CN110105375B - 以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给‑受‑给‑受‑给型齐聚噻吩衍生物,化学结构式如式Ⅰ所示:;合成步骤为:由2,6‑二(三甲基锡)‑N‑异辛基二噻吩并[3,2‑b:2',3'‑d]吡咯与4,7‑二溴‑[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4‑c]吡啶反应合成中间体(2,6‑二{4‑(7‑溴‑[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4‑c]吡啶)}‑N‑异辛基二噻吩并[3,2‑b:2',3'‑d]吡咯);再与2‑(三甲基锡)‑5‑(4‑正己基苯基)噻吩反应得到目标齐聚噻吩衍生物;具有窄的带隙和较低的HOMO能级、良好的溶解性和成膜性,有望作为有机半导体材料,应用于有机薄膜场效应三极管,有机发光二极管和有机太阳能电池器件的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于噻吩衍生物及有机半导体材料技术领域,尤其涉及以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法。
背景技术
在众多的有机半导体材料中,齐聚噻吩及其衍生物具有合成简单、易于纯化、迁移率高、能级可调控和稳定性好等优点,已成为目前有机半导体器件制备中最为重要的一类给体材料。而具有较好半导体性能的齐聚噻吩及其衍生物通常溶解性和成膜性不好,较难制成器件,以至于其较难应用于实际。因此,如何在保证半导体性能的前提下,提高聚噻吩及其衍生物的溶解性和成膜性成为相关科研人员目前主要的研究方向。
在齐聚噻吩及其衍生物的分子设计中,构筑给-受型键联结构是提升其半导体性能的常用方法。在齐聚噻吩及其衍生物的分子骨架中引入给电子单元和受电子单元,能有效增强其π-π堆积效应,推动电荷转移,拓宽其吸收光谱,降低HOMO能级和材料带隙。二噻吩并吡咯是一种具有刚性平面共轭结构的给电子基团。将二噻吩并吡咯引入到分子骨架中能提高分子的共平面性,优化齐聚物的平面共轭性,使分子间形成有序的堆积,从而能提高载流子的运输效率。吡啶并噻二唑是一种用来当作给体单元的理想材料。以吡啶并噻二唑为给体单元能增强齐聚物的π-π堆积效应,促进电荷在分子内的移动,可降低有机分子的能隙,获得较高的电子亲和力和较好的化学稳定性,降低材料的带隙。此外,目前研究常把烷基侧链引入到分子骨架的合适点位,以改善增强材料的溶解性,降低其制成器件的工艺难度。
发明内容
为开发出性能优异且可溶液加工的有机半导体新材料,本发明的目的在于提供一种以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法。
本发明设计和制备的一种以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的化学结构式如下图所示:
所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法,其特征在于,制备包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在保护气氛下,将2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯,4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶,钯催化剂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入三颈圆底烧瓶中,加热搅拌反应一定时间后得到中间体(2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯),其分子结构如下。
步骤2,在保护气氛下,将中间体,2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩,钯催化剂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入三颈圆底烧瓶中,加热搅拌反应一定时间后得到所述的一种以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物。
所述步骤1中的中间体由2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯与4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶通过Stille交叉偶联反应得到。
所述的2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯与4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶的摩尔比为1:1~5。
所述中间体与2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩的摩尔比为1:1~5。
所述保护气氛为为氩气、氮气、氦气中的任意一种。
所述Stille交叉偶联反应催化剂为二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯,四(三苯基磷)钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的任意一种。
所述Stille交叉偶联反应催化剂摩尔量为中间体摩尔量的0.2%~2%。
所述Stille交叉偶联反应的反应时间为10~60h,加热温度为80~130℃。
所述Stille交叉偶联反应制备齐聚噻吩衍生物的产率为15%~40%。
所述齐聚噻吩衍生物的纯化步骤依次为萃取,梯度柱层析和沉淀法。
所述齐聚噻吩衍生物纯化萃取过程所用萃取剂为二氯甲烷,梯度柱层析所用洗脱剂为正己烷和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,沉淀法所用溶剂和沉淀剂分别为三氯甲烷和甲醇。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明首次合成一种以二噻吩并吡咯为中心给电子单元,以吡啶并噻二唑为受电子单元的齐聚噻吩衍生物,是一种分子量确定,化学结构明确且易于纯化的新材料。
2)本发明合成的以吡咯并二噻吩为中心给电子单元,以吡啶并噻二唑为受电子单元的新型齐聚噻吩衍生物,其具有给-受-给-受-给的分子结构和大π共轭体系,并含有多个烷基增溶基团。
3)本发明合成的齐聚噻吩衍生物的分子间具有明显的π-π堆积作用,具有较窄的带隙和较低的HOMO能级,和优异的溶解性和成膜性好,是一个潜在的有机半导体材料,有望应用于有机薄膜场效应三极管,有机发光二极管和有机太阳能电池器件的制备。
本发明制备的以二噻吩并吡咯为给电子单元、以吡啶并噻二唑为受电子单元、具有长链给-受-给-受-给大π共轭的结构、并键联有多个烷基增溶基团的齐聚噻吩衍生物是一个潜在的有机半导体新材料,并有望在有机薄膜场效应三极管、有机发光二极管和有机太阳能电池等半导体器件中获得应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的紫外-可见吸收(UV-vis)光谱图。
