CN110142280B - Safe disassembly and recovery method and device for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Safe disassembly and recovery method and device for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110142280B CN110142280B CN201910405556.1A CN201910405556A CN110142280B CN 110142280 B CN110142280 B CN 110142280B CN 201910405556 A CN201910405556 A CN 201910405556A CN 110142280 B CN110142280 B CN 110142280B
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a safe disassembly and recovery method and a safe disassembly and recovery device for a lithium ion battery, which belong to the field of recovery of lithium ion power batteries, and comprise the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the pressure of the injected inert gas is adjusted by a pressure reducing valve, and the inert gas in the gas storage tank is introduced into the machine body through a gas pipe to be used as protective gas; step two: putting the lithium ion battery into the machine body through a waste battery inlet, so that the waste battery stably falls on the conveying mechanism for conveying; step three: conveying the waste batteries to a fixing mechanism through a conveying mechanism, and cutting the waste batteries; step four: the cut waste batteries slide onto a separating mechanism through a conveying plate, so that the shells and the cores of the waste batteries are separated; step five: so that the separated shell falls into the shell box for collection, and the core body slides into the core body box for collection through the blanking plate. The invention can effectively ensure the stability of the waste battery during disassembly and avoid the phenomenon that the battery material is ignited by high temperature generated at the cutting position to cause fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion power battery recovery, in particular to a highly automated safe disassembly and recovery method and device for a lithium ion battery.
Background
At present, along with the consumption of ore energy, new energy sources are actively developed in various countries, China is no exception, and in recent years, China also starts to actively develop new energy vehicles, and power source media used in the new energy vehicles are lithium ion batteries, but the lithium ion batteries need to be replaced by new lithium ion batteries after being used for a period of time, and the discarded waste lithium ion batteries pollute the environment, so that a plurality of enterprises are difficult to treat the waste lithium ion batteries. The power battery recycling industry in China is still in the beginning period, although automatic battery disassembling equipment has been studied to a certain extent, the automatic disassembling equipment is not high in adaptability due to different types of power batteries, and therefore the automatic battery disassembling equipment is not applied to large scale in actual production.
In the structure of the battery, the battery core is positioned inside the plastic shell of the battery pack, and one end of the plastic shell is provided with the electrode end cover, so that the hard shell needs to be cut open when the power battery is disassembled, and then the battery core package is taken out from the cut opening. Because of old and useless power battery still has certain energy, and its inside combustible composition such as electrolyte, so when disassembling, the high temperature that the cutting position produced can lead to the ignition point of some materials in the local temperature reaches the battery, if the material contact air just can produce the phenomenon of catching fire this moment, it is not good that the efficiency is mostly disassembled to the equipment of disassembling in the automation of current simultaneously, can't effectively be to the casing of waste battery after disassembling, the piece, core and electrolyte carry out categorised recovery, it is necessary in fact to design a different shapes lithium ion battery safety intelligence that can carry out recycle to lithium ion battery and disassemble the technique.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for safely disassembling and recycling a lithium ion battery, which can effectively ensure the stability of the waste battery during disassembly, avoid the ignition of battery materials caused by high temperature generated at a cutting position, effectively improve the disassembly efficiency of the waste battery, classify and recycle the shell, the scraps, the core body and electrolyte of the waste battery, and are effectively suitable for the disassembly processing of the waste batteries with different shapes and sizes.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a safe disassembly and recovery method of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the pressure of the injected inert gas is adjusted by a pressure reducing valve, and the inert gas in the gas storage tank is introduced into the machine body through a gas pipe to be used as protective gas;
step two: the lithium ion battery is put into the machine body through a waste battery inlet, after the lithium ion battery is preliminarily limited and overturned through a baffle in a waste battery transportation channel, the waste battery is stably dropped on a transportation mechanism, after the direction of the waste battery is identified through battery end cover identifiers on two sides of the transportation mechanism, the movement direction of the waste battery on the transportation mechanism is adjusted through the rotation of a corresponding steering baffle, and the positive terminals of the waste battery are transported on a conveyor belt of the transportation mechanism in a uniform direction;
step three: waste batteries are conveyed to a fixing mechanism through a conveying mechanism, a second electric telescopic rod on one side of the fixing mechanism drives a fixed mechanical claw to stretch, the waste batteries are pushed to the fixed mechanical claw on one end of a support to be fixed, a rotating motor on the fixed mechanical claw on one end of the second electric telescopic rod is started to drive the fixed waste batteries to rotate, a cutting mechanism is made to move above the waste batteries on a sliding rod through an electric sliding seat and drive a cutting seat to descend through the stretching of a cylinder, then a tool rest moves in an electric sliding rail through a sliding block until cutting blades on tool rests on two sides are contacted with the rotating waste batteries to cut the waste batteries, waste chips and organic solution generated by cutting fall into a collecting hopper and are guided into a material distribution box through the collecting hopper, and the waste chips and the organic solution are separated through the material distribution seat in the material distribution box to enable the organic solution to enter an evaporation box to be evaporated at high temperature, the evaporated hot steam enters a condenser, is cooled into electrolyte through circulating water in the condenser and is guided into and stored in an electrolyte tank;
step four: after cutting, the fixed mechanical claw loosens, the cut waste batteries fall on the material blocking screen plate, the fixing mechanism is overturned through the extension and contraction of the fourth electric telescopic rod, the cut waste batteries slide onto the separating mechanism through the conveying plate, the separating mechanical claws at the two ends of the separating mechanism respectively fix the shell and the core of the waste batteries, and the shell and the core fixed on the separating mechanical claw are driven to rotate by starting the rotating motor on the separating mechanical claw at one end of the third electric telescopic rod, so that the shell and the core of the waste batteries are separated;
step five: make the separating mechanism slope through the expansion of fifth electric telescopic handle, and not hard up the separation gripper of connecting rod one end, make useless battery case fall on separating mechanism, open the buffer stop on the separating mechanism, make the casing of separation fall into the casing case and collect, the flexible separation gripper who drives the corresponding end of rethread electric telescopic handle removes, make and move the core and remove the lower feed plate top, the last separation gripper who becomes flexible third electric telescopic handle one end, make the core slide into the core case through the lower feed plate and collect.
