CN110122137B - Method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees, which comprises the following steps: in the first year, the following measures are adopted: before sprouting in spring, cutting the trunk of the cat milk seedlings at a position 5-10 cm away from the ground, selecting a robust branch growing upwards as a trunk extension branch on the upper part of the seedling trunk when the growth length of the lateral branches reaches 15-20 cm, and removing the rest lateral branches; shaping and pruning for the first time, wherein the pruning height is 50-60 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is to adopt a pruning method of promoting lateral branches for buds; shaping and pruning for the second time, wherein the pruning height is 100-110 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is to adopt a pruning method of promoting lateral branches for the buds; shaping and trimming for the third time, and cutting off trunk extension branches at a position 150-160 cm away from the ground; and forming three layers of crowns by trimming the cat baby vaccine after three times of shaping. The invention can increase the branch level and leaf quantity of a single plant, and achieves the aim of improving the leaf yield.

Description

Method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cat milk pruning method, in particular to a cat milk sapling shaping pruning method.

Background

Cat milk (Rhamnella fraguloids (Maxim.) Weberb.) is also named as Rhamnella longifolia, Rhamnus angustifolia (Anhui), Rhamnus dactyloides (Zhejiang) and Rhamnus chinensis (Jiangsu), and belongs to Rhamnella of Rhamnaceae (Rhamnaceae) genus of Cat milk (Rhamnella). Deciduous shrubs or small trees with a height of 2-9 m grow on hillsides, roadside or in forests with an elevation of less than 1100 m.

The cat milk has tea value. People in hilly and mountain areas such as Jiangsu province peace and town have a habit of picking young leaves of cat milk to prepare wild tea, the wild tea is locally called as 'Qili tea', has dark green color and luster, faint scent when being drunk, has no color change after long-term soaking, has no astringent taste of common tea leaves after being drunk, feels refreshing and refreshing after being drunk, has the effect of reducing blood pressure and is deeply loved by drinkers. Therefore, the main purpose of cultivating the catmilk in the places of Ning and Town of Jiangsu province is to obtain leaves as tea leaves, but because the cat milk has strong top advantage and higher growth height, the cat milk is not suitable for collecting the leaves, the current method for farmers is as follows: when the leaf grows to 1.5 m, the trunk is cut off to promote the development of lateral branches and the crown is raised, so that the leaf amount is increased. The method has the following disadvantages: the tree crown is single-layer, the yield of single plant leaves is very low, and the market cannot be developed.

At present, most tea areas in China select the shrub type tea trees with the most varieties, and although the cat milk is used as tea tree species for cultivation in hilly and mountainous areas such as Jiangsu province, town and the like, the growth characteristics of the cat milk are greatly different from those of the shrub type tea trees, and the current general tea tree pruning method cannot be adopted for pruning. Cat milk is mainly different from shrub type tea trees in several ways: (1) the shrub type tea tree is a tea tree variety which is resistant to close planting, strong in top end advantage, upright in plant, compact in plant type, oblique in leaf, strong in bud-growing force and fast in growth, namely the tea tree does not have an obvious trunk, branches from the base of the plant and branches densely; the cat milk plant has obvious branches from the base to the middle trunk, the branches are thin, the crown is umbrella-shaped, the branches are soft, flat and poor in uprightness, and the cat milk plant is not suitable for close planting. (2) The shrub type tea tree leaves are small and thick; the leaves of cat milk are large and thin. (3) The top of the main branch of the cat milk has strong superiority, the growing potential of the lateral branch is weak, the cat milk branch is softer, and particularly if the branch of the lateral branch is closer to the ground, the soft and drooping lateral branch is often close to the ground, so that the quality and quality of leaves are affected. Therefore, the branch point is required to be a little higher from the ground. The tree branches of the shrub type tea trees are strong in uprightness, and the quality of leaves of the tea trees cannot be influenced due to the low branch points.

At present, only the study on the aspect of pruning cat milk plants is preliminarily discussed in the method for introducing the cultivation management of the cat milk plants by Zhang Yue et al (2012), the trunk height is prolonged by adopting a traditional method through a tip-cutting and grafting dry method, and the branches and leaves are increased by cutting the trunk height, cutting the middle and short parts, pinching and promoting the development of lateral branches to form crowns. No relevant report is found on the method for pruning the young cat-milk trees by adopting a lampholder type multi-level branch shaping method.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of low yield of single leaf of the cat milk in the prior art, the invention provides a method for shaping and pruning cat milk saplings.

