CN110149045B - 一种高能效开关电容电源转换器 - Google Patents

一种高能效开关电容电源转换器 Download PDF

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CN110149045B
CN110149045B CN201910412554.5A CN201910412554A CN110149045B CN 110149045 B CN110149045 B CN 110149045B CN 201910412554 A CN201910412554 A CN 201910412554A CN 110149045 B CN110149045 B CN 110149045B
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CN110149045A (zh
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陈超
杨军
刘新宁
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H02M3/072—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps adapted to generate an output voltage whose value is lower than the input voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高能效开关电容电源转换器，包括7个传输门，分别为传输门T1到传输门T；5电容，分别为电容C1‑C4以及负载电容CL；电阻，PMOS管以及NMOS管；该电源转换器用电荷搬移的方式将稳定的3V输入电压转换为1V输出电压，该设计消除了传统线性稳压器驱动管的静态电压差，可以达到80%以上的转换效率。

Description

一种高能效开关电容电源转换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高能效开关电容电源转换器，适用于SoC芯片的休眠状态下为存储器、状态机、低频振荡器等常开电路供电。
背景技术
对于手持终端等使用电池供电的设备，电池容量限制了其连续使用时间。为尽可能延长充电周期，设备中的电源管理模块通过定时唤醒的方式尽可能压缩电路的活跃时间。上述设备往往在99% 的时间内处于待机或者休眠模式，此时只有低速时钟电路和存储模块仍然维持供电，而工作电流也下降到几百nA或者更低的程度。此时待机总功耗成为制约电池续航能力的关键。在此背景下电源转换模块必须具有较高的转换效率以避免不必要的能量损耗。传统的线性稳压器由于供电电压与输出电压间存在较高压差，其转换效率较低。而DC-DC转换器在待机模式的低电流负载条件下其自身功耗也难以满足要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述问题，提供一种高能效开关电容电源转换器。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的方法是：一种高能效开关电容电源转换器，包括7个传输门，分别为传输门T1到传输门T；5电容，分别为电容C1- C4以及负载电容CL；电阻，PMOS管以及NMOS管；
所述的传输门T1的输入端接电压输入端，传输门T1输出端接电容C1的正极，传输门T1控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T1控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C1的负极接传输门T4的输入端，传输门T4的输出端接电容C2的正极，传输门T4的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T4的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C2的负极接传输门T5的输入端，传输门T5的输出端接负载电容CL的正极，第五传输门T5的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T5的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
负载电容CL的正极为线性稳压器的电压输出端，负载电容CL的负极接地；
传输门T2的输入端接电容C1的正极，传输门T2的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T2的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T2的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T3的输入端接电容C2的正极，传输门T3的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T3的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T3的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T6的输入端接电容C1的负极，传输门T6的输出端接地，传输门T6的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T6的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T7的输入端接电容C2的负极，传输门T7的输出端接地，传输门T7的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T7的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
电阻R1的正极接电压输入端，电阻R1的负极接PMOS管P1的源极；电容C3的正极接电压输入端，电容C3的负极接PMOS管P1的源极； PMOS管P1的栅极接反相器I1的输出端，PMOS管P1的漏极接NMOS管N1的漏极； NMOS管N1的源极接电阻R4的正极，NMOS管N1的栅极接反相器I1的输出；
反相器I1的输入接输入时钟；电阻R4的负极接电阻R2的正极，电阻R2的负极接地；电容C4的正极接电阻R2的正极，电容C4的负极接地；电阻R3的正极接PMOS管P1的源极，电阻R3的负极接PMOS管P2的源极；
PMOS管P2的栅极接输入时钟， PMOS管P2的漏极接NMOS管N2的漏极， NMOS管N2的栅极接输入时钟， NMOS管N2的源极接电阻R2的正极；
反相器I2的输入接NMOS管N1的漏极，反相器I2的输出接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
反相器I3的输入接第一时钟信号负极CK1N，输出接第一时钟正极CK1P；
反相器I5的输入接第二NMOS管N2的漏极，反相器I5的输出接第二时钟信号负极CK2N;
反相器I4的输入接第二时钟信号负极CK2N，反相器I4的输出接第二时钟正极CK2P。
有益效果：
本发明提出一种高能效开关电容电源转换器，用电荷搬移的方式将稳定的3V输入电压转换为1V输出电压，消除了传统线性稳压器驱动管的静态电压差，在100nA负载电流条件下可以达到80%以上的转换效率。
采用开关电容的方式实现电荷搬移，在时钟的作用下持续为负载提供所需的电流，当输出电压建立完成，开关管导通时两端压差接近于0V，最大程度上降低了功耗损失，具有结构简单、转换效率高、工艺兼容性好，输出电压稳定等特点。同时在低驱动电流下仍须实现较高效率的应用场合，具有偏置电流低、温度系数低、驱动电流范围宽、能量效率高等特点。
附图说明
图1 为本发明的高能效开关电容电源转换器电路结构图；
图2 为本发明的电源转换器在100nA驱动电流下的输出电压建立过程。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，为本发明的一种高能效开关电容电源转换器的电路结构图，包括7个传输门，分别为传输门T1到传输门T；5电容，分别为电容C1- C4以及负载电容CL；电阻，PMOS管以及NMOS管。