Specifically, in the first step, the inert gas in the gas storage tank is nitrogen or argon.
A safety disassembling and recycling device for lithium ion batteries comprises: the device comprises a machine body, a gas protection mechanism, a transportation mechanism, a fixing mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a waste material recovery mechanism, a conveying plate, a separation mechanism, a collection mechanism and a waste battery inlet, wherein one end of the machine body is provided with the waste battery inlet, a sealing clapboard is transversely fixed in the machine body, the gas protection mechanism and the waste recovery mechanism are both arranged in the machine body at one side of the sealing clapboard, and a controller is fixed between the gas protection mechanism and the waste material recovery mechanism, the transportation mechanism is arranged at one end close to the waste battery inlet in the machine body at the other side of the sealing clapboard, the fixing mechanism is arranged at one end of the transportation mechanism far away from the waste battery inlet, a cutting mechanism is connected above the fixing mechanism, a conveying plate is fixed at one end, far away from the conveying mechanism, of the fixing mechanism through a mounting frame, the separating mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the fixing mechanism, of the conveying plate, and the collecting mechanism is arranged at one side, far away from the conveying plate, of the separating mechanism;
the gas protection mechanism comprises a pressure reducing valve, a gas pipe and a gas storage tank, wherein one end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with the gas pipe, the pressure reducing valve is fixed on the gas pipe, and one end of the gas pipe, far away from the gas storage tank, extends into the machine body on the other side of the sealing partition plate;
the waste recycling mechanism comprises a condenser, an electrolyte box, an evaporation box and a material distribution box, the electrolyte box, the evaporation box and the material distribution box are sequentially arranged, the condenser is fixed above the electrolyte box, the input end of the condenser is communicated with the top of the evaporation box, the output end of the condenser is communicated with the top of the electrolyte box, the two ends of one side of the condenser are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, one ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe extend to the outer side of the machine body, one side of the material distribution box is provided with a feed inlet, a material distribution seat is fixed inside the material distribution box below the feed inlet and is of a triangular structure, the top of the material distribution seat is provided with a filter screen, one end of the material distribution box in the center of the material distribution seat is provided with a liquid outlet;
the conveying mechanism comprises a first electric telescopic rod, a stepping motor, an adjusting pressure plate and a conveying belt, the conveying belt is fixed inside the machine body through a support frame, the stepping motor is fixed in the center of the support frame on one side of the conveying belt, the output end of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the conveying belt, the adjusting pressure plate is arranged above two sides of the conveying belt, a support is uniformly fixed on one side of the adjusting pressure plate, the other end of the support is fixedly connected with a sealing partition plate, the inner wall of the machine body on the outer side of the adjusting pressure plate on the other side is uniformly connected with the first electric telescopic rod, the output end of the first electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the adjusting pressure plate on the side, a battery end cover identifier is fixed at one end of the inner side of the adjusting pressure plate close to the waste battery inlet, and, one end of the steering baffle is hinged and fixed with the output end of an electric push rod fixed in the adjusting pressure plate;
the fixed mechanism comprises a processing seat, a second electric telescopic rod, a fourth electric telescopic rod, a collecting hopper and a fixed mechanical claw, the fourth electric telescopic rod is uniformly fixed at the bottom end of the interior of the machine body below the processing seat, the output end of the fourth electric telescopic rod is hinged and fixed with 4 corners of the bottom of the processing seat, the collecting hopper is fixed at the center of the bottom of the processing seat, the bottom of the collecting hopper is connected with a guide pipe, one end of the guide pipe, far away from the collecting hopper, penetrates through a sealing partition plate and is communicated with a feed inlet, a material blocking screen plate is fixed at the center of the processing seat at the top of the guide pipe, the fixed mechanical claws are arranged at the centers of two sides of the processing seat, one end of each fixed mechanical claw at one side is fixedly connected with the sealing partition plate through a support, and one end of each fixed mechanical claw at the other;
the cutting mechanism comprises a slide bar, a second electric telescopic rod, a cutting seat, an electric sliding seat, an air cylinder and a cutting blade, wherein 2 slide bars are fixed between a sealing partition plate above the fixing mechanism and the inner wall of the machine body;
separating mechanism includes third electric telescopic handle, flitch, separating seat, connecting rod, buffer stop and separation gripper down, and the bottom of separating seat below organism inside is fixed with fifth electric telescopic handle and dead lever respectively, the one end that separating seat bottom is close to the conveying board all articulates fixedly with fifth electric telescopic handle's output, and the one end that conveying board was kept away from to separating seat bottom all articulates fixedly with the top of dead lever, the both ends at separating seat one side top all articulate has buffer stop, and the flitch is fixed in the one end of separating seat through the support down, the both ends of separating seat all are equipped with separation gripper, and the one end of one side separation gripper passes through connecting rod and sealed partition fixed connection, and the one end of opposite side separation gripper and the third electric telescopic handle's of being connected on the organism inner wall output fixed connection, separation gripper and fixed gripper all pass through stationary dog, The pressing head is fixed at the center of the claw disc below the fixed claw, the rotating motors are fixed inside the fixed bases at the ends, close to the second electric telescopic rod and the third electric telescopic rod, of the separation mechanical claw and the fixed mechanical claw, and the output ends of the rotating motors are fixedly connected with the hinged shafts of the claw discs;
the collecting mechanism comprises a core box and a shell box, the shell box is arranged in the separating seat and far away from the inside of the machine body on one side of the conveying plate, and the core box is arranged in the inside of the machine body between the blanking plate and the shell box.
