CN110122206B

CN110122206B - Greenhouse seedling growing and planting method for Dracocephalum rupestre seeds

Info

Publication number: CN110122206B
Application number: CN201910494042.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周金川; 栾仪婷; 赵玉涵; 孔菲; 孙守毅; 卢璐; 刘靓奇; 陈虹霏; 马士超; 商成龙; 徐婉晴; 刘金玉
Original assignee: Linyi University
Current assignee: Linyi University
Priority date: 2019-06-08
Filing date: 2019-06-08
Publication date: 2021-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-08
Also published as: CN110122206A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: indoor seedling culture is carried out at the bottom of 2 months and in the beginning of 3 months, river sand and loam of 40-70 meshes are used as culture soil, the seed of the dracocephalum rupestris is uniformly sown on the surface of the culture soil, atomized and sprayed to soak the whole culture soil layer, then the dracocephalum rupestris is covered by a river sand thin layer of 10-20 meshes, the room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-75% in real time; transplanting in the first ten days of 3 months to 4 months, and performing field management in 5-8 months; harvesting leaves in summer and seeds in autumn. The greenhouse seedling raising and planting method for the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds realizes the seed propagation of the Dracocephalum rupestre, the germination rate of the seeds is improved by implementing indoor seedling raising, and the growth rate of the Dracocephalum rupestre is accelerated by transplanting seedlings; the later management greatly improves the leaf yield and the seed setting quantity of the glaucomatous turcz, and increases the economic benefit; by planting the glaucopia nilotica in the mode, the management cost is saved, and the disease and pest resistance of the glaucopia nilotica and the content of active ingredients are improved.

Description

Greenhouse seedling growing and planting method for Dracocephalum rupestre seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to a greenhouse seedling culture planting method for Dracocephalum rupestre seeds.

Background

Plant of the genus Dracocephalum, family Labiatae, genus Dracocephalum, named Maojian grassDracocephalum rupestreHance, perennial herbaceous plants. The aerial parts of the Chinese medicinal composition are rich in various mineral substances, vitamins and flavonoid compounds, have obvious effects on alimentary anemia, food retention and digestion promotion, have obvious treatment effects on patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, belong to medicinal and edible plants, and have good development and application prospects.

At present, the Dracocephalum rupestris is obtained by collecting wild group, and the wild Dracocephalum rupestris is produced in the Xining of Liaoning, inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, West to Qinghai, and is produced in alpine grassland, grassslope or Shunyang at the altitude of 650 plus 2400 m (2650 plus 3100 m in Qinghai-Da). With the development of the medicinal and edible value of the glaucopia nilotica, the collection of wild groups is difficult to meet the popularization and application, and how to carry out greenhouse seedling culture of the glaucopia nilotica seeds is a blank of artificial planting of the glaucopia nilotica, so that the large-scale planting, popularization and application of the glaucopia nilotica are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for growing seedlings of the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in a greenhouse.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in a greenhouse comprises the following steps:

(1) indoor seedling culture is carried out at the bottom of 2 months and in the beginning of 3 months, river sand and loam (3: 2) of 40-70 meshes are used as culture soil, the dracocephalum rupestris seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the culture soil bed, atomized and sprayed until the whole culture soil layer is soaked, then the dracocephalum rupestris seeds are covered by a river sand thin layer of 10-20 meshes, the room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-75% in real time;

(2) in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, the Dracocephalum rupestris seeds are transplanted from germination and soil emergence to growth until the plant height is 5-10cm, the Dracocephalum rupestris seeds are transplanted into soil holes in the middle of ridge surfaces of ridges, the hole spacing is 30-45cm, the soil hole depth is 10-15 cm, the hole opening diameter is 8-12 cm, the roots of transplanted seedlings are vertically planted in the soil holes, the seedlings are compacted and covered with soil, the holes are watered to penetrate the soil layer, the roots are fixed, the ridges are irrigated in a flood mode, plant ash with the thickness of 0.5 cm is thinly applied to the ridges after 5 days, the ridge surfaces are irrigated in a flood mode, and the middle plant stem base parts of the ridge surfaces and ridge trimming beds are covered with soil after 1 day;

(3) 5-8 months of the period is the rapid growth period of the overground part of the Dracocephalum rupestre, irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil humidity under soil, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are carried out in the flowering period and the fruiting period, and neem insecticide is sprayed or 100 times diluted chinaberry leaves are smashed into soak solution (the weight ratio is 1: 1);

(4) harvesting leaves in summer and seeds in autumn.

Preferably: the volume ratio of the river sand to the loam in the step (1) is 3: 2.

Preferably: the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in the step (1) are full-grained, black-brown, non-scab and glossy Dracocephalum rupestre seeds.

Preferably: and (3) the land where the soil holes are located in the step (2) is sandy loam, 600 jin of farmyard fermented organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in 11-12 months of each year, the land is aired after irrigation, loosened with soil, ridged, raised by 30-40 cm in height and 20-30 cm in ridge surface width, and the land is unfrozen in spring for later use after frozen soil is applied.

