CN103039241B - Method for cultivating street trees of spicy Jatropha - Google Patents
Method for cultivating street trees of spicy Jatropha Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039241B CN103039241B CN201210586755.5A CN201210586755A CN103039241B CN 103039241 B CN103039241 B CN 103039241B CN 201210586755 A CN201210586755 A CN 201210586755A CN 103039241 B CN103039241 B CN 103039241B
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- jatropha curcas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating street trees of spicy Jatropha. Plants in Jatropha are used as raw materials, a rootstock is made from Jatropha curcas, a scion is made from spicy Jatropha, and scion grafting is performed. Grafting time is selected elaborately. Steps of Jatropha curcas cultivation, rootstock preparation, spicy Jatropha scion preparation, spicy Jatropha with no rootstock or shoot reserved, and late management and the like are performed to cultivate an arboreous street tree of spicy Jatropha, which has a Jatropha curcas trunk, a spicy Jatropha crown and elegant appearance. The grafting success rate of the method can reach 90%, ornamental value of spicy Jatropha can be increased evidently, and a new way of widening application range of spicy Jatropha in landscaping is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant graft and ornamental plant and cultivate technical field, especially a kind of breeding method that becomes leaf coral flower street tree.
Background technology
Become leaf coral flower and Jatropha curcas and be all Euphorbiaceae Jatropha (Jatropha L.) plant, originate in american torrid zone area, the two all has artificial cultivation in Southwestern China, South China.
Become leaf coral flower (J.integernma Jacq.), also cry qin leaf coral, qin leaf cherry, cherry everyday, evergreen shrubs, branches and leaves are luxuriant, and leaf like violin, pattern is gorgeous, blooms throughout the year constantly, and it is red and pink two kinds that cultivar has.Because its trunk branch is low, branch is many, resistance to pruning, be used for hedgerow, sheet is planted and group planting, be applicable to flower garden, road cultivation, be a kind of good tropical ornamencal flower and tree.But becoming leaf coral flower is typical shrub, lacks obvious trunk, tree-like poor, does not generally cultivate as street tree.
Jatropha curcas (J.curcas L.), also cries the little seeds of a tung oil tree, diesel oil tree, machaka or dungarunga, and brightly yellowish green, capsule is yellow, and initial bloom stage reaches 6-7 month to the fructescence.The limb of Jatropha curcas is more sturdy, nearly meat, and bark is grayish green, and Glabrous, through manually pruning, can be cultivated upright trunk.Jatropha curcas is drought-resistant barren, easily breeding, and growth rapidly, is famous Tree Species as Bio-energy, very large at Southwestern China and South China's cultivation amount, plant very easily obtains.
Less about becoming the open report of leaf coral flower, be detected in Variety Introduction and cultivation and the aspect such as breed.Patent and document about Jatropha curcas are more, mainly concentrate on variety source, cultivation is bred and biodiesel such as prepares at the aspect.Graft technology, as one of method of breed improvement, is widely used in agricultural production.The existing open source literature of grafting and proprietary material in leprosy seeds between different cultivars, but have no the research report about graft technology between Jatropha curcas and the change leaf coral seeds of flowering plants.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of change leaf coral simple and easy to do, that graft survival rate is high and spends the breeding method of street tree.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: become the breeding method of leaf coral flower street tree, comprise the following steps:
(1) Jatropha curcas is cultivated Jatropha curcas after planting, since seedling stage, constantly wipes out side shoot, keeps single trunk grow, retains its top branch and blade, cultivates 3-5 standby;
(2) transplant the 3-4 month in spring, excavate single trunk, trunk height 120-160cm, trunk diameter 4-6cm and only at trunk apical growth, have the Jatropha curcas of branch and blade, prune root system, plant in bag or control root container are planted by U.S.A of suitable size (object is to cultivate the trunk that becomes leaf coral flower street tree), water sufficient normal root water, transplanting medium, by the preparation in 2: 1: 1 in mass ratio of peat soil, yellow soil, river sand, applies appropriate farmyard manure or controlled release chemical fertilizer as base manure;
(3) after trimming and finishing is transplanted, prune immediately the tree crown of Jatropha curcas, pinching is pinched, at reserved 3-4 the branch of Jatropha curcas top correct position, make it be uniformly distributed in trunk top, branch retains length 30-50cm, cuts off unnecessary branch, keep single trunk molding, the moisturizing of shading, maintenance is 2 months meticulously;
(4) grafting time carries out grafting the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June then transplanting, and this is to become the suitable time that leaf coral flower and Jatropha curcas carry out heteroplastic graft;
(5) when stock is prepared grafting, cut off the whole reserved branch on Jatropha curcas top, making each branch retain length is 10-30cm, and all reserved branch is all for grafting;
(6) stock branch is processed and is scabbled branch section, in Huo Pianyi side, section center, and downward rip cutting 2-3cm;
(7) fringe bar is prepared to select to spend semi-lignified branch or annual lignification branch as fringe bar without the change leaf coral of damage by disease and insect, robust growth, and scion length is 5-8cm, band 4-6 sheet leaf, and diameter can be equal to or less than stock cross section diameter;
(8) scion cutting cuts off and becomes leaf coral flower scion lower blade, and 1-2 sheet leaf is stayed on scion top, and at 2-3cm place, scion bottom, a cutter is respectively cut on two sides, otch wedgewise, and length chamfer length differs about 1cm;
(9) bonding operation is after Jatropha curcas stock branch and change leaf coral flower scion milk flow to end, scion is inserted to stock otch, scion forms layer with stock and aligns or align with the formation layer of stock one side, use the plastic strip of wide about 1.5cm that otch, tangent plane are wound around to wrapping, tie up plastic film bag moisturizing outward, and wrap up lucifuge with newspaper or brown paper.