图2为本发明以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的氧化电位图。
图3为本发明以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的还原电位图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细阐述。
齐聚物的具体合成流程如式Ⅲ所示:
实施例1
2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯的合成:
在氮气保护下,将2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯(5.56g,9mmol),4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶(2.65g,9mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0.15g,0.13mmol)加入500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入150ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于80℃搅拌反应60h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入去离子水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液(体积比1:1),得到紫红色固体0.43g,产率为15.1%。
齐聚物的合成:
在氮气保护下,将中间体(1.44g,2.0mmol),2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩(0.79g,2.0mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0.005g,0.004mmol)加入250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入100ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于80℃搅拌反应60h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入100ml去离子水,用70ml二氯甲烷三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行梯度纯化两次,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液,将纯化过后的产物溶于少量三氯甲烷,然后加入适量甲醇,析出大量固体沉淀,将离心分离出的沉淀进行真空干燥,最后得到蓝紫色固体0.15g,产率为15.5%。
实施例2
2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯的合成:
在氩气保护下,将2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯(2.16g,3.5mmol),4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶(2.58g,8.75mmol)和二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯(0.12g,0.17mmol)加入500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入150ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于100℃搅拌反应35h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入去离子水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液(体积比1:1),得到紫红色固体1.0g,产率为39.8%。
齐聚物的合成:
在氩气保护下,将中间体(0.51g,0.7mmol),2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩(0.70g,1.75mmol)和二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯(0.009g,0.014mmol)加入250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入100ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于100℃搅拌反应35h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入100ml去离子水,用70ml二氯甲烷三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行梯度纯化两次,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液,将纯化过后的产物溶于少量三氯甲烷,然后加入适量甲醇,析出大量固体沉淀,将离心分离出的沉淀进行真空干燥,最后得到蓝紫色固体0.29g,产率为38.3%。
实施例3
2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯的合成:
在氦气保护下,将2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯(3.01g,4.9mmol),4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶(7.21g,24.50mmol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.12g,0.13mmol)加入500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入150ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于130℃搅拌反应10h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入去离子水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液(体积比1:1),得到紫红色固体1.04g,产率为30.1%。
齐聚物的合成:
在氦气保护下,将中间体(0.73g,1.0mmol),2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩(2.0g,5.0mmol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.008g,0.009mmol)加入250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,注入100ml干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,于120℃搅拌反应24h;反应结束将反应物冷却至室温,加入100ml去离子水,用70ml二氯甲烷三次,合并有机相;有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤和减压蒸馏浓缩,得到少量深红色固体;采用硅胶柱层析法对产物进行梯度纯化两次,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷与正己烷的混合液,将纯化过后的产物溶于少量三氯甲烷,然后加入适量甲醇,析出大量固体沉淀,将离心分离出的沉淀进行真空干燥,最后得到蓝紫色固体0.31g,产率为28.3%。
齐聚物的结构表征数据:
1H NMR(CDCl3,400Hz,δ/ppm):8.66(d,J=24Hz,H),8.44(s,H),7.92(d,J=16Hz,H),7.53(d,J=8Hz,H),7.48(d,J=4Hz,2H),7.21(d,J=12Hz,H),7.12(d,J=8Hz,2H),6.81(d,J=4Hz,H),3.96(t,J=4Hz,H),2.54(s,4H),1.57~0.79(m,38H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,100Hz,δ/ppm):147.99,146.76,144.21,143.07,140.23,135.34,133.01,131.39,129.04,128.89,125.85,125.73,125.69,124.39,123.59,123.53,115.22,111.00,51.18,40.48,35.72,31.75,31.34,29.71,29.02,24.19.23.00,22.64,14.12.
齐聚物表现出以下性能:1)图1为齐聚物的紫外-可见吸收光谱图,齐聚物在薄膜状态下的吸收峰明显发生了9nm的红移。此外,齐聚物的紫外吸收波边为830nm,可知该齐聚物具有较窄的光学带隙Eg opt(eV)=1.49eV。2)图2、图3分别为齐聚物的氧化电位曲线和还原电位曲线,可知齐聚物的氧化电位为0.69eV,还原电位为-0.91eV,从而可得出其HOMO能级为-5.4eV,LOMO能级为-3.8eV。
以上所述为本发明较佳实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,根据本发明的教导,在不脱离本发明的原理与精神的情况下,对实施方式所进行的改变、修改、替换和变型仍落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,在保护气氛下,将2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯,4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶,钯催化剂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入三颈圆底烧瓶中,加热搅拌反应,反应完毕后通过纯化得到中间体2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯,分子结构式如Ⅱ所示:
步骤2,在保护气氛下,将中间体2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯、2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩、钯催化剂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入三颈圆底烧瓶中,加热搅拌反应,反应完毕后,通过纯化得到式Ⅰ所示的化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中的中间体由2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯与4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶通过Stille交叉偶联反应得到。
4.根据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中2,6-二(三甲基锡)-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯与4,7-二溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶的摩尔比为1:1~5。
5.根据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,由中间体与2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩通过Stille交叉偶联反应得到。
6.根据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中中间体2,6-二{4-(7-溴-[1,2,5]噻二唑并[3,4-c]吡啶)}-N-异辛基二噻吩并[3,2-b:2',3'-d]吡咯与2-(三甲基锡)-5-(4-正己基苯基)噻吩的摩尔比为1:1~5。
7.据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,保护气氛为氩气、氮气、氦气中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求3或5所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Stille交叉偶联反应,采用催化剂为二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯,四(三苯基磷)钯和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯中的任意一种;所述Stille交叉偶联反应的催化剂用量为中间体物质量的0.2%~2%;所述Stille交叉偶联反应的反应时间为10~60h,加热温度为80~130℃;所述Stille交叉偶联反应制备齐聚噻吩衍生物的产率为15%~40%。
9.根据权利要求2所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2所述的纯化,步骤依次为萃取,梯度柱层析和沉淀法。
10.根据权利要求9所述的以二噻吩并吡咯为分子中心的给-受-给-受-给型齐聚噻吩衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的萃取,萃取过程中所用萃取剂为二氯甲烷,梯度柱层析所用洗脱剂为正己烷和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂,沉淀法所用溶剂和沉淀剂分别为三氯甲烷和甲醇。
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