CN110072620B - NOx吸附剂催化剂 - Google Patents
NOx吸附剂催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110072620B CN110072620B CN201780077462.5A CN201780077462A CN110072620B CN 110072620 B CN110072620 B CN 110072620B CN 201780077462 A CN201780077462 A CN 201780077462A CN 110072620 B CN110072620 B CN 110072620B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- lean
- layer
- oxide
- platinum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 65
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001274197 Scatophagus argus Species 0.000 description 3
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052675 erionite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N almasilate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052677 heulandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052674 natrolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052678 stilbite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9427—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrous oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7415—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2042—Barium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2063—Lanthanum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2065—Cerium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2068—Neodymium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
- B01D2255/407—Zr-Ce mixed oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
- B01D2255/9022—Two layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/912—HC-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
公开了贫NOx捕集催化剂和其在用于内燃发动机的排放处理系统中的用途。贫NOx捕集催化剂包含第一层和第二层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及贫NOx捕集催化剂、处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法,和包含贫NOx捕集催化剂的用于内燃发动机的排放系统。
背景技术
内燃发动机产生了含有多种污染物的废气,包括氮氧化物(“NOx”),一氧化碳和未燃烧的烃,它们是政府立法的主题。越来越严格的国家和地区立法降低了可以从这样的柴油或汽油发动机排放的污染物的量。排放物控制系统被广泛用于降低排放到大气中的这些污染物的量,并且典型地一旦它们达到了它们的运行温度(典型地,200℃以上),就实现了非常高的效率。然而,这些系统在低于它们的运行温度(“冷启动”期)时是相对低效的。
用于清洁废气的一种废气处理组分是NOx吸附剂催化剂(或“NOx捕集器”)。NOx吸附剂催化剂是在稀废气条件下吸附NOx,在富条件下释放吸附的NOx,并且还原释放的NOx以形成N2的装置。NOx吸附剂催化剂典型地包括用于储存NOx的NOx吸附剂和氧化/还原催化剂,
NOx吸附剂组分典型地为碱土金属、碱金属、稀土金属,或其组合。这些金属典型地以氧化物形式被发现。氧化/还原催化剂典型地为一种或更多种贵金属,优选铂、钯和/或铑。典型地,包括铂以执行氧化功能并且包括铑以执行还原功能。典型地将氧化/还原催化剂和NOx吸附剂负载在载体材料如无机氧化物上以用于废气系统中。
NOx吸附剂催化剂执行三种功能。首先,一氧化氮与氧气在氧化催化剂存在下反应产生NO2。其次,NO2被无机硝酸盐形式的NOx吸附剂吸附(例如,在NOx吸附剂上将BaO或BaCO3转化成Ba(NO3)2)。最后,当发动机在富条件下运转时,储存的无机硝酸盐分解,以形成NO或NO2,然后通过与一氧化碳、氢气和/或烃(或经由NHx或NCO中间体)在还原催化剂存在下反应将其还原,以形成N2。典型地,在废气系统中的热、一氧化碳和烃的存在下将氮氧化物转化成氮气、二氧化碳和水。
PCT国际申请WO2004/076829公开了一种废气净化系统,其包括布置在SCR催化剂上游的NOx储存催化剂。NOx储存催化剂包括用至少一种铂族金属(Pt、Pd、Rh或Ir)涂布或活化的至少一种碱金属、碱土金属或稀土金属。特别优选的NOx储存催化剂根据教导包括用铂涂布的氧化铈和另外的铂作为在基于氧化铝的载体上的氧化性催化剂。EP1027919公开了NOx吸附剂材料,其包含多孔载体材料,如氧化铝、沸石、氧化锆、二氧化钛和/或氧化镧以及至少0.1重量%的贵金属(Pt、Pd和/或Rh)。示例了负载在氧化铝上的铂。
此外,美国专利号5,656,244和5,800,793描述了将NOx储存/释放催化剂与三元催化剂组合的系统。NOx吸附剂根据教导包含除了其它金属以外的铬、铜、镍、锰、钼或钴的氧化物,其负载在氧化铝、莫来石、堇青石或碳化硅上。
PCT国际申请WO2009/158453描述了一种贫NOx捕集催化剂,其包括至少一个含有NOx捕集组分如碱土元素的层,和含有二氧化铈且基本上不含碱土元素的另一个层。该构造旨在改进LNT的低温,例如低于约250℃的性能。
US2015/0336085描述了一种氮氧化物储存催化剂,其由在载体主体上的至少两种催化活性涂层组成。下涂层含有氧化铈和铂和/或钯。设置在下涂层上方的上涂层含有碱土金属化合物、混合氧化物和铂和钯。据说氮氧化物储存催化剂特别适用于来自稀燃发动机、例如柴油发动机的废气中的NOx在200到500℃之间的温度转化。
