necrosis disease and a situation arises in the fields such as late blight；Count the service condition of chemical pesticide, watering and fertilising situation and kind Eggplant yield；Investigate tomato rhizosphere temperature variations.Test result is referring to table 1.
1 embodiment 1 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 1~4 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As shown in Table 1, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2,3 and of comparative example Comparative example 4 is respectively 131.6mgg-1·h-1、109.3mg·g-1·h-1、102.6mg·g-1·h-1、105.7mg·g-1· h-1And 108.4mgg-1·h-1, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches significantly between comparative example 4 Level, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparison Example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 118.9mgg-1·h-1、96.3mg·g-1·h-1、92.8mg·g-1·h-1、 96.5mg·g-1·h-1And 97.2mgg-1·h-1, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, between comparative example 4 Difference reaches the level of signifiance, and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are not sent out It is raw；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 0,4.1%, 4.8%, 5.3% and 4.8%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance between comparative example 4, comparative example 1, right Ratio 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4.
Bacterialpithnecrosis disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 Respectively 1.8%, 9.5%, 10.2%, 11.3% and 9.9%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparison Difference reaches the level of signifiance between example 4, and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble Embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 0,5.3%, 6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, are implemented Example 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparison between comparative example 4 Difference is not significant between example 3, comparative example 4.
Late blight disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 2.2%, 11.6%, 10.9%, 12.4% and 11.5%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 it Between difference reach the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 1.8%, 8.7%, 9.2%, 8.4% and 9.5%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example between comparative example 4 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4.
4 two batches of embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example spraying times are respectively 15 times, 25 times, 25 times, 25 times and 25 times.Plant disease resistance of the present invention is strong, chemical pesticide can be reduced in production using 10 times, chemical pesticide uses Amount reduces 40%.
Embodiment 1 is watered 12 times than 4 two batches of comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example reduction trickle irrigations after field planting. Substrate buffer ability of the present invention, retention ability and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, and water-saving 17.6% or so, fertilizer amount 17.6% or so is saved, Water-saving fertilizer-saving significant effect.
4 two batches of embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 19925.2kg, 16492.9kg, 16513.5kg, 16558.6kg and 16583.5kg, the more other processing of embodiment 1 improve 20% or more, reach the yield level under the conditions of the normal soil of same management level.
When summer and autumn external world's maximum temperature is 36 DEG C -38 DEG C, maximum temperature is at 1 tomato rhizosphere 10cm of embodiment 25.8 DEG C, maximum temperature is 28.3 DEG C at 1 tomato rhizosphere 10cm of comparative example；When winter-spring season external world minimum temperature is subzero 10 At DEG C-subzero 12 DEG C, minimum temperature is 13.6 DEG C at 1 tomato rhizosphere 10cm of embodiment, minimum at 1 tomato rhizosphere 10cm of comparative example Temperature is 10.7 DEG C.1 matrix recovery electric heating system of embodiment is good, and the heat-exchange capacity of matrix and soil is strong, crop rhizosphere temperature stability Good, high temperature season crop rhizosphere maximum temperature is not too high, and low temperature season crop rhizosphere minimum temperature will not be too low, is conducive to kind Eggplant root growth.
Embodiment 2
In August, 2012 is in July, 2013.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 2nd year on the plot of embodiment 1 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 5
In August, 2012 is in July, 2013.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 2nd year on the plot of comparative example 1 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 2 and comparative example 5 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 2.
2 embodiment 2 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 5 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As seen from the results in Table 2, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1,1 plant root vigor of comparative example are respectively 133.5mgg-1·h-1、108.8mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 1,1 root activity of comparative example are respectively 121.7mgg-1· h-1、97.4mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1,1 root knot nematode disease disease incidence of comparative example are respectively 0,3.2%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 1, comparative example 1 is respectively 0,6.9%, significant difference.
1 two batches of embodiment 1, comparative example 667m2Tomato total output is respectively 21005.4kg, 17289.8kg, embodiment 1 compared with Comparative example 1 improves 21.5%.