Specifically, the both ends of processing seat all are equipped with the opening, and the both sides of processing seat all are equipped with the limiting plate.
Specifically, the size of the end, close to the processing seat, of the conveying plate is larger than the size of the end, close to the separating seat, of the conveying plate, and the height, close to the end of the processing seat, of the conveying plate is larger than the height, close to the end of the separating seat, of the conveying plate.
Specifically, a baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the machine body below the waste battery inlet.
Specifically, the conveying belt is uniformly provided with ribs.
Specifically, one side of pressure head and buffer stop all is equipped with the elasticity slipmat.
3. Advantageous effects
(1) The baffle, the battery end cover identifier and the steering baffle are adopted, so that the transportation directions of waste batteries which are placed in the machine body and have different shapes and different sizes are effectively unified, the cutting position of the waste batteries is ensured to be positioned on one side of the electrode end cover, the influence of the different cutting positions of the batteries on the separation of a shell and a core body in the later period is avoided, and the applicability of the device is increased conveniently; .
(2) According to the invention, the electric sliding rail, the sliding block, the tool rest, the cutting blade and the fixed mechanical claw which are arranged on the two sides are adopted, so that the fixed waste batteries are driven to rotate by the rotating motor in the fixed mechanical claw, the cutting blade on the two sides can simultaneously rotate and cut the waste batteries, and the battery disassembling efficiency is effectively improved.
(3) According to the invention, by adopting the pressure reducing valve, the air pipe and the air storage tank, the inert gas protective layer is effectively formed at the cutting position in the waste battery disassembling process, and the stability of the waste battery during disassembling is ensured, so that the phenomenon that battery materials are ignited by high temperature generated at the cutting position in the waste battery disassembling process to cause fire is avoided, and the safety of the device is improved.
(4) According to the invention, the core box, the shell box, the condenser, the electrolyte box, the evaporation box and the material distribution box are adopted, so that scraps and cores generated during waste battery disassembly are effectively classified and recovered, and the electrolyte is effectively condensed and recovered, thereby effectively avoiding pollution of toxic substances such as the electrolyte and the like to the environment, and ensuring the safety and health of workers.
In summary, the method and the device for safely disassembling and recycling the lithium ion battery provided by the invention can effectively ensure the stability of the waste battery during disassembling, avoid the high temperature generated at the cutting position from igniting the battery material to cause fire, effectively improve the disassembling efficiency of the waste battery, classify and recycle the shell, the scraps, the core body and the electrolyte of the waste battery, and are effectively suitable for disassembling and processing the waste batteries with different shapes and sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the interior of the housing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the interior of the housing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of the cutting mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of the distribution box of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a separating gripper and a fixing gripper according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, the body; 2. a first electric telescopic rod; 3. a stepping motor; 4. adjusting the pressure plate; 5. processing a base; 6. a slide bar; 7. a second electric telescopic rod; 8. a cutting seat; 9. an electric slide; 10. a third electric telescopic rod; 11. a blanking plate; 12. a core box; 13. a transfer plate; 14. a housing case; 15. a separating seat; 16. a connecting rod; 17. a condenser; 18. a water inlet pipe; 19. an electrolyte tank; 20. a water outlet pipe; 21. an evaporation tank; 22. sealing the partition plate; 23. a material distributing box; 24. a controller; 25. a pressure reducing valve; 26. an air tube; 27. a gas storage tank; 28. a battery end cap identifier; 29. a waste battery inlet; 30. a conveyor belt; 31. a steering baffle; 32. a cylinder; 33. a fourth electric telescopic rod; 34. a material blocking screen plate; 35. a guide tube; 36. a collecting hopper; 37. a mounting frame; 38. a fifth electric telescopic rod; 39. fixing the rod; 40. a tool holder; 41. an electric slide rail; 42. a slider; 43. a spring; 44. a cutting blade; 45. a material distributing seat; 46. a feed inlet; 47. filtering with a screen; 48. a liquid outlet; 49. a fixed jaw; 50. a claw disk; 51. a pressure head; 52. a fixed seat.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-5 and examples.