对于任何汽车系统和过程,希望在废气处理系统中获得更进一步的改进。我们已发现新的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其具有改进的NOx储存和转化特性以及改进的CO和/或HC转化。
发明内容
在本发明的第一方面,提供了贫NOx捕集催化剂,包含:
i)第一层,所述第一层包含一种或更多种贵金属、第一无机氧化物,和任选的促进剂;和
ii)第二层,所述第二层包含一种或更多种铂族金属、第一氧储存容量(OSC)材料,和第二无机氧化物;
其中第一层基本上不含氧储存容量(OSC)材料。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了用于处理燃烧废气的流的排放处理系统,其包含上文定义的贫NOx捕集催化剂和内燃发动机。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法,其包括使废气与上文定义的贫NOx捕集催化剂或排放处理系统接触。
附图说明
为了可以更全面地理解本发明,以下实施例仅以说明的方式提供并参考附图,其中:
图1为涉及由失活状态和活化状态的对比催化剂1和催化剂2的累积NOx污染物排放的MVEG-B评价;
图2为涉及由失活状态和活化状态的对比催化剂1和催化剂2的累积CO污染物排放的MVEG-B评价;
图3为涉及由失活状态和活化状态的对比催化剂1和催化剂2的累积HC污染物排放的MVEG-B评价;和
图4为由失活状态和活化状态的对比催化剂1和催化剂2的SCAT起燃评价。
定义
术语“载体涂料/层”是本领域公知的并且是指通常在催化剂生产期间施加至基材的粘着性涂料/层。
本文中使用的首字母缩略词“PGM”是指“铂族金属”。术语“铂族金属”通常是指选自钌、铑、钯、锇、铱和铂的金属,优选选自钌、铑、钯、铱和铂的金属。通常,术语“PGM”优选是指选自铑、铂和钯的金属。
本文中使用的术语“贵金属”通常是指选自钌、铑、钯、银、锇、铱、铂和金的金属。通常,术语“贵金属”优选是指选自铑、铂、钯和金的金属。
本文中使用的术语“混合氧化物”通常是指在单个相中的氧化物的混合物,如本领域常规已知那样。本文中使用的术语“复合氧化物”通常是指具有多于一个相的氧化物的组合物,如本领域常规已知那样。
术语“促进剂”意指有效于促进或增强化学反应,例如催化化学反应的物质。这样的化学反应的实例包括但不限于,CO和烃的氧化,NO至NO2的氧化,和NOx至N2或NH3的还原。
本文中关于材料使用的表述“基本上不含”意指所述材料可以少量存在,如≤5重量%,优选≤2重量%,更优选≤1重量%。表述“基本上不含”涵盖表述“不包含”。
本文中使用的术语“负载量”是指基于金属重量以g/ft3为单位的测量。
具体实施方式
在一个方面中,本发明包括贫NOx捕集催化剂,其包含:
i)第一层,所述第一层包含一种或更多种贵金属、第一无机氧化物,和任选的促进剂;和
ii)第二层,所述第二层包含一种或更多种铂族金属、第一氧储存容量(OSC)材料,和第二无机氧化物;
其中第一层基本上不含氧储存容量(OSC)材料。
“基本上不含”意指OSC材料可以少量存在,例如≤5重量%,优选≤2重量%,更优选≤1重量%。
一种或更多种贵金属优选选自钯,铂,铑,银,金,和它们的混合物。特别优选地,一种或更多种贵金属为铂和钯的混合物或合金,优选其中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为1:1至10:1,尤其是优选以w/w计约2:1。
一种或更多种贵金属通常与第一无机氧化物接触。优选一种或更多种贵金属负载在第一无机氧化物上。
第一无机氧化物优选为第2、3、4、5、13和14族元素的氧化物。第一无机氧化物优选选自氧化铝,氧化镁,二氧化硅,二氧化钛,氧化铌,钽氧化物,钼氧化物,钨氧化物,和它们的混合氧化物或复合氧化物。特别优选地,第一无机氧化物为氧化铝,二氧化硅-氧化铝,二氧化铈,或氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物。一种尤其优选的第一无机氧化物为氧化铝或二氧化硅-氧化铝,特别优选二氧化硅-氧化铝。
优选的第一无机氧化物优选具有在10至1500m2/g范围内的表面积,在0.1至4mL/g范围内的孔体积,和在约10至1000埃范围内的孔直径。具有大于80m2/g的表面积的高表面积无机氧化物是特别优选的,例如高表面积氧化铝。其它优选的第一无机氧化物包括氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物,任选另外包含含有铈的组分,例如二氧化铈。在这样的情况下,二氧化铈可以存在于氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物的表面上,例如作为涂层。
促进剂可包含锰,铋,或第一碱金属或碱土金属。优选促进剂包含第一碱金属或碱土金属。特别优选地,当促进剂包含第一碱金属或碱土金属时,促进剂不包含锰或铋。
当存在时,促进剂优选以0.1至10重量%,和更优选0.5至5重量%,例如约3至4重量%的量存在,以组合物的重量%表示。
当促进剂为第一碱金属或碱土金属时,第一碱金属或碱土金属优选为钡。优选钡以CeO2-BaCO3复合材料的形式存在。这样的材料可以通过本领域已知的任何方法,例如初湿浸渍或喷雾干燥预成形。
促进剂优选沉积在第一无机氧化物上。
第一层可作为氧化层,例如柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)层,适合于烃至CO2和/或CO的氧化,和/或适合于NO至NO2的氧化。优选地,第一层为贫DOC层。
第一层可另外包含烃吸收材料。
通常,烃吸附材料选自分子筛(例如硅铝酸盐沸石或同种型例如SAPO),二氧化硅,氧化铝,二氧化钛,氧化镁,氧化钙,氧化铌,活性炭,多孔石墨及它们的两种或多种的组合。优选地,烃吸附材料是沸石。合适的沸石的实例包括天然沸石,如方沸石,菱沸石,毛沸石,钠沸石,丝光沸石,片沸石,辉沸石和浊沸石,和合成沸石,如A型沸石,Y型沸石,X型沸石,L型沸石,毛沸石,丝光沸石,β沸石和ZSM-5。优选地,烃吸收材料是沸石,特别优选β沸石。
烃吸收材料,例如沸石,更优选β沸石,可以以10至30重量%,特别优选15至20重量%的量存在于第一层中。
一种或更多种铂族金属(PGM)优选选自钯,铂,铑,和它们的混合物。特别优选地,一种或更多种铂族金属为铂和钯的混合物或合金,优选其中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为2:1至12:1,尤其是优选以w/w计约5:1。
贫NOx捕集催化剂优选包含0.1至10重量%PGM,更优选0.5至5重量%PGM,和最优选1至3重量%PGM。
第一OSC材料优选选自氧化铈,氧化锆,二氧化铈-氧化锆混合氧化物,和氧化铝-二氧化铈-氧化锆混合氧化物。优选第一OSC材料包含本体二氧化铈。此外,第一OSC材料可作为NOx储存材料,和/或作为载体材料用于一种或更多种贵金属。
第二层可另外包含第二碱金属或碱土金属,钕,或镧。第二碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧可沉积在第一OSC材料上。替代地,或此外,第二碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧可沉积在第二无机氧化物上。即,在一些实施方案中,第二碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧可沉积在,即存在于第一OSC材料和第二无机氧化物两者上。