Preferably: and (3) transplanting when the ground temperature in the step (2) is maintained above 10 ℃.

Preferably: and (3) irrigating when the humidity of the soil below the soil layer is lower than 30% and the humidity of the root system soil is lower than the humidity of the soil below the soil layer.

Preferably: and (4) spraying a chinaberry insecticide for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in the step (3) or smashing the diluted 100 times of chinaberry leaves to obtain a soaking solution.

Preferably: the weight ratio of the chinaberry leaves to the soaking liquid water is 1: 1.

Preferably: and (4) harvesting the seeds, cutting the whole branch of the inflorescence from the inflorescence handle, placing the cut branch of the inflorescence under the sun for a period of time, beating the cut branch of the inflorescence until the shell becomes dry and fragile, and dropping the seed of the Dracocephalum rupestris L for later use.

Has the advantages that:

according to the method for planting the cymbidium sinense seeds in the greenhouse, the yield of the overground part of the cymbidium sinense is increased, the maturing rate of plants is improved, and a standardized planting technology is provided for application and development of the cymbidium sinense.

The greenhouse seedling raising and planting method for the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds realizes the seed propagation of the Dracocephalum rupestre, the germination rate of the seeds is improved by implementing indoor seedling raising, and the growth rate of the Dracocephalum rupestre is accelerated by transplanting seedlings; the later management greatly improves the leaf yield and the seed setting quantity of the glaucomatous turcz, and increases the economic benefit; by planting the glaucopia nilotica in the mode, the management cost is saved, and the disease and pest resistance of the glaucopia nilotica and the content of active ingredients are improved.

The greenhouse seedling raising and planting method for the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds adopts technical seedling raising when seeds are bred, the ratio of river sand to loam selected as seedling raising soil is 3:2, the water supply mode is atomizing water spraying, the room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, the humidity is 65% -75%, and the seedling raising soil with the ratio is selected, so that the greenhouse seedling raising and planting method has strong air permeability and moisture retention capacity and can promote seed germination; meanwhile, the method is beneficial to the protection of the root system during transplanting and the quick adaptation of field hardening off, and the proportioning property is stable and can be recycled for multiple times. The selection of other culture soils does not have such suitable characteristics.

The method for planting the cymbidium sinense seeds for raising seedlings in the greenhouse adopts the queue planting on the ridges, the plants adapt to the environment with dry and loose soil, the root systems are afraid of waterlogging in the flood season, so the plants need to be planted on the ridge surfaces, the plant crown surfaces are large and are not suitable for close planting, and the queue planting can promote the extension of the plant leaf surfaces and increase the yield of the cymbidium sinense.

The greenhouse seedling raising and planting method for the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds ensures that the root system is complete and undamaged as much as possible when the root system of the Dracocephalum rupestre is separated; the integrity of the root system of the dracocephalum rupestre is ensured, the phenomenon that roots are rotted due to damage and the like when the dracocephalum rupestre is planted in the soil is avoided, and the plant growth is not facilitated, so that the integrity of the root system is ensured, the survival rate of the dracocephalum rupestre can be increased, and the economic benefit is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth state of a seedling of Dracocephalum rupestre planted by the planting method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.

All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

The embodiment illustrates a method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:

preparing a transplanting land for the cymbidium sinense seedlings: the sandy soil, the gravel soil, the loam, the clay and the like can be selected without being shielded by tree shades and the like, but the sandy soil, the gravel soil, the loam, the clay and the like are in a semi-dry state, wherein the sandy loam with loose soil, rich soil and deep soil layer is more beneficial to the growth of the sandy loam. Applying 600 jin of farmyard fermented organic fertilizer per mu in 11-12 months of each year, watering, drying in the air, loosening the soil and ridging. The ridge height is 30-40 cm, the ridge surface width is 20-30 cm, and the frozen soil is unfrozen in spring for later use.

Further, selection and seedling culture of the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds: selecting full-grain, black-brown seed shells, disease-free and glossy seeds of the Dracocephalum rupestre Hance; indoor seedling raising is carried out at the bottom of 2 months and in the early 3 months, the room temperature reaches 15-20 ℃, river sand and loam (the volume ratio of the river sand to the loam is 3: 2) of 40-70 meshes are used as culture soil, seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the culture soil bed, the seeds are sprayed to soak the whole culture soil layer in an atomizing mode, then the culture soil layer is covered with a river sand thin layer of 10-20 meshes, the humidity of the soil layer of the seedling raising bed is monitored every two days, and water is sprayed in real time to keep the soil layer moist.

Transplanting the young orchis: in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, when the seedlings grow to be about 5-10cm high and the ground temperature can be maintained above 10 ℃, the seedlings of the glaucomatode are transplanted, the glaucomatode seedlings are firstly dug out of the soil in the transplanting process, then the seedlings with the roots wound together are separated, and in the separating process, the completeness of the roots of the seedlings needs to be protected.