Examples
A safe disassembly and recovery method of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the pressure of the injected inert gas is adjusted by the pressure reducing valve 25, the inert gas in the gas storage tank 27 is introduced into the machine body 1 from the gas pipe 26 to be used as protective gas, the inert gas in the gas storage tank 27 is nitrogen or argon, an inert gas protective layer is effectively formed at a cutting position, and the stability of the waste battery during disassembly is ensured, so that the phenomenon of fire in the waste battery disassembly process is avoided, and the safety of the device is improved;
step two: the lithium ion battery is put into the machine body 1 through a waste battery inlet 29, after the lithium ion battery is preliminarily limited and overturned through a baffle plate in a waste battery transportation channel, the waste battery is stably fallen on a transportation mechanism, after the direction of the waste battery is identified through battery end cover identifiers 28 at two sides of the transportation mechanism, the movement direction of the waste battery on the transportation mechanism is adjusted through the rotation of a corresponding steering baffle plate 31, and the positive ends of the waste batteries are transported on a conveyor belt 30 of the transportation mechanism in a uniform direction;
step three: waste batteries are conveyed to the fixing mechanism through the conveying mechanism, the fixing mechanical claw is driven to stretch through the second electric telescopic rod 7 on one side of the fixing mechanism, the waste batteries are pushed to the fixing mechanical claw on one end of the support to be fixed, then the rotating motor on the fixing mechanical claw on one end of the second electric telescopic rod 7 is started to drive the fixed waste batteries to rotate, the cutting mechanism is enabled to move to the position above the waste batteries on the sliding rod 6 through the electric sliding seat 9 and drive the cutting seat 8 to descend through the stretching and retracting of the air cylinder 32, then the tool rest 40 moves in the electric sliding rail 41 through the sliding block 42 until the cutting blades 44 on the tool rests 40 on the two sides are in contact with the rotating waste batteries to cut the waste batteries, the waste chips and the organic solution generated by cutting fall into the collecting hopper 36 and are guided into the material distributing box 23 through the collecting hopper 36, and then the waste chips and the organic solution are separated through the material distributing, the organic solution enters an evaporation tank 21 to be evaporated at high temperature, the evaporated hot steam enters a condenser 17, and is cooled into electrolyte through circulating water in the condenser 17 to be stored in an electrolyte tank 19;
step four: after cutting, the fixed mechanical claw loosens, the cut waste batteries fall on the material blocking screen plate 34, the fixing mechanism is turned over through the expansion and contraction of the fourth electric telescopic rod 33, the cut waste batteries slide onto the separating mechanism through the conveying plate 13, the shells and the cores of the waste batteries are fixed through the separating mechanical claws at the two ends of the separating mechanism respectively, and then the shells and the cores fixed on the separating mechanical claws are driven to rotate by starting the rotating motor on the separating mechanical claw at one end of the third electric telescopic rod 10, so that the shells and the cores of the waste batteries are separated;
step five: make the separating mechanism slope through the flexible separating mechanism that makes of fifth electric telescopic handle 38, and the separation gripper of not hard up 16 one ends of connecting rod, make the waste battery casing fall on separating mechanism, open the buffer stop on the separating mechanism, make the casing of separation fall into and collect in casing case 14, the flexible separation gripper that drives the corresponding end of rethread third electric telescopic handle 10 removes, make and move the core and remove lower flitch 11 top, the last separation gripper that becomes hard up third electric telescopic handle 10 one end, make the core collect in sliding into core case 12 through lower flitch 11.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the safety disassembly and recovery device for lithium ion batteries in this embodiment includes: the machine body 1, the gas protection mechanism, the transportation mechanism, the fixing mechanism, the cutting mechanism, the waste recovery mechanism, the conveying plate 13, the separation mechanism, the collection mechanism and the waste battery inlet 29, wherein the waste battery inlet 29 is arranged at one end of the machine body 1, a baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the machine body 1 below the waste battery inlet 29, the waste batteries are effectively pushed to be sorted through the baffle, the waste batteries are ensured to be arranged at the same height, the waste batteries are conveniently disassembled, a sealing partition plate 22 is transversely fixed inside the machine body 1, the gas protection mechanism and the waste recovery mechanism are both arranged inside the machine body 1 at one side of the sealing partition plate 22, a controller 24 is fixed between the gas protection mechanism and the waste recovery mechanism, the transportation mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the waste battery inlet 29, of the other side of the sealing partition plate 22, the fixing mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the waste battery inlet 29, a conveying plate 13 is fixed at one end of the fixing mechanism, which is far away from the conveying mechanism, through a mounting frame 37, the separating mechanism is arranged at one end of the conveying plate 13, which is far away from the fixing mechanism, and the collecting mechanism is arranged at one side of the separating mechanism, which is far away from the conveying plate 13;