第二碱金属或碱土金属优选为钡。当存在时,钡被包含作为NOx储存材料,即第二层可为NOx储存层。优选地,当存在时,钡以0.1至10重量%,和更优选0.5至5重量%钡,例如约4.5重量%钡的量存在,以组合物的重量%表示。
优选钡以CeO2-BaCO3复合材料的形式存在。这样的材料可以通过本领域已知的任何方法,例如初湿浸渍或喷雾干燥预成形。因此,OSC和钡可一起形成NOx储存材料。
第二无机氧化物优选为第2、3、4、5、13和14族元素的氧化物。第二无机氧化物优选选自氧化铝,氧化镁,氧化镧,二氧化硅,二氧化钛,氧化铌,钽氧化物,钼氧化物,钨氧化物,和它们的混合氧化物或复合氧化物。特别优选地,第二无机氧化物为氧化铝,氧化镧/氧化铝复合氧化物,或氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物。一种尤其优选的无机氧化物为氧化镧/氧化铝复合氧化物或氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物,特别优选氧化镧/氧化铝复合氧化物。
第二无机氧化物可为用于一种或更多种铂族金属,和/或用于第二碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧的载体材料。
优选的第二无机氧化物优选具有在10至1500m2/g范围内的表面积,在0.1至4mL/g范围内的孔体积,和在约10至1000埃范围内的孔直径。具有大于80m2/g的表面积的高表面积无机氧化物是特别优选的,例如高表面积氧化铝。其它优选的第二无机氧化物包括氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物,任选另外包含含有铈的组分,例如二氧化铈。在这样的情况下,二氧化铈可以存在于氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物的表面上,例如作为涂层。
本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂可以包含技术人员已知的另外的组分。例如,本发明的组合物可以另外包含至少一种粘结剂和/或至少一种表面活性剂。当存在粘结剂时,优选的是可分散的氧化铝粘结剂。
优选地,本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂可另外包含具有轴向长度L的金属或陶瓷基材。优选地,基材为流通式整料或过滤器整料,但是优选流通式整料基材。
流通式整料基材具有限定介于其间的纵向方向的第一面和第二面。流通式整料基材具有在第一面和第二面之间延伸的多个通道。多个通道在纵向方向上延伸并且提供多个内表面(例如限定每个通道的壁的表面)。多个通道的每一个具有在第一面处的开口和在第二面处的开口。为了避免疑义,流通式整料基材不是壁流式过滤器。
第一面典型地在基材的入口端并且第二面在基材的出口端。
通道可以具有恒定宽度并且多个通道的每一个可以具有均匀的通道宽度。
优选地,在与纵向方向垂直的平面内,整料基材每平方英寸具有100至500个通道,优选200至400个通道。例如,在第一面上,开放的第一通道和封闭的第二通道的密度为每平方英寸200至400个通道。通道可以具有矩形、正方形、圆形、椭圆形、三角形、六边形或其它多边形的横截面。
整料基材起用于保持催化材料的载体的作用。用于形成整料基材的合适的材料包括类似陶瓷的材料,如堇青石、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化锆、莫来石、锂辉石、氧化铝-二氧化硅氧化镁或硅酸锆,或者具有多孔的难熔金属。这样的材料和它们在制造多孔整料基材中的用途是本领域公知的。
应当注意的是,本文中描述的流通式整料基材为单组分(即,单块)。虽然如此,当形成排放物处理系统时,所使用的整料可以通过将多个通道粘合在一起或通过将多个较小的如本文中描述的整料粘合在一起而形成。这样的技术以及排放物处理系统的合适的外壳和构造是本领域公知的。
在其中贫NOx捕集催化剂包含陶瓷基材的实施方案中,陶瓷基材可以由任意合适的耐熔材料制成,例如氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、二氧化铈、氧化锆、氧化镁、沸石、氮化硅、碳化硅、锆硅酸盐、镁硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐和金属铝硅酸盐(如堇青石和锂辉石),或其任意两种或更多种的混合物或混合氧化物。堇青石、铝硅酸镁和碳化硅是特别优选的。
在其中贫NOx捕集催化剂包含金属基材的实施方案中,金属基材可以由任意合适的金属并且特别是耐热金属和金属合金制成,如钛和不锈钢以及除了其它痕量金属以外含有铁、镍、铬和/或铝的铁素体合金。
本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂可以通过任何合适的手段来制备。例如,第一层可以通过以任何顺序混合一种或更多种贵金属、第一无机氧化物和(如果存在的话)任选的促进剂来制备。添加的方式和顺序不被认为是特别关键的。例如,可以将第一层的每种组分同时添加到任何其它一种或多种组分,或者可以以任何顺序按次序添加。可以通过浸渍、吸附、离子交换、初湿、沉淀等,或通过本领域公知的任何其它手段,将第一层的每种组分添加到第一层的任何其它组分。
第二层可以通过以任何顺序混合一种或多种铂族金属、第一OSC材料、第二无机氧化物和(如果存在的话)第二碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧来制备。添加的方式和顺序不被认为是特别关键的。例如,可以将第二层的每种组分同时添加到任何其它一种或多种组分,或者可以以任何顺序按次序添加。可以通过浸渍、吸附、离子交换、初湿、沉淀等,或通过本领域公知的任何其它手段,将第二层的每种组分添加到第二层的任何其它组分。
优选地,如上文描述的贫NOx捕集催化剂通过使用载体涂布程序将贫NOx捕集催化剂组合物沉积在基材上而制备。在下文说明使用载体涂布程序制备贫NOx捕集催化剂的代表性方法。将要理解的是,以下方法可以根据本发明的不同实施方案变化。
优选通过首先将如上文描述的贫NOx捕集催化剂的组分的细分的颗粒在适当的溶剂,优选水中制浆以形成浆料而进行载体涂布。浆料优选含有介于5至70重量%之间的固体,更优选介于10至50重量%之间。优选地,将颗粒研磨并且使其经历另一粉碎过程,从而保证基本上全部固体颗粒在形成浆料之前具有在平均直径方面小于20微米的粒度。还可以将另外的组分,如稳定剂、粘结剂、表面活性剂或促进剂引入浆料中作为水溶性或水可分散的化合物或络合物的混合物。
然后可以将基材用浆料涂布一次或更多次,使得将会在基材上沉积期望的负载量的贫NOx捕集催化剂。
优选地,将第一层直接负载/沉积在金属或陶瓷基材上。“直接……上”意指在第一层和金属或陶瓷基材之间不存在中间层或下层。
优选地,将第二层沉积在第一层上。特别优选将第二层直接沉积在第一层上。“直接……上”意指在第二层和第一层之间不存在中间层或下层。