The breeding method of above-mentioned change leaf coral flower street tree, further comprising the steps of:
(10) after the management grafting after grafting, should carry out the work such as trickle, fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest; About 10-20 days after grafting, scion starts growth, shows to become leaf coral flower and survives with Jatropha curcas heteroplastic graft plant; After grafting, survive, should remove in time colligation, be beneficial to scion growth, wound healing; As a grafting, fail to survive, should mend and connect in time;
(11) pruning, for the street tree of grafting survival, should be removed whole sprout tillers branches at leprosy trunk and top in time, by except sprouting the measures such as bud picking, pruning, impels and becomes leaf coral flower scion ramp, forms plentiful tree crown.
The dungarunga shape plant of the 3-5 that the Jatropha curcas that step (2) transplanting is selected is directive breeding.
The change leaf coral flower that step (7) is selected in safflower, pink blossom kind branch one or both as scion.
Through long term test, sum up, inventor has set up the present invention and has become the breeding method that leaf coral is spent street tree, it is raw material that this method be take the not kindred plant that is all Jatropha, wherein, stock is Jatropha curcas, scion is for becoming leaf coral flower, adopt stem grafting method, by meticulous selection grafting time, through Jatropha curcas cultivate, stock is prepared, become the scion of leaf coral flower prepares, do not retain the steps such as the heteroplastic graft operation of stock branch, final-period management, cultivate to using leprosy trunk and become leaf coral flower as the arbor shape of trunk and tree crown one-component, to become leaf coral flower street tree respectively.Apply graft survival rate of the present invention and can reach 90%, can significantly improve the ornamental value that becomes leaf coral flower, for widening the range of application of change leaf coral flower in afforestation, provide a kind of new approach.
Embodiment
Apply above method, inventor has carried out the actual cultivation work that becomes leaf coral flower street tree, specific as follows.
Embodiment 1
Spring in 2006, sowing Jatropha curcas, field planting field after seed sprouting, constantly wipes out side shoot since seedling stage, keeps single trunk grow always, only retains its top branch and blade.On March 7th, 2009, in field, excavate the Jatropha curcas of 5 strain raw directive breeding in 3 years, trunk height 120cm, trunk diameter 4cm, be transplanted to U.S.A and plant in bag.Transplanting medium is peat soil: yellow soil: sand=2, river: 1: 1.Prune Jatropha curcas, only on trunk top, evenly retain 3 branches, branch retains length 50cm.Started heteroplastic graft on May 10.Cut off 3 reserved branches, reservation length is 30cm, and 3 branches are all for grafting.The change leaf coral flower plant of selecting pink blossom kind, clip semi-lignified branch, as fringe bar, carries out scion grafting on request.Investigation on May 30 graft survival rate, change leaf coral is spent in 15 scion has 13 to start growth, and heteroplastic graft survival rate is 86.7%.Through the normal management of 4 years and pruning, the about 180cm of street tree plant height, is preced with the about 80cm of width at present, the about 140cm of clear bole height, street tree trunk is the Jatropha curcas of nearly meat, celadon, and in tree crown, branch, blade, flower and the fruit of rarely seen change leaf coral flower, have very high ornamental value.
Embodiment 2
On April 10th, 2010, in field, excavate the Jatropha curcas of 5 strain raw directive breeding in 4 years, trunk height 140cm, trunk diameter 5cm, be transplanted to U.S.A and plant in bag.Transplanting medium is peat soil: yellow soil: sand=2, river: 1: 1, add a small amount of Chicken dung as base manure.Prune Jatropha curcas, only on trunk top, evenly retain 4 branches, branch retains length 40cm.Started heteroplastic graft on May 20.Cut off 4 reserved branches, reservation length is 20cm, and 4 branches are all for grafting.The change leaf coral flower plant of selecting safflower variety, the annual lignification branch of clip, as fringe bar, carries out scion grafting on request.Investigation on June 5 graft survival rate, change leaf coral is spent in 20 scion has 18 to start growth, and heteroplastic graft survival rate is 90%.Through the normal management of 3 years and pruning, the about 200cm of street tree plant height, is preced with width 100cm at present, clear bole height 170cm, street tree trunk is the Jatropha curcas of nearly meat, celadon, and in tree crown, branch, blade, flower and the fruit of rarely seen change leaf coral flower, have very high ornamental value.