所述的传输门T1的输入端接电压输入端，传输门T1输出端接电容C1的正极，传输门T1控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T1控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C1的负极接传输门T4的输入端，传输门T4的输出端接电容C2的正极，传输门T4的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T4的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C2的负极接传输门T5的输入端，传输门T5的输出端接负载电容CL的正极，第五传输门T5的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T5的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
负载电容CL的正极为线性稳压器的电压输出端，负载电容CL的负极接地；
传输门T2的输入端接电容C1的正极，传输门T2的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T2的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T2的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T3的输入端接电容C2的正极，传输门T3的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T3的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T3的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T6的输入端接电容C1的负极，传输门T6的输出端接地，传输门T6的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T6的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T7的输入端接电容C2的负极，传输门T7的输出端接地，传输门T7的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T7的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
电阻R1的正极接电压输入端，电阻R1的负极接PMOS管P1的源极；电容C3的正极接电压输入端，电容C3的负极接PMOS管P1的源极； PMOS管P1的栅极接反相器I1的输出端，PMOS管P1的漏极接NMOS管N1的漏极； NMOS管N1的源极接电阻R4的正极，NMOS管N1的栅极接反相器I1的输出；
反相器I1的输入接输入时钟；电阻R4的负极接电阻R2的正极，电阻R2的负极接地；电容C4的正极接电阻R2的正极，电容C4的负极接地；电阻R3的正极接PMOS管P1的源极，电阻R3的负极接PMOS管P2的源极；
PMOS管P2的栅极接输入时钟， PMOS管P2的漏极接NMOS管N2的漏极， NMOS管N2的栅极接输入时钟， NMOS管N2的源极接电阻R2的正极；
反相器I2的输入接NMOS管N1的漏极，反相器I2的输出接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
反相器I3的输入接第一时钟信号负极CK1N，输出接第一时钟正极CK1P；
反相器I5的输入接第二NMOS管N2的漏极，反相器I5的输出接第二时钟信号负极CK2N;
反相器I4的输入接第二时钟信号负极CK2N，反相器I4的输出接第二时钟正极CK2P。
上述电路的工作原理分析如下：在时序1状态下，片内电容C1、电容C2和负载电容CL串联充电，时序2状态下电容C1和电容C2与电容CL并联，为电容CL补充因负载流失的电荷。当建立完成时，电容C1、电容C2、以及电容CL的两端电压基本一致，此时在电荷转移过程中开关管两端的压降接近为0V，避免了不必要的功耗损失。电路的其它功耗来源于时钟电路和开关控制电路，为避免时钟交叠引起电源到地的馈通，通过对两相时钟上升沿下降沿分别延迟的方式来加以克服。
图2所示为本发明的电源转换器在100nA驱动电流下的输出电压建立过程。从图中可以看出，在6mS的时间内输出电压完成了建立过程。此时供电电压3V，建立完成后，输出电压稳定在0.985V附近。当前输出负载电流为100nA，3V电源提供37nA电流，此时转换效率为90%。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述技术手段所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。以上所述是本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种高能效开关电容电源转换器，其特征如下：包括7个传输门，分别为传输门T1到传输门T7；5电容，分别为电容C1- C4以及负载电容CL；电阻，PMOS管以及NMOS管；
所述的传输门T1的输入端接电压输入端，传输门T1输出端接电容C1的正极，传输门T1控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T1控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C1的负极接传输门T4的输入端，传输门T4的输出端接电容C2的正极，传输门T4的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T4的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
电容C2的负极接传输门T5的输入端，传输门T5的输出端接负载电容CL的正极，第五传输门T5的控制端正极接第一时钟信号正极CK1P，传输门T5的控制端负极接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
负载电容CL的正极为线性稳压器的电压输出端，负载电容CL的负极接地；
传输门T2的输入端接电容C1的正极，传输门T2的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T2的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T2的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T3的输入端接电容C2的正极，传输门T3的输出端接电压输出端，传输门T3的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T3的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T6的输入端接电容C1的负极，传输门T6的输出端接地，传输门T6的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T6的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
传输门T7的输入端接电容C2的负极，传输门T7的输出端接地，传输门T7的控制端正极接第二时钟信号正极CK2P，传输门T7的控制端负极接第二时钟信号负极CK2N；
电阻R1的正极接电压输入端，电阻R1的负极接PMOS管P1的源极；电容C3的正极接电压输入端，电容C3的负极接PMOS管P1的源极； PMOS管P1的栅极接反相器I1的输出端， PMOS管P1的漏极接NMOS管N1的漏极； NMOS管N1的源极接电阻R4的正极，NMOS管N1的栅极接反相器I1的输出；
反相器I1的输入接输入时钟；电阻R4的负极接电阻R2的正极，电阻R2的负极接地；电容C4的正极接电阻R2的正极，电容C4的负极接地；电阻R3的正极接PMOS管P1的源极，电阻R3的负极接PMOS管P2的源极；
PMOS管P2的栅极接输入时钟， PMOS管P2的漏极接NMOS管N2的漏极， NMOS管N2的栅极接输入时钟， NMOS管N2的源极接电阻R2的正极；
反相器I2的输入接NMOS管N1的漏极，反相器I2的输出接第一时钟信号负极CK1N；
反相器I3的输入接第一时钟信号负极CK1N，输出接第一时钟正极CK1P；
反相器I5的输入接第二NMOS管N2的漏极，反相器I5的输出接第二时钟信号负极CK2N;
反相器I4的输入接第二时钟信号负极CK2N，反相器I4的输出接第二时钟正极CK2P。
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