因此,在本发明的优选的贫NOx捕集催化剂中,将第一层直接沉积在金属或陶瓷基材上,和将第二层沉积在第一层上。这样的贫NOx捕集催化剂可被认为是两层贫NOx捕集器。
优选地,将第一层和/或第二层沉积在基材的轴向长度L的至少50%上,更优选在基材的轴向长度L的至少70%上,和特别优选在基材的轴向长度L的至少80%上。
在本发明的特别优选的贫NOx捕集催化剂中,将第一层沉积在基材的轴向长度L的至少30%,优选至少50%上,和将第二层沉积在基材的轴向长度L的至少80%,优选至少95%上。因此,在本发明的一些特别优选的贫NOx捕集催化剂中,将第一层沉积在基材的轴向长度L的至少50%上,和将第二层沉积在基材的轴向长度L的至少95%上。
优选地,贫NOx捕集催化剂包括基材和在基材上的至少一个层。优选地,所述至少一个层包括如上文描述的第一层。这可以通过上文描述的载体涂布程序产生。可以将一个或更多个另外的层加至NOx吸附剂催化剂组合物的一个层,例如如上文描述的第二层。
替代地,可将第一层和/或第二层挤出以形成流通式或过滤器基材。在这种情况下,贫NOx捕集催化剂为经挤出的包含如上文描述的第一层和/或第二层的贫NOx捕集催化剂。
本发明的另外的方面为用于处理燃烧废气的流的排放处理系统,其包括上文定义的贫NOx捕集催化剂和内燃发动机。在优选的系统中,内燃发动机为柴油发动机,优选轻型柴油发动机。可以将贫NOx捕集催化剂置于紧密耦合的位置或在地板下的位置。
排放处理系统典型地另外包括排放物控制装置。
排放物控制装置优选在贫NOx捕集催化剂的下游。
排放物控制装置的实例包括柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、贫NOx捕集器(LNT)、贫NOx催化剂(LNC)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂、氨泄漏催化剂(ASC)、冷启动催化剂(dCSCTM)及其两种或更多种的组合。这样的排放物控制装置全部是本领域公知的。
一些前述排放物控制装置具有过滤性基材。具有过滤性基材的排放物控制装置可以选自柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)和选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
优选的是,排放处理系统包括选自以下的排放物控制装置:贫NOx捕集器(LNT)、氨泄漏催化剂(ASC)、柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂,及其两种或更多种的组合。更优选地,排放物控制装置选自柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂,及其两种或更多种的组合。甚至更优选地,排放物控制装置为选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂或选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
当本发明的排放处理系统包括SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂时,则排放处理系统可以另外包括用于将含氮还原剂,如氨,或氨前体,如尿素或甲酸铵,优选尿素注入在贫NOx捕集催化剂下游并且在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂上游的废气的喷射器。
可以将这样的喷射器流体连接至含氮还原剂前体的源(例如罐)。可以通过适当编程的发动机管理机构和由监测废气组成的传感器提供的闭环或开环反馈调节前体到废气中的阀控制的计量添加。
还可以通过加热氨基甲酸铵(固体)产生氨和可以将产生的氨注入废气中。
替代地或除了喷射器以外,可以原位产生氨(例如在设置在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂上游的LNT,例如本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂的富再生期间)。因此,排放处理系统可以另外包括用于使废气富集烃的发动机管理机构。
SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂可以包含选自Cu、Hf、La、Au、In、V、镧系元素和第VIII族过渡金属(例如Fe)的至少一种的金属,其中将金属负载在难熔氧化物或分子筛上。金属优选选自Ce、Fe、Cu及其任意两种或更多种的组合,更优选金属为Fe或Cu。
用于SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂的难熔氧化物可以选自Al2O3、TiO2、CeO2、SiO2、ZrO2以及含有其两种或更多种的混合氧化物。非沸石催化剂也可以包括氧化钨(例如V2O5/WO3/TiO2、WOx/CeZrO2、WOx/ZrO2或Fe/WOx/ZrO2)。
当SCR催化剂、SCRFTM催化剂或其载体涂层包含至少一种分子筛,如铝硅酸盐沸石或SAPO时是特别优选的。至少一种分子筛可以为小孔、中孔或大孔分子筛。“小孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为8的分子筛,如CHA;“中孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为10的分子筛,如ZSM-5;和“大孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为12的分子筛,如β。小孔分子筛潜在地对于用于SCR催化剂中是有利的。
在本发明的排放处理系统中,用于SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂的优选的分子筛为合成铝硅酸盐沸石分子筛,其选自AEI,ZSM-5,ZSM-20,ERI,包括ZSM-34,丝光沸石,镁碱沸石,BEA,包括β,Y,CHA,LEV,包括Nu-3,MCM-22和EU-1,优选AEI或CHA,并且具有约10至约50,如约15至约40的二氧化硅比氧化铝比例。
在第一排放处理系统实施方案中,排放处理系统包括本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂和催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)。贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)。因此例如,将贫NOx捕集催化剂的出口连接至催化烟灰过滤器的入口。
第二排放处理系统实施方案涉及包括本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂、催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)和选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂的排放处理系统。
贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)。催化烟灰过滤器典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)与选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之间。因此,催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。
在第三排放处理系统实施方案中,排放处理系统包括本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂以及催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)或柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)。
在第三排放处理系统实施方案中,本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在氧化催化剂与选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之间。因此,催化的整料基材可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之后是(例如下游是)催化烟灰过滤器(CSF)或柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)。
第四排放处理系统实施方案包括本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂和选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在贫NOx捕集催化剂与选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂之间。因此,贫NOx捕集催化剂可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
当排放处理系统包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂或选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂时,如在上文描述的第二至第四废气系统实施方案中,可以将ASC设置在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂下游(即,作为单独的整料基材),或更优选地,可以将在包括SCR催化剂的整料基材的后端或下游上的区域用作ASC的载体。
本发明的另一方面涉及车辆。车辆包括内燃发动机,优选柴油发动机。将内燃发动机,优选柴油发动机联接至本发明的排放处理系统。
优选的是,柴油发动机构造为或适于以燃料,优选柴油燃料运转,所述燃料包含≤50ppm的硫,更优选≤15ppm的硫,如≤10ppm的硫,并且甚至更优选≤5ppm的硫。
车辆可以为轻型柴油车辆(LDV),如美国或欧洲法规所限定。轻型柴油车辆典型地具有<2840kg的重量,更优选<2610kg的重量。在美国,轻型柴油车辆(LDV)是指具有≤8,500磅(美磅)的总重量的柴油车辆。在欧洲,术语“轻型柴油车辆(LDV)”是指(i)除了司机的座位以外包括不多于八座并且具有不超过5吨的最大质量的乘用车辆,和(ii)具有不超过12吨的最大质量的用于载货的车辆。
替代地,车辆可以为重型柴油车辆(HDV),如具有>8,500磅(美磅)总重量的柴油车辆,如美国法规所限定。
本发明的另外的方面为处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法,包括使废气与如上文描述的贫NOx捕集催化剂或上文描述的排放处理系统接触。在优选的方法中,废气为富气体混合物。在另外的优选的方法中,废气在富气体混合物与贫气体混合物之间循环。
在一些优选的处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法中,废气处于约150至300℃的温度。
在另外的优选的处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法中,除了上文描述的贫NOx捕集催化剂以外,使废气与一个或更多个另外的排放物控制装置接触。一个或多个排放物控制装置优选在贫NOx捕集催化剂的下游。
另外的排放物控制装置的实例包括柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、贫NOx捕集器(LNT)、贫NOx催化剂(LNC)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)、催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂、氨泄漏催化剂(ASC)、冷启动催化剂(dCSCTM)及其两种或更多种的组合。这样的排放物控制装置全部是本领域中公知的。
一些前述排放物控制装置具有过滤性基材。具有过滤性基材的排放物控制装置可以选自柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)和选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
优选的是,所述方法包括使废气与选自以下的排放物控制装置接触:贫NOx捕集器(LNT)、氨泄漏催化剂(ASC)、柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂,及其两种或更多种的组合。更优选地,排放物控制装置选自柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂、催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)、选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂,及其两种或更多种的组合。甚至更优选地,排放物控制装置为选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂或选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
当本发明的方法包括使废气与SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂接触时,则所述方法可以另外包括将含氮还原剂,如氨,或氨前体,如尿素或甲酸铵,优选尿素注入在贫NOx捕集催化剂下游和在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂上游的废气中。
这样的注入可以通过喷射器进行。可以将喷射器流体连接至含氮还原剂前体的源(例如罐)。可以通过适当编程的发动机管理机构和由监测废气组成的传感器提供的闭环或开环反馈调节前体到废气中的阀控制的计量添加。
还可以通过加热氨基甲酸铵(固体)产生氨和可以将产生的氨注入废气中。
替代地或除了喷射器以外,可以原位产生氨(例如在设置在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂上游的LNT的富再生期间)。因此,所述方法可以另外包括使废气富集烃。
SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂可以包含选自Cu、Hf、La、Au、In、V、镧系元素和第VIII族过渡金属(例如Fe)的至少一种的金属,其中将金属负载在难熔氧化物或分子筛上。金属优选选自Ce、Fe、Cu及其任意两种或更多种的组合,更优选金属为Fe或Cu。
用于SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂的难熔氧化物可以选自Al2O3、TiO2、CeO2、SiO2、ZrO2以及含有其两种或更多种的混合氧化物。非沸石催化剂也可以包括氧化钨(例如V2O5/WO3/TiO2、WOx/CeZrO2、WOx/ZrO2或Fe/WOx/ZrO2)。
当SCR催化剂、SCRFTM催化剂或其载体涂层包含至少一种分子筛,如铝硅酸盐沸石或SAPO时是特别优选的。至少一种分子筛可以为小孔、中孔或大孔分子筛。“小孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为8的分子筛,如CHA;“中孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为10的分子筛,如ZSM-5;和“大孔分子筛”在本文中意指最大环尺寸为12的分子筛,如β。小孔分子筛潜在地对于用于SCR催化剂中是有利的。
在本发明的处理废气的方法中,用于SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂的优选的分子筛为合成铝硅酸盐沸石分子筛,其选自AEI,ZSM-5,ZSM-20,ERI,包括ZSM-34,丝光沸石,镁碱沸石,BEA,包括β,Y,CHA,LEV,包括Nu-3,MCM-22和EU-1,优选AEI或CHA,并且具有约10至约50,如约15至约40的二氧化硅比氧化铝比例。
在第一实施方案中,所述方法包括使废气与本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂和催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)接触。贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)。因此,例如,将贫NOx捕集催化剂的出口连接至催化碳烟过滤器的入口。
处理废气的方法的第二实施方案涉及包括使废气与本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂、催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)和选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂接触的方法。
贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)。催化碳烟过滤器典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)与选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之间。因此,催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。
在处理废气的方法的第三实施方案中,所述方法包括使废气与本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂以及催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)或柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)接触。
在处理废气的方法的第三实施方案中,本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在氧化催化剂与选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之间。因此,贫NOx捕集催化剂可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂之后是(例如下游是)催化碳烟过滤器(CSF)或柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)。
处理废气的方法的第四实施方案包括本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂和选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。本发明的贫NOx捕集催化剂典型地之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
可以将含氮还原剂喷射器布置在贫NOx捕集催化剂与选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂之间。因此,贫NOx捕集催化剂可以之后是(例如下游是)含氮还原剂喷射器,和含氮还原剂喷射器可以之后是(例如下游是)选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂。
当排放处理系统包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂或选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRFTM)催化剂时,如在上文描述的第二至第四方法实施方案中,可以将ASC设置在SCR催化剂或SCRFTM催化剂的下游(即,作为单独的整料基材),或更优选地,可以将在包括SCR催化剂的整料基材的后端或下游上的区域用作ASC的载体。
实施例
现在将通过以下非限制性实施例阐明本发明。
材料
除非另外指明,否则所有材料是商业上可得的并且从已知的供应商获得。
催化剂1(对比)
第一层:
通过将乙酸钡喷雾干燥在高表面积二氧化铈上,然后在650℃煅烧1小时来形成CeO2-BaCO3复合材料。
将1.71g/in3的[Al2O3.Ce(12.5%)](可商购获得)用蒸馏水制成浆料,然后研磨至13-15μm的d90。然后向浆料中添加95g/ft3的丙二酸Pt和19g/ft3的硝酸Pd溶液,并且搅拌直至均匀。使Pt/Pd吸附在[Al2O3.Ce(12.5%)]载体上1小时。
然而向其添加3.33g/in3的CeO2-BaCO3复合材料。将所得浆料制成载体涂料和用天然增稠剂(natrosol)来稠化。
然后使用标准涂布程序将载体涂料涂布至陶瓷或金属整料上,在100℃干燥并且在500℃煅烧45分钟。
Ba以约4.3重量%(4.6mol%)存在。
第二层:
通过将0.5g/in3[Ce.Zr]制成浆料和向其添加5g/ft3硝酸铑之后用氨调节混合物的pH至pH~7来制备第二载体涂料。将所得浆料制成载体涂料和用天然增稠剂(natrosol)来稠化。
使用标准涂布程序将第二载体涂料涂布在先前经煅烧的载体涂层的顶部上,在100℃干燥并且在500℃煅烧45分钟。