the gas protection mechanism comprises a pressure reducing valve 25, a gas pipe 26 and a gas storage tank 27, wherein one end of the pressure reducing valve 25 is connected with the gas pipe 26, the pressure reducing valve 25 is fixed on the gas pipe 26, and one end of the gas pipe 26, which is far away from the gas storage tank 27, extends into the machine body 1 on the other side of the sealing partition plate 22;
the waste recovery mechanism comprises a condenser 17, an electrolyte tank 19, an evaporation tank 21 and a material distribution box 23, the electrolyte tank 19, the evaporation tank 21 and the material distribution box 23 are sequentially arranged, the condenser 17 is fixed above the electrolyte tank 19, the input end of the condenser 17 is communicated with the top of the evaporation tank 21, the output end of the condenser 17 is communicated with the top of the electrolyte tank 19, and both ends of one side of the condenser 17 are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe 18 and a water outlet pipe 20, one ends of the water inlet pipe 18 and the water outlet pipe 20 extend to the outer side of the machine body 1, one side of the material distribution box 23 is provided with a feed port 46, a material distribution seat 45 is fixed in the material distribution box 23 below the feed port 46, the material distributing seat 45 is in a triangular structure, the top of the material distributing seat 45 is provided with a filter screen 47, one end of the material distributing box 23 in the center of the material distributing seat 45 is provided with a liquid outlet 48, the outer side of the liquid outlet 48 is connected with a pipeline, and the other end of the pipeline is communicated with the evaporation box 21;
the conveying mechanism comprises a first electric telescopic rod 2, a stepping motor 3, an adjusting pressure plate 4 and a conveying belt 30, the conveying belt 30 is fixed inside the machine body 1 through a support frame, ribs are uniformly arranged on the conveying belt 30, the space of single waste batteries is convenient to separate and limit, accumulation between the waste batteries is avoided, the waste batteries are convenient to disassemble one by one, the stepping motor 3 is fixed in the center of the support frame on one side of the conveying belt 30, the output end of the stepping motor 3 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft at one end of the conveying belt 30, the adjusting pressure plates 4 are arranged above the two sides of the conveying belt 30, a bracket is uniformly fixed on the adjusting pressure plate 4 on one side, the other end of the bracket is fixedly connected with a sealing partition plate 22, the first electric telescopic rod 2 is uniformly connected on the inner wall of the machine body 1 outside the adjusting pressure plate 4 on the other side, the output end of the, a battery end cover recognizer 28 is fixed at one end of the inner side of the adjusting pressure plate 4 close to the waste battery inlet 29, a steering baffle plate 31 is uniformly hinged on the inner wall of the adjusting pressure plate 4 at one end of the battery end cover recognizer 28 far away from the waste battery inlet 29, and one end of the steering baffle plate 31 is hinged and fixed with the output end of an electric push rod fixed in the adjusting pressure plate 4;
the fixing mechanism comprises a processing seat 5, a second electric telescopic rod 7, a fourth electric telescopic rod 33, a collecting hopper 36 and a fixed mechanical claw, the fourth electric telescopic rod 33 is uniformly fixed at the bottom end inside a machine body 1 below the processing seat 5, the output end of the fourth electric telescopic rod 33 is hinged and fixed with 4 corners at the bottom of the processing seat 5, the collecting hopper 36 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the processing seat 5, the bottom of the collecting hopper 36 is connected with a guide pipe 35, one end of the guide pipe 35 far away from the collecting hopper 36 penetrates through a sealing partition plate 22 and is communicated with a feed inlet 46, a material blocking screen plate 34 is fixed at the center of the processing seat 5 at the top of the guide pipe 35, the fixed mechanical claw is arranged at the center of two sides of the processing seat 5, one end of the fixed mechanical claw at one side is fixedly connected with the sealing partition plate 22 through a support, one end of the fixed mechanical claw at the other side is fixedly connected, openings are formed in two ends of the processing seat 5, and limiting plates are arranged on two sides of the processing seat 5, so that the waste batteries can be effectively prevented from falling on the processing seat 5 and then can be conveniently disassembled;
the cutting mechanism comprises a sliding rod 6, a second electric telescopic rod 7, a cutting seat 8, an electric sliding seat 9, a cylinder 32 and a cutting blade 44, 2 sliding rods 6 are fixed between a sealing partition plate 22 above the fixing mechanism and the inner wall of the machine body 1, the electric sliding seats 9 are all slid on the sliding rods 6, the cylinders 32 are all fixed at the bottoms of the electric sliding seats 9, the cutting seat 8 is fixed between the output ends of the 2 cylinders 32, tool rests 40 are respectively arranged at two ends inside the cutting seat 8, the cutting blade 44 is fixed on the inner side of each tool rest 40, an electric sliding rail 41 is fixed above the tool rest 40 at the top end inside the cutting seat 8, sliding blocks 42 connected with the tops of the tool rests 40 are all slidably connected with the electric sliding rails 41 at the same end, springs 43 are all fixed inside the electric sliding rails 41, and one ends of the springs 43 are all fixedly connected with;