Embodiment 3
In August, 2013 is in July, 2014.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 3rd year on the plot of embodiment 2 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 6
In August, 2013 is in July, 2014.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 3rd year on the plot of comparative example 5 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 3 and comparative example 6 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 3.
3 embodiment 3 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 6 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As seen from the results in Table 3, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 128.6mgg-1·h-1、101.3mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 117.9mgg-1·h-1、 95.8mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 0,4.8%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 3, comparative example 6 is respectively 0,5.3%, significant difference.
Matrix salt pool situation after early spring stubble harvests, detects the salt content of matrix, and embodiment 3 is 0.12%, comparative example 6 be 0.28%, and salt content has been approached critical value 0.3%.
Tomato yield, 6 two batches of embodiment 3, comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 19345.2kg, 15538.3kg, is implemented Example 3 improves 24.5% compared with comparative example 6, and 6 total output underproduction amplitude of comparative example is obviously accelerated.
Embodiment 4
In August, 2014 is in July, 2015.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 4th year on the plot of embodiment 3 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 7
In August, 2014 is in July, 2015.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 4th year on the plot of comparative example 6 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 4 and comparative example 7 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 4.
4 embodiment 4 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 7 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As shown in Table 4, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 131.4mgg-1·h-1、 98.7mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 119.8mgg-1·h-1、94.4mg· g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 0,6.9%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 4, comparative example 7 is respectively 0,5.2%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 4 is 0.14%, and comparative example 7 is 0.31%, salinity Content has been more than critical value 0.3%, must replacement matrix.
7 two batches of embodiment 4, comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 19279.5kg, 14439.8kg, and embodiment 4 relatively compares Example 7 improves 33.5%, and 7 underproduction of comparative example is clearly.
Embodiment 5
In August, 2015 is in July, 2016.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 5th year on the plot of embodiment 4 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 8
In August, 2015 is in July, 2016.It is that ori is good for examination tomato variety.After the matrix of comparative example 7 is more renewed matrix Continue the annual stubble time tomato of cultivation the 5th, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.The discrete phase of new matrix and comparative example 1 is same.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 5 and comparative example 8 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 5.
5 embodiment 5 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 8 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As shown in Table 5, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 134.1mgg-1·h-1、 106.6mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 121.4mgg-1·h-1、99.7mg· g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 0,0；Early spring stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 Respectively 0,3.1%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 5 is 0.15%, and comparative example 8 is 0.11%.
8 two batches of embodiment 5, comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 19311.2kg, 16092.6kg, and embodiment 5 relatively compares Example 8 improves 20%.
Embodiment 6
In August, 2016 is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety in July, 2017.It is cultivated the 6th year on the plot of embodiment 5 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 9
In August, 2016 is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety in July, 2017.It is cultivated the 6th year on the plot of comparative example 8 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 6 and comparative example 9 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 6.
6 embodiment 6 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 9 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As shown in Table 6, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 128.6mgg-1·h-1、 101.3mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 120.9mgg-1·h-1、98.6mg· g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 0,3.2%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 6, comparative example 9 is respectively 0,5.3%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 6 is 0.18%, and comparative example 9 is 0.18%, comparison 9 degree of salinity of example is very fast.
9 two batches of embodiment 6, comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 19108.5kg, 15792.1kg, and embodiment 6 relatively compares Example 9 improves 21%.
Embodiment 7
In August, 2017 is in July, 2018.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 7th year on the plot of embodiment 6 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 10
In August, 2017 is in July, 2018.It is Ao Feite for examination tomato variety.It is cultivated the 7th year on the plot of comparative example 9 Stubble time tomato is spent, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 7 and comparative example 10 after field planting；Root knot nematode disease field is investigated to occur Situation；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count tomato yield.Test result is referring to table 7.
7 embodiment 7 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 10 and early spring stubble tomato growth situation
As shown in Table 7, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 126.9mgg-1·h-1、 99.1mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 119.6mgg-1·h-1、96.3mg· g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 0,4.7%, significant difference；Early spring stubble Embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 0,7.8%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 7 is 0.18%, and comparative example 10 is 0.27%, comparison 10 degree of salinity of example is very fast.