催化剂2
第一层:
将1.2g/in3[Al2O3.Si(5%)](可商购获得)用蒸馏水制成浆料,然后研磨至13-15μm的d90。向该浆料中添加200g/ft3柠檬酸,然后添加100g/ft3乙酸钡,并将混合物搅拌直至均匀。添加43g/ft3硝酸铂和22g/ft3硝酸钯,并且搅拌直至均匀。使Pt/Pd吸附在[Al2O3.Si(5%)]载体上1小时。然后向其添加0.3g/in3β-沸石(可商购获得)并且搅拌直至均匀。将所得浆料制成载体涂料和用天然增稠剂(natrosol)来稠化。
然后使用标准涂布程序将该载体涂料涂布在陶瓷或金属整料上以实现50%涂层厚度的目标,在100℃干燥并且在500℃煅烧45分钟。
第二层:
通过将乙酸钡喷雾干燥在高表面积二氧化铈上,然后在650℃煅烧1小时来形成CeO2-BaCO3复合材料
第二载体涂料是通过用蒸馏水将1.24g/in3[Al2O3.La(3%)]制成浆料来制备,然后研磨至13-15μm的d90。然后向浆料中添加72.9g/ft3的丙二酸Pt和14.6g/ft3的硝酸Pd溶液,并且搅拌直至均匀。使Pt/Pd吸附在[Al2O3.La(3%)]载体上1小时。
然后向其添加3.0g/in3的CeO2-BaCO3复合材料。将所得浆料制成载体涂料和用天然增稠剂(natrosol)来稠化。
使用标准涂布程序将该载体涂料涂布在先前经煅烧的载体涂层的顶部上且90%的目标涂层厚度,在100℃干燥并且在500℃煅烧45分钟。
实验结果
在由10%H2O、20%O2和余量N2组成的气体料流中,将催化剂1和催化剂2在800℃水热老化5h。使用1.6升台式柴油发动机在模拟的MVEG-B排放循环中对它们进行性能测试。在催化剂之前和之后测量排放物。
实施例1
累积NOx污染物排放示于图1中。发动机输出(在催化剂之前)的NOx排放与在催化剂之后的NOx排放之间的差异表明在催化剂上除去的NOx的量。从图1中可以看出,相比于不含贫DOC区的对比催化剂1,包含贫DOC下层区的催化剂2具有更大的在失活状态下吸附NOx的能力。
实施例2
累积CO污染物排放示于图2中。发动机输出(在催化剂之前)的CO排放与在催化剂之后的CO排放之间的差异表明在催化剂上除去的CO的量。从图2中可以看出,相比于不含贫DOC区的对比催化剂1,包含贫DOC下层区的催化剂2具有更大的在失活状态和活化状态下转化CO的能力。
实施例3
累积HC污染物排放示于图3中。发动机输出(在催化剂之前)的HC排放与在催化剂之后的HC排放之间的差异表明在催化剂上除去的HC的量。从图3中可以看出,相比于不含贫DOC区的对比催化剂1,包含贫DOC下层区的催化剂2具有更高的在失活状态和活化状态下转化HC的能力。
实施例4
在由10%H2O、20%O2和余量N2组成的气体料流中,将催化剂1和催化剂2在800℃水热老化5h。两种催化剂均在SCAT起燃测试上进行测试,测试条件如表1所示。从图4中可以看出,相比于不含贫DOC区的对比催化剂1,包含贫DOC下层区的催化剂2具有在失活状态下CO转化的更低的起燃温度。
表1:SCAT起燃测试气体混合物和条件
温度斜坡 | 20℃/min |
温度开始-结束 | 80-600℃ |
CO2 | 4% |
O2 | 14% |
CO | 1500ppm |
NO | 100ppm |
癸烷(C3) | 67ppm |
甲苯 | 27ppm |
甲烷(C3) | 10ppm |
丙烯(C3) | 40ppm |
HC总计(C1) | 432ppm |
H2O | 4% |
SV | 55k h-1 |
Claims (25)
1.贫NOx捕集催化剂,包含:
i)第一层,所述第一层包含
铂和钯的混合物或合金,
选自氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝或氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物的第一无机氧化物,
促进剂,其中所述促进剂包含锰、铋或钡,和
烃吸收材料,其中所述烃吸收材料为分子筛;和
ii)第二层,所述第二层包含一种或更多种铂族金属,选自氧化铈、氧化锆、二氧化铈-氧化锆混合氧化物和氧化铝-二氧化铈-氧化锆混合氧化物的氧储存容量材料,和第二无机氧化物;
其中所述第一层包含≤5重量%的氧储存容量材料,和
其中所述第二层沉积在所述第一层上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中在铂和钯的混合物或合金中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为1:1至10:1。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中在铂和钯的混合物或合金中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为2:1。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第一无机氧化物为二氧化硅-氧化铝。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述分子筛为沸石。
6.根据权利要求5所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述沸石为β沸石。
7.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述一种或更多种铂族金属选自钯,铂,铑,和它们的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述一种或更多种铂族金属为铂和钯的混合物或合金。
9.根据权利要求8所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为2:1至12:1。
10.根据权利要求8所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中铂比钯的比例以w/w计为5:1。
11.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第二层另外包含碱金属或碱土金属,钕,或镧。
12.根据权利要求11所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述碱金属或碱土金属、钕或镧以0.1至10重量%的量存在于所述第二层中。
13.根据权利要求11所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述碱金属或碱土金属为钡。
14.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第二无机氧化物选自氧化铝,氧化镁,氧化镧,二氧化硅,二氧化钛,氧化铌,钽氧化物,钼氧化物,钨氧化物,和它们的混合氧化物或复合氧化物。
15.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第二无机氧化物为氧化铝,氧化镧/氧化铝复合氧化物,或氧化镁/氧化铝复合氧化物。
16.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第二无机氧化物为氧化镧/氧化铝复合氧化物。