the separating mechanism comprises a third electric telescopic rod 10, a blanking plate 11, a separating seat 15, a connecting rod 16, a buffer baffle and a separating mechanical claw, a fifth electric telescopic rod 38 and a fixing rod 39 are respectively fixed at the bottom end of the inner part of the machine body 1 below the separating seat 15, one end of the bottom of the separating seat 15 close to the conveying plate 13 is hinged and fixed with the output end of the fifth electric telescopic rod 38, one end of the bottom of the separating seat 15 far away from the conveying plate 13 is hinged and fixed with the top of the fixing rod 39, the size of one end of the conveying plate 13 close to the processing seat 5 is larger than that of one end of the conveying plate 13 close to the separating seat 15, the height of one end of the conveying plate 13 close to the processing seat 5 is larger than that of one end of the conveying plate 13 close to the separating seat 15, the waste batteries after cutting can be conveniently ensured to slide onto the separating seat 15 through the conveying plate 13 for separating processing, the, the blanking plate 11 is fixed at one end of the separating seat 15 through a bracket, the two ends of the separating seat 15 are respectively provided with a separating mechanical claw, one end of one side of the separating mechanical claw is fixedly connected with the sealing partition plate 22 through a connecting rod 16, one end of the other side of the separating mechanical claw is fixedly connected with the output end of the third electric telescopic rod 10 connected on the inner wall of the machine body 1, the separating mechanical claw and the fixing mechanical claw are respectively composed of a fixing claw 49, a claw disc 50, a pressure head 51 and a fixing seat 52, the claw disc 50 is hinged at one side of the fixing seat 52, the fixing claws 49 are uniformly fixed at the top of the claw disc 50, the pressure head 51 is fixed at the center of the claw disc 50 below the fixing claw 49, the elastic anti-skid pads are respectively arranged at one side of the pressure head 51 and one side of the buffer baffle, so that the elasticity and the anti-skid of the pressure head 51 and, the damage to the waste batteries is reduced, the rotating motors are fixed inside the separation mechanical claw and the fixed mechanical claw which are close to the fixed seats 52 at one ends of the second electric telescopic rod 7 and the third electric telescopic rod 10, and the output ends of the rotating motors are fixedly connected with the hinged shafts of the claw discs 50;
the collecting mechanism comprises a core box 12 and a shell box 14, the shell box 14 is arranged inside the machine body 1 on one side, away from the conveying plate 13, of the separating seat 15, and the core box 12 is arranged inside the machine body 1 between the blanking plate 11 and the shell box 14.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A safe disassembly and recovery method of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the pressure of the injected inert gas is adjusted by a pressure reducing valve (25), and the inert gas in the gas storage tank (27) is introduced into the machine body (1) from a gas pipe (26) to be used as protective gas;
step two: putting a lithium ion battery into a machine body (1) through a waste battery inlet (29), after the lithium ion battery is preliminarily limited and overturned through a baffle plate in a waste battery transportation channel, enabling the waste battery to stably fall on a transportation mechanism, after the waste battery is identified through battery end cover identifiers (28) on two sides of the transportation mechanism, adjusting the movement direction of the waste battery on the transportation mechanism through rotation of a corresponding steering baffle plate (31), and enabling the positive end of the waste battery to be uniformly oriented to be transported on a conveyor belt (30) of the transportation mechanism;
step three: waste batteries are conveyed to a fixing mechanism through a conveying mechanism, a second electric telescopic rod (7) on one side of the fixing mechanism drives a fixed mechanical claw to stretch, the waste batteries are pushed to the fixed mechanical claw on one end of a support to be fixed, a rotating motor on the fixed mechanical claw on one end of the second electric telescopic rod (7) is started to drive the fixed waste batteries to rotate, a cutting mechanism is enabled to move to the position above the waste batteries on a sliding rod (6) through an electric sliding seat (9) and drives a cutting seat (8) to descend through stretching of an air cylinder (32), then a tool rest (40) moves in an electric sliding rail (41) through a sliding block (42) until cutting blades (44) on a double-side tool rest (40) are in contact with the rotating waste batteries to cut the waste batteries, waste chips and organic solution generated by cutting fall into a collecting hopper (36) and are guided into a material distributing box (23) through the collecting hopper (36), separating the waste scraps and the organic solution by a material separating seat (45) in a material separating box (23), enabling the organic solution to enter an evaporation box (21) for high-temperature evaporation, enabling the evaporated hot steam to enter a condenser (17), cooling the hot steam into electrolyte through circulating water in the condenser (17), and leading the electrolyte into an electrolyte tank (19);
step four: after cutting, the fixed mechanical claw loosens, the cut waste batteries fall on the material blocking screen plate (34), the fixed mechanism is turned over through the expansion and contraction of the fourth electric telescopic rod (33), the cut waste batteries slide onto the separating mechanism through the conveying plate (13), the shells and the cores of the waste batteries are respectively fixed through the separating mechanical claws at the two ends of the separating mechanism, and the shells and the cores of the waste batteries are separated by starting a rotating motor on the separating mechanical claw at one end of the third electric telescopic rod (10) to rotate so as to drive the shells and the cores fixed on the separating mechanical claw to rotate;
step five: make the separating mechanism slope through the expansion of fifth electric telescopic handle (38), and become flexible the separation gripper of connecting rod (16) one end, make the waste battery casing fall on separating mechanism, open the buffer stop on the separating mechanism, make the casing of separation fall into and collect in casing case (14), the flexible separation gripper that drives corresponding end of rethread third electric telescopic handle (10) removes, make and move the core and remove lower flitch (11) top, the last separation gripper that becomes flexible third electric telescopic handle (10) one end, make the core collect in sliding into core case (12) through lower flitch (11).