The technical scheme is as follows: the method for shaping and pruning the young cat milk trees comprises the following steps: in the first year, the following measures are adopted:

(1) before sprouting in spring, cutting the trunk of the cat milk seedlings at a position 5-10 cm away from the ground, selecting a robust branch growing upwards as a trunk extension branch on the upper part of the seedling trunk when the growth length of the lateral branches reaches 15-20 cm, and removing the rest lateral branches;

(2) when the height of the cat seedlings is more than 50-60 cm, carrying out primary shaping and pruning, wherein the pruning height is 50-60 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is a pruning method for promoting lateral branches to bud; shaping and trimming cat milk seedlings for the first time to form a first layer of crown;

(3) when the height of the cat seedlings reaches more than 100-110 cm, carrying out secondary shaping and pruning, wherein the pruning height is 100-110 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is a pruning method for promoting lateral branches to bud; forming a second layer of crowns by carrying out secondary shaping and pruning on the cat baby seedlings;

(4) when the height of the cat milk seedlings reaches more than 150-160 cm, carrying out third shaping and pruning, and cutting off trunk extension branches at a position 150-160 cm away from the ground; and (5) shaping and trimming the cat baby vaccine for the third time to form a third layer of crown.

Before sprouting in spring, annual seedlings of the cat milk are cut to be dry, strong branches can be promoted, a lampstand type multi-level tree crown is formed by three times of shaping and pruning, the branch level and the leaf amount of a single plant are increased, and the purpose of improving the leaf yield is achieved. The leaves of the cat milk are used for making tea leaves, and are clean, considering that drooping branches cannot be dragged on the ground or are too close to the ground, otherwise, the leaves are not clean, so that the trimming height of the first shaping trimming is 50-60 cm away from the ground; when the three-time shaping and pruning are carried out, the distance between every two adjacent layers is 50-60 cm, the cat milk plant is a shrub or a small tree, the height is 2-9 m, the distance is 50-60 cm and is sufficient, and the distance is set to be 50-60 cm due to the fact that the cat milk branch has the drooping characteristic.

During the first and second shaping pruning, the pruning method comprises branch pulling or binding, and the side branches are promoted by pruning, so that the yield of the leaves is improved. The branch pulling method comprises the following steps: and (4) flattening or downwards pulling the branches to form bow-shaped bends, keeping the bud points at the top of the pruning height, and drawing to generate the branches. The binding method comprises the following steps: and (5) tightening the lower part of the bud by using a thin iron wire or a thin rope.

And (3) reserving 4-5 main branches in different directions, such as southeast, northwest, of each layer of tree crown, and removing buds and branches between layers. The reason is as follows: (1) branches in different directions are staggered to fully utilize sunlight; (2) branches of each layer compete with each other for sunlight, so that too many branches can not be left in each layer; (3) the branches are more, and part of the branches can gradually die due to less sunlight, so that nutrients of the trees are wasted; (4) the branches growing from the trunk are relatively fewer, the branches grow thicker, the leaves are large, the number of the branches is large, the quality of the branches is good, and the problem that the number of the branches is too large is avoided: (1) the trees are easy to be ventilated and transparent due to more branches and leaves, and the trees are easy to suffer from plant diseases and insect pests. When the light is insufficient, the branches will be dry and dead. (2) Many branches compete for nutrition, the branches are thin and weak, the number of leaves is small, and the quality is poor.

In the interval period of each layer of pruning, when the length of the main branch reaches more than 50cm, pinching or short-cutting the main branch to promote the generation of lateral branches, and the length of each level of lateral branches is controlled within 50cm based on the crown width and the branch softness characteristics of the cat milk.

The crown width of each layer of crown is controlled to be 2.0-2.5 m, the number of plants in unit area is increased, and the yield of leaves in unit area is obviously increased.

And (3) pruning in the steps (1) to (4) is carried out within one year, and bud carving or branch pulling is carried out on bald parts or/and main branch lacking parts of the main trunk in each layer in the second year, so that directional bud drawing is promoted, and main branches are promoted to grow.

In the second year, the bud carving method comprises the following steps: 7-10 days before sprouting in spring of the next year, selecting a bud at the bald part or/and the part lacking the main branch of the trunk in each layer, transversely cutting the bud 0.3-0.5cm away from the upper part of the bud to reach the xylem, wherein the transverse cutting width is larger than the width of the bud, and the length is 1/3-1/2 of the stem periphery. For strong and vigorous trees, buds are carved every 2-3 buds, empty carved buds are inserted in circles at four sides, and the buds ascend spirally to avoid overlapping of upper and lower branches; for a growing mediocre tree, one bud is carved every 3-5 buds; for weak trees, a branch pulling method is adopted.