Embodiment 3
On March 30th, 2011, in field, excavate the Jatropha curcas of 10 strain raw directive breeding in 5 years, trunk height 160cm, trunk diameter 6cm, be transplanted in control root container.Transplanting medium is peat soil: yellow soil: sand=2, river: 1: 1, add a small amount of Chicken dung and phosphate fertilizer as base manure.Prune Jatropha curcas, only on trunk top, evenly retain 4 branches, branch retains length 30cm.Started heteroplastic graft on June 11.Cut off 4 reserved branches, reservation length is 10cm, and 4 branches are all for grafting.Select to become leaf coral pollen flower variety and safflower variety, the annual lignification branch of clip, as fringe bar, carries out scion grafting on request simultaneously.Investigation on June 21 graft survival rate, change leaf coral is spent in 40 scion has 35 to start growth, and heteroplastic graft survival rate is 87.5%.Through the normal management of 2 years and pruning, the about 200cm of street tree plant height, is preced with width 90cm at present, clear bole height 170cm, street tree trunk is the Jatropha curcas of nearly meat, celadon, and in tree crown, branch, blade, dichromatism flower and the fruit of rarely seen change leaf coral flower, have very high ornamental value.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding method that becomes leaf coral flower street tree, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) Jatropha curcas is cultivated, and Jatropha curcas after planting, is constantly wiped out side shoot since seedling stage, keeps single trunk grow, retains its top branch and blade, cultivates 3-5 standby;
(2) transplant, the 3-4 month in spring, excavate single trunk, trunk height 120-160cm, trunk diameter 4-6cm and only at trunk apical growth, have the Jatropha curcas of branch and blade, prune root system, plant in bag or control root container are planted by U.S.A of suitable size, water sufficient normal root water, transplanting medium, by the preparation in 2: 1: 1 in mass ratio of peat soil, yellow soil, river sand, applies appropriate farmyard manure or controlled release chemical fertilizer as base manure;
(3) trimming and finishing, after transplanting, prunes the tree crown of Jatropha curcas immediately, and pinching is pinched, at reserved 3-4 the branch of Jatropha curcas top correct position, make it be uniformly distributed in trunk top, branch retains length 30-50cm, cuts off unnecessary branch, keep single trunk molding, the moisturizing of shading, maintenance is 2 months meticulously;
(4) grafting time, carries out grafting the first tenday period of a month in May to mid-June then transplanting;
(5) stock is prepared, and during grafting, cuts off the whole reserved branch on Jatropha curcas top, and making each branch retain length is 10-30cm, and all reserved branch is all for grafting;
(6) stock branch is processed, and scabbles branch section, in Huo Pianyi side, section center, and downward rip cutting 2-3cm;
(7) fringe bar is prepared, and selects to spend semi-lignified branch or annual lignification branch as fringe bar without the change leaf coral of damage by disease and insect, robust growth, and scion length is 5-8cm, band 4-6 sheet leaf, and diameter is equal to or less than stock cross section diameter;
(8) scion cutting, cuts off and becomes leaf coral flower scion lower blade, and 1-2 sheet leaf is stayed on scion top, and at 2-3cm place, scion bottom, a cutter is respectively cut on two sides, otch wedgewise, and length chamfer length differs about 1cm;
(9) bonding operation, after Jatropha curcas stock branch and change leaf coral flower scion milk flow to end, scion is inserted to stock otch, scion forms layer with stock and aligns or align with the formation layer of stock one side, use the plastic strip of wide about 1.5cm that otch, tangent plane are wound around to wrapping, tie up plastic film bag moisturizing outward, and wrap up lucifuge with newspaper or brown paper.
2. change leaf coral according to claim 1 is spent the breeding method of street tree, characterized by further comprising following steps:
(10) management after grafting, after grafting, should carry out trickle, fertilising and extermination of disease and insect pest work; After grafting survival, should remove in time colligation;
(11) pruning, by except sprouting bud picking, pruning measure, impels and becomes leaf coral flower scion ramp, forms plentiful tree crown.
3. the breeding method of change leaf coral according to claim 1 flower street tree, is characterized in that step (2) transplants the dungarunga shape plant of the 3-5 that the Jatropha curcas selected is directive breeding.
4. the breeding method of change leaf coral according to claim 1 flower street tree, it is characterized in that change leaf coral flower that step (7) selects in safflower, pink blossom kind branch one or both as scion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210586755.5A CN103039241B (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | Method for cultivating street trees of spicy Jatropha |
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| CN201210586755.5A CN103039241B (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | Method for cultivating street trees of spicy Jatropha |
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| CN103039241A CN103039241A (en) | 2013-04-17 |
| CN103039241B true CN103039241B (en) | 2014-02-12 |
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| CN103202182B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-09-10 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | High-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis |
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| CN101283660A (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2008-10-15 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | High order grafting improved method of Jatropha curcas scion grafting |
| CN102550397B (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-12-18 | 普罗米绿色能源(深圳)有限公司 | Method for cultivating dwarf stock for grafting jatropha |
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