2. The method for disassembling and recycling lithium ion batteries safely according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, the inert gas in the gas storage tank (27) is nitrogen or argon.
3. A safety disassembling and recycling device for lithium ion batteries, which is used for implementing the safety disassembling and recycling method for lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, and which comprises: the device comprises a machine body (1), a gas protection mechanism, a transportation mechanism, a fixing mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a waste recovery mechanism, a conveying plate (13), a separating mechanism, a collecting mechanism and a waste battery inlet (29), wherein the waste battery inlet (29) is formed in one end of the machine body (1), a sealing partition plate (22) is transversely fixed in the machine body (1), the gas protection mechanism and the waste recovery mechanism are both arranged in the machine body (1) on one side of the sealing partition plate (22), a controller (24) is fixed between the gas protection mechanism and the waste recovery mechanism, the transportation mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the waste battery inlet (29), in the machine body (1) on the other side of the sealing partition plate (22), the fixing mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the waste battery inlet (29), of the transportation mechanism, the cutting mechanism is connected above the fixing mechanism, and the conveying plate (13) is fixed at one end, far away from the, the separating mechanism is arranged at one end of the conveying plate (13) far away from the fixing mechanism, and the collecting mechanism is arranged at one side of the separating mechanism far away from the conveying plate (13);
the gas protection mechanism comprises a pressure reducing valve (25), a gas pipe (26) and a gas storage tank (27), one end of the pressure reducing valve (25) is connected with the gas pipe (26), the pressure reducing valve (25) is fixed on the gas pipe (26), and one end, far away from the gas storage tank (27), of the gas pipe (26) extends into the machine body (1) on the other side of the sealing partition plate (22);
the waste recovery mechanism comprises a condenser (17), an electrolyte box (19), an evaporation box (21) and a material distribution box (23), the electrolyte box (19), the evaporation box (21) and the material distribution box (23) are sequentially arranged, the condenser (17) is fixed above the electrolyte box (19), the input end of the condenser (17) is communicated with the top of the evaporation box (21), the output end of the condenser (17) is communicated with the top of the electrolyte box (19), the two ends of one side of the condenser (17) are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe (18) and a water outlet pipe (20), one ends of the water inlet pipe (18) and the water outlet pipe (20) are extended to the outer side of the machine body (1), one side of the material distribution box (23) is provided with a feed inlet (46), the material distribution seat (45) is fixed inside the material distribution box (23) below the feed inlet (46), and the material distribution seat (45) is arranged into a triangular structure, a filter screen (47) is arranged at the top of the distributing seat (45), a liquid outlet (48) is arranged at one end of a distributing box (23) in the center of the distributing seat (45), a pipeline is connected to the outer side of the liquid outlet (48), and the other end of the pipeline is communicated with the evaporation box (21);
transport mechanism includes first electric telescopic handle (2), step motor (3), adjusting plate (4) and conveyer belt (30), and conveyer belt (30) are fixed in the inside of organism (1) through the support frame, the central authorities of conveyer belt (30) one side support frame are fixed with step motor (3), the output of step motor (3) and the pivot fixed connection of conveyer belt (30) one end, and the top of conveyer belt (30) both sides all is equipped with adjusting plate (4), one side evenly be fixed with the support on adjusting plate (4), the other end of support all with sealed bulkhead (22) fixed connection, and the opposite side evenly be connected with first electric telescopic handle (2) on the inner wall of adjusting plate (4) outside organism (1), the output of first electric telescopic handle (2) all with adjusting plate (4) fixed connection of this side, the one end that adjusting plate (4) inboard is close to battery entry (29) all is fixed with battery end cover discernment The device (28), the inner wall of the adjusting pressure plate (4) at one end of the battery end cover recognizer (28) far away from the waste battery inlet (29) is uniformly hinged with a steering baffle (31), and one end of the steering baffle (31) is hinged and fixed with the output end of an electric push rod fixed in the adjusting pressure plate (4);
the fixing mechanism comprises a processing seat (5), a second electric telescopic rod (7), a fourth electric telescopic rod (33), a collecting hopper (36) and a fixing mechanical claw, wherein the fourth electric telescopic rod (33) is uniformly fixed at the bottom end inside a machine body (1) below the processing seat (5), the output end of the fourth electric telescopic rod (33) is hinged and fixed with 4 corners of the bottom of the processing seat (5), the collecting hopper (36) is fixed at the center of the bottom of the processing seat (5), the bottom of the collecting hopper (36) is connected with a guide pipe (35), one end, far away from the collecting hopper (36), of the guide pipe (35) penetrates through a sealing partition plate (22) and is communicated with a feed inlet (46), a material blocking screen plate (34) is fixed at the center of the processing seat (5) at the top of the guide pipe (35), the fixing mechanical claw is arranged at the centers of two sides of the processing seat (5), and one end, far away from the fixing mechanical claw, of one side, is fixedly connected with, one end of the other side fixed mechanical claw is fixedly connected with the output end of a second electric telescopic rod (7) connected with the inner wall of the machine body (1);