The cat milk seedlings are the current-year or 1-year-old cat milk seeding seedlings.

Has the advantages that:

at present, the shaping and pruning of young catbreast trees are traditional single-layer crown shapes, the crown width is large (about 3m for 3-5 years old tree crown width), 40 plants are planted in each mu, the fresh weight of each plant is about two 6-7 and about 300g, the number of the fixed plants in unit area is small, and the leaf yield is low.

The lampstand type multi-level branch shaping and trimming method for the young cat milk trees has the characteristics that a single plant has multiple levels, branches are multiple, and leaves are large, meanwhile, the number of plants and the yield of leaves in a unit area can be obviously improved under the condition of controlling the crown width of a tree crown, under the condition of the same age, the number of branches and the weight of leaves of each plant are more than 1.5 times of that of a single-level crown in the traditional method, and the leaves are improved by several times compared with that of the traditional single-level crown.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a picture of a cut-stem cat milk;

fig. 2 is a picture after the second fixing and trimming.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Example 1

Materials: taking the 1 year old cat milk seeding as an example. The method for shaping and pruning the young cat-milk trees (the shaping and pruning are basically completed in 2 years) comprises the following steps:

in the first year:

(1) cut the stem 5cm from the ground before germination in early spring.

Before the seedlings of the cat milk sowed in 2-3 months in early spring (the seedlings sowed in the first year and grown for one year) sprout, the seedlings are cut off from the ground by 5cm by using branch shears. When the growth length of the lateral branches reaches 15cm, selecting a robust upward-growing branch on the upper part of the seedling trunk as a trunk extension branch, and removing the rest lateral branches. A support rod is inserted into the edge of the trunk for binding, so that the extension branch of the trunk is upright upwards.

(2) First set trim (first layer): the height of the first shaping and trimming is preferably 50-60 cm away from the ground. And when the height of the seedling is more than 50-60 cm, binding and binding the seedling below the buds by using a thin (nylon) rope or a thin iron wire, or flattening the branches higher than 50cm (or drawing the branches downwards to form bow bends) by using a branch drawing method, and enabling the bud points at the height of 50-60 cm to be positioned at the uppermost end, so that the lateral buds on the branches at the height of 50-60 cm are drawn to generate the branches.

(3) Second sizing trim (second layer): and (4) shaping and trimming when the height of the seedlings grows to be more than 100-110 cm, wherein the height of the second shaping and trimming is increased by 50cm at the shearing opening of the first shaping and trimming, namely trimming at a position 100-110 cm away from the ground. (the method is the same as the first shaping and pruning, and the branches higher than 100cm are tied and tied under the buds by using thin (nylon) ropes or thin iron wires or are pulled flatly (or pulled downwards to form a bow-shaped bend) by using a branch pulling method, so that the buds at the height of 100-110 cm are positioned at the uppermost end, and the lateral buds on the branches at the height of 100-110 cm are extracted to generate the branches.)

(4) Third cut and trim (third layer): and after the second shaping and pruning, if the seedlings grow vigorously, the shaping and pruning can be carried out in advance, namely, the shaping and pruning can be carried out when the height of the seedlings grows to be more than 150-160 cm, and the pruning height is increased by 50cm on the basis of the pruning cut of the second shaping and pruning, namely, the trunk extending branches are cut off by using branch shears about 150-160 cm away from the ground.

A layer of crown can be formed by shaping and pruning each time, 4-5 main branches in different directions are reserved in each layer, and buds and branches between layers are removed.

In the interval period of each layer of pruning, when the length of the main branch reaches more than 50cm, pinching (removing terminal buds) or cutting (cutting off tips by using branch scissors) is carried out on the main branch, so as to promote the growth of lateral branches. The length of each level of lateral branches is controlled within 50 cm. Controlling the crown width of each layer of crown to be about 2.0-2.5 m.