10 two batches of embodiment 7, comparative example 667m2Total output is respectively 18255.6kg, 15213.0kg, and embodiment 7 is more right Ratio 10 improves 20%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse cultivation, which is characterized in that the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The volume of the carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Than 0.6~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice husk, Coco bran and the volume ratio of the second clinker are 5~7: 0.5~1.5: 0.5~1.5: 3~5；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
2. matrix according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the partial size of the sand is 0.8~2mm.
3. matrix according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the partial size of the coco bran is 3~5mm.
4. matrix according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the partial size of the carbonization rice husk is 2~4mm.
5. a kind of method for carrying out the cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse using matrix described in 4 any one of Claims 1 to 4, day Light greenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation base are successively laid in cultivation bed Venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in matter, field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) autumn and winter stubble tomato field planting before, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then in matrix apply EM bacteria agent and Ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble tomato applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) the cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later, repetition step 2), Step 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times；
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm；Cultivation matrix described in step 1) with a thickness of 24~28cm； The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh；
In step 1), venthole is connected with filling substrate；Control ditch is connected to each field planting groove；
In step 3), the autumn and winter stubble tomato, late August to early September field planting, along each field planting groove two sides plant 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40~ 50cm, Netted melon, 30 days vertical hanging tendrils after field planting, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to field planting On hanger steel wire right above row, start November to harvest, is extended down to early and middle ten days in January and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested to early Febuary；
In step 4), early spring stubble tomato, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble tomato in the ranks, uniline plantation, strain Away from 20~25cm, Netted melon, autumn and winter stubble tomato harvest is finished, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and by new plant to two Oblique hanging tendril is rolled, one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to respectively Above field planting groove on different hanger steel wires, start April to harvest, mid-July uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；
In step 5), the close plastic shed be athomin apply matrix after cultivation bed cover mulch, close sunlight greenhouse vent 15~ 20 days, after remove mulch；
EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, inducer, athomin are applied by trickle irrigation.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the amount of application of EM bacteria agent described in step 2) be 1.4~ 1.8kg/667m2；Effective viable bacteria concentration is 250~35,000,000,000/g in EM bacteria agent described in step 2).
7. method according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the amount of application of ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2) is 2.5~3L/667m2；Content >=100g/L of amino acid in ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2).
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, inducer described in step 3) and step 4) includes following matter Measure the raw material of part: 9~11 parts of 0.5~1.5 part of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；The amount of application of the inducer be 36~ 40g/667m2。
9. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the dosage form of athomin described in step 5) is aqua；It is described The mass percentage of athomin is 15%~25% in aqua；The amount of application of athomin described in step 5) is 3~5L/ 667m2。
10. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the width of cultivation bed described in step 1) is 55~65cm； The depth of the cultivation bed is 30~34cm.
CN201910535502.7A 2019-06-13 2019-06-13 A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil Tomato in Greenhouse Withdrawn CN110150086A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110476732A (en) * 2019-09-13 2019-11-22 刘善勇 A kind of vegetables efficiency cultivation technology for high method
CN111480410A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-08-04 吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心 Method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of facility soil
CN111528073A (en) * 2020-06-22 2020-08-14 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 Soil salinization improvement method
CN113170621A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-27 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping salinized facility soil
CN115968728A (en) * 2023-03-20 2023-04-18 潍坊科技学院 Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110476732A (en) * 2019-09-13 2019-11-22 刘善勇 A kind of vegetables efficiency cultivation technology for high method
CN111480410A (en) * 2020-04-10 2020-08-04 吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心 Method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of facility soil
CN111528073A (en) * 2020-06-22 2020-08-14 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 Soil salinization improvement method
CN113170621A (en) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-27 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Comprehensive treatment method for continuous cropping salinized facility soil
CN115968728A (en) * 2023-03-20 2023-04-18 潍坊科技学院 Method for planting taste-type tomatoes in saline-alkali soil

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