the cutting mechanism comprises a sliding rod (6), a second electric telescopic rod (7), a cutting seat (8), an electric sliding seat (9), a cylinder (32) and a cutting blade (44), wherein 2 sliding rods (6) are fixed between a sealing partition plate (22) above the fixing mechanism and the inner wall of the machine body (1), the electric sliding seat (9) is respectively slid on the sliding rod (6), the cylinder (32) is respectively fixed at the bottom of the electric sliding seat (9), the cutting seat (8) is fixed between the output ends of the 2 cylinders (32), tool rests (40) are respectively arranged at two ends inside the cutting seat (8), the cutting blade (44) is respectively fixed on the inner sides of the tool rests (40), electric sliding rails (41) are respectively fixed above the tool rests (40) at the top ends inside the cutting seat (8), and sliding blocks (42) connected at the tops of the tool rests (40) are respectively connected with electric sliding rails (41) at the same end, a spring (43) is fixed inside each electric sliding rail (41), and one end of each spring (43) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (42) at the same end;
the separating mechanism comprises a third electric telescopic rod (10), a discharging plate (11), a separating seat (15), a connecting rod (16), a buffering baffle plate and a separating mechanical claw, a fifth electric telescopic rod (38) and a fixing rod (39) are respectively fixed at the bottom end of the inner part of a machine body (1) below the separating seat (15), one end of the bottom of the separating seat (15), which is close to a conveying plate (13), is hinged and fixed with the output end of the fifth electric telescopic rod (38), one end of the bottom of the separating seat (15), which is far away from the conveying plate (13), is hinged and fixed with the top of the fixing rod (39), the buffering baffle plate is hinged to both ends of the top of one side of the separating seat (15), the discharging plate (11) is fixed at one end of the separating seat (15) through a support, the separating mechanical claw is arranged at both ends of the separating seat (15), and one end of the separating mechanical claw on one side is fixedly connected with a sealing partition plate, one end of the other side of the separation mechanical claw is fixedly connected with the output end of a third electric telescopic rod (10) connected to the inner wall of the machine body (1), the separation mechanical claw and the fixed mechanical claw are all formed by a fixed claw (49), a claw disc (50), a pressure head (51) and a fixed seat (52), the claw disc (50) is hinged to one side of the fixed seat (52), the fixed claws (49) are uniformly fixed to the top of the claw disc (50), the pressure head (51) is fixed to the center of the claw disc (50) below the fixed claw (49), rotating motors are fixed to the inner portions, close to the fixed seats (52) at the second electric telescopic rod (7) and one end of the third electric telescopic rod (10), of the separation mechanical claw and the fixed mechanical claw, and the output ends of the rotating motors are fixedly connected with a hinged shaft of the claw disc (50);
the collecting mechanism comprises a core box (12) and a shell box (14), the shell box (14) is arranged in the separating seat (15) and is far away from the inside of the machine body (1) on one side of the conveying plate (13), and the core box (12) is arranged in the inside of the machine body (1) between the blanking plate (11) and the shell box (14).
4. The safety disassembling and recycling device for lithium ion batteries according to claim 3, wherein openings are provided at both ends of the processing seat (5), and limiting plates are provided at both sides of the processing seat (5).
5. The lithium ion battery safety disassembling and recycling device according to claim 3, wherein the size of the end of the transfer plate (13) close to the processing seat (5) is larger than the size of the end of the transfer plate (13) close to the separating seat (15), and the height of the end of the transfer plate (13) close to the processing seat (5) is larger than the height of the end of the transfer plate (13) close to the separating seat (15).
6. The lithium ion battery disassembling and recycling device according to claim 3, wherein a baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the machine body (1) below the waste battery inlet (29).
7. The safety disassembling and recycling device for lithium ion batteries according to claim 3, wherein the conveying belt (30) is uniformly provided with ribs.
8. The lithium ion battery safety disassembling and recycling device according to claim 3, wherein one side of the pressure head (51) and one side of the buffer baffle are provided with elastic anti-slip pads.
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| CN112974466B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-02 | 格林美(深圳)循环科技有限公司 | Distributed crushing and cutting equipment |
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| CN113649397B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2024-05-14 | 安徽黄山中友链条制造有限公司 | Waste battery conveying, crushing and separating device |
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Effective date of registration: 20230920 Address after: 341000 1st floor, building 17 (original 8) of standard workshop (Jinling science and Technology Park), phase I, Ganzhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province Patentee after: Ganzhou Kangda new energy materials Co.,Ltd. Address before: 86 No. 341000 Jiangxi city of Ganzhou province Zhanggong District Hongqi Avenue Patentee before: Jiangxi University of Science and Technology |
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Denomination of invention: A safe dismantling and recycling method and device for lithium-ion batteries Granted publication date: 20210713 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Co.,Ltd. Ganzhou Zhanggong Sub branch Pledgor: Ganzhou Kangda new energy materials Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980025858 |
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