In the second year:

on the basis of shaping and pruning in the first year, if the trunk part in each layer is bald or the number and direction of branches are insufficient, bud carving is carried out 7-10 days before germination in spring in the second year for about 3 middle ten days to promote directional bud sprouting and promote large main branches. In each layer, a bud is selected at the bald part and the part lacking the main branch of the main trunk, the distance between the bud and the upper part of the bud is about 0.3-0.5cm, the transverse distance reaches the xylem, the transverse distance is greater than the width of the bud, and the length is 1/3-1/2 of the stem periphery. For strong and vigorous trees, buds can be carved every 2-3 buds, empty carved buds are inserted in circles on four sides, and the buds ascend spirally to avoid overlapping of upper and lower branches; for a growing mediocre tree, one bud can be carved every 3-5 buds; for weak trees, the branch drawing method can be used without bud carving. Since the nicks prevent the upward transport of nutrients and moisture, growth of the part above the wound is inhibited, thereby enhancing germination of the buds of the part below the wound. Note that the strong tree has more shoots and the moderate tree has less shoots.

Branches can not be formed at the annual branch position in the current year and can be formed again in the next year.

In addition, for the cloned cat milk seedlings which are normally out of nursery, the first fixed pruning is carried out immediately after the cat milk seedlings are transplanted, but for the cat milk seedlings which are poor in growth or have the height of only about 20cm, the top is cut during transplanting, and the first fixed pruning is delayed until the cat milk seedlings germinate in the spring of the next year (after 1 year of growth).

After the pruning, the cat milk tree has multiple single plant layers, multiple branches and multiple leaves, and meanwhile, the number of plants and the yield of leaves in unit area can be obviously improved under the condition of controlling the crown width of the tree crown, and under the condition of the same age, the number of branches and the weight of leaves of each plant are more than 1.5 times of that of a single-layer crown in the traditional method.

Claims (7)

1. A method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first year, the following measures are adopted:

(1) before sprouting in spring, cutting the trunk of the cat milk seedlings at a position 5-10 cm away from the ground, selecting a robust branch growing upwards as a trunk extension branch on the upper part of the seedling trunk when the growth length of the lateral branches reaches 15-20 cm, and removing the rest lateral branches;

(2) when the height of the cat seedlings reaches 50-60 cm, carrying out primary shaping and pruning, wherein the pruning height is 50-60 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is a pruning method for promoting lateral branches to the buds; shaping and trimming cat milk seedlings for the first time to form a first layer of crown;

(3) when the height of the cat seedlings reaches 100-110 cm, carrying out secondary shaping and pruning, wherein the pruning height is 100-110 cm away from the ground, and the pruning technique is a pruning method for promoting lateral branches to the buds; forming a second layer of crowns by carrying out secondary shaping and pruning on the cat baby seedlings;

(4) when the height of the cat milk seedlings reaches 150-160 cm, carrying out third shaping and pruning, and cutting trunk extension branches at a position 150-160 cm away from the ground; shaping and trimming cat milk seedlings for the third time to form a third layer of crown;

the pruning method comprises branch pulling or binding;

4-5 main branches in different directions of south, east, west and north are reserved in each layer of tree crown, and buds and branches between layers are removed.

2. The method for trimming young cat milk trees according to claim 1, wherein in the interval period of trimming each layer, when the length of the main branch reaches more than 50cm, the main branch is pinched or cut off to promote lateral branches, and the length of each level of lateral branches is controlled within 50 cm.

3. The method for shaping and pruning the young cat milk tree according to claim 1, wherein the crown width of each layer of the crown is controlled to be 2.0-2.5 m.

4. The method for shaping and pruning the young cat milk trees according to claim 1, wherein the pruning in the steps (1) - (4) is carried out within one year, and in the next year, buds are carved or a branch pulling method is adopted at the bald part or/and the part lacking the main branch of the main trunk in each layer, so that the directional bud drawing is promoted, and the main branch is promoted.

5. The method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees according to claim 4, wherein the method for carving buds in the second year comprises the following steps: 7-10 days before sprouting in spring of the next year, selecting a bud at the bald part or/and the part lacking the main branch of the trunk in each layer, transversely cutting the bud 0.3-0.5cm away from the upper part of the bud to reach the xylem, wherein the transverse cutting width is larger than the width of the bud, and the length is 1/3-1/2 of the stem periphery.

6. The method for shaping and pruning young cat milk trees according to claim 5, wherein for strong and vigorous trees, a bud is carved every 2-3 buds, and the carved buds are inserted into the tree in a circle at four sides and spirally raised to avoid overlapping of upper and lower branches; for a growing mediocre tree, one bud is carved every 3-5 buds; for weak trees, a branch pulling method is adopted.

7. The method for shape pruning of young cat milk trees according to claim 1, wherein the young cat milk trees are young current-year-old young cat milk trees.

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