Planting the cymbidium sinense seedlings: transplanting the dug seedlings into soil holes in the middle of ridge surfaces of the ridges, wherein the depth of the soil holes is 10-15 cm, the diameter of hole openings is 8-12 cm, the distance between the holes is 30-45cm, after the roots of the transplanted seedlings are vertically planted in the soil holes, all blades extend out of the ground, compacting and covering soil, and watering the holes until the soil layer is soaked; after three days, after the root system is basically fixed, flood irrigation is carried out among the ridges; after 5 days, applying plant ash with the thickness of 0.5 cm on the ridge in a thin way, and then soaking the surface of the ridge; covering the stem base part of the middle plant on the ridge surface and trimming ridge ridges after 1 day, observing the seedlings every three days, and timely cleaning weeds, especially weeds in holes.

Field management: 5-8 months of the method is a rapid growth period of the overground part of the Dracocephalum rupestris, water supply needs to be paid attention to, and irrigation can be carried out in time according to the humidity of soil under the soil, and the mode is flood irrigation; the pest and disease damage is mainly concentrated in the flowering period and the fruiting period, and the pesticide of the chinaberry trees or the mashed chinaberry leaves soaking solution (the weight ratio of the smashed chinaberry leaves to the soaking solution is 1: 1) can be sprayed in the flowering period and the fruiting period for later use after being diluted by 100 times.

Harvesting of the blue rocky pigment: the leaves can be harvested at the beginning of summer, and the leaves are dried in the shade for sale; the seeds are generally ripe in autumn, the whole branch of the inflorescence can be cut from the inflorescence stalk, after the seeds are exposed in the sun for a period of time, the shells become dry and fragile, then the seeds are flapped, and the Dracocephalum rupestris seed is fallen out and collected for later use.

The planting method using the present invention is shown in table 1 compared to the wild state.

As can be seen from the table 1 and the figure 1, compared with wild Dracocephalum rupestris, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination rate, the seed setting rate and the yield of Dracocephalum rupestris seeds are obviously improved, and the economic benefit is increased; by planting the glaucopia backing in the mode, the management cost is saved, the disease and insect resistance of the glaucopia backing is improved (figure 1), and in addition, the contents of active ingredients of the glaucopia backing, namely naringenin-O-glucoside and eriodictyol-O-glucoside are obviously improved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Other technical features than those described in the specification are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein in detail in order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) indoor seedling culture is carried out at the bottom of 2 months and in the beginning of 3 months, river sand and loam of 40-70 meshes are used as culture soil, the volume ratio of the river sand to the loam is 3:2, the dracocephalum rupestris seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the culture soil bed, atomized and sprayed until the whole culture soil layer is soaked, then covered by a river sand thin layer of 10-20 meshes, the room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-75% in real time;

(2) in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, the Dracocephalum rupestris seeds are transplanted from germination and soil emergence to growth until the plant height is 5-10cm, the step (2) is transplanted when the ground temperature is maintained above 10 ℃, the dracocephalum rupestris seeds are transplanted into soil holes in the middle of ridge surfaces for ridging, the hole spacing is 30-45cm, the soil hole depth is 10-15 cm, the hole opening diameter is 8-12 cm, the roots of the transplanted seedlings are vertically planted in the soil holes, the seedlings are compacted and covered with soil, the seedlings are watered to penetrate through a soil layer in the holes, after the roots are fixed, the ridges are subjected to flood irrigation, after 5 days, plant ash with the thickness of 0.5 cm is thinly applied to the ridges, then the ridge surfaces are irrigated, and after 1 day, the plant stem bases in the middle of the ridge surfaces are covered with;

(3) 5-8 months of the method is a rapid growth period of the overground part of the Dracocephalum rupestre, irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil humidity under soil, and the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in the flowering period and fruiting period;

(4) harvesting leaves in summer and seeds in autumn.

2. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in the step (1) are full-grained, black-brown, non-scab and glossy Dracocephalum rupestre seeds.

3. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) the land where the soil holes are located in the step (2) is sandy loam, 600 jin of farmyard fermented organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in 11-12 months of each year, the land is aired after irrigation, loosened with soil, ridged, raised by 30-40 cm in height and 20-30 cm in ridge surface width, and the land is unfrozen in spring for later use after frozen soil is applied.

4. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) irrigating when the humidity of the soil below the soil layer is lower than 30% and the humidity of the root system soil is lower than the humidity of the soil below the soil layer.

5. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) spraying a chinaberry insecticide for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in the step (3) or smashing the diluted 100 times of chinaberry leaves to obtain a soaking solution.

6. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that: the weight ratio of the chinaberry leaves to the soak solution is 1: 1.

7. The method for growing seedlings of Dracocephalum rupestre seeds in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) harvesting the seeds, cutting the whole branch of the inflorescence from the inflorescence handle, placing the cut branch of the inflorescence under the sun for a period of time, beating the cut branch of the inflorescence until the shell becomes dry and fragile, and dropping the seed of the Dracocephalum rupestris L for later use.