17.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其另外包含具有轴向长度L的金属或陶瓷基材。
18.根据权利要求17所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述基材为流通式整料或过滤器整料。
19.根据权利要求17所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中所述第一层直接沉积在所述金属或陶瓷基材上。
20.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂,其中将所述第一层和/或所述第二层挤出以形成流通式或过滤器基材。
21.用于处理燃烧废气的流的排放处理系统,其包括根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂和内燃发动机。
22.根据权利要求21所述的排放处理系统,其中所述内燃发动机为柴油发动机。
23.根据权利要求21或权利要求22所述的排放处理系统,其另外包括选择性催化还原催化剂体系,颗粒物过滤器,选择性催化还原过滤器体系,被动NOx吸附剂,三元催化剂体系或它们的组合。
24.处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法,所述方法包括使所述废气与根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的贫NOx捕集催化剂或根据权利要求21-23任一项所述的排放处理系统接触。
25.根据权利要求24所述的处理来自内燃发动机的废气的方法,其中所述废气处于150至300℃的温度。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1621343.1 | 2016-12-15 | ||
GB1621343.1A GB2557673A (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2016-12-15 | NOx adsorber catalyst |
PCT/GB2017/053756 WO2018109485A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | NOx ADSORBER CATALYST |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110072620A CN110072620A (zh) | 2019-07-30 |
CN110072620B true CN110072620B (zh) | 2023-08-29 |
Family
ID=58284467
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780077462.5A Active CN110072620B (zh) | 2016-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | NOx吸附剂催化剂 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180169624A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3554697B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7107937B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102444497B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110072620B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112019012024A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102017129976A1 (zh) |
GB (2) | GB2557673A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2759725C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018109485A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2557673A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-27 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx adsorber catalyst |
US10953366B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2021-03-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon storage catalyst and methods of using the same |
US10399037B1 (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-09-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Nitrogen oxides storage catalyst and methods of using the same |
BR112020026548A2 (pt) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-03-23 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Composição catalisadora, artigo catalisador para o tratamento de gás de escape, sistema de tratamento de emissão para tratar um fluxo de um gás de escape de combustão, e, método de tratamento de um gás de escape de um motor de combustão interna |
CN110252133A (zh) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-20 | 厦门爱迪特环保科技有限公司 | 一种有机废气净化剂的制备方法 |
BR112021025402A2 (pt) * | 2019-06-27 | 2022-02-01 | Basf Corp | Artigo catalítico em camadas, processo para a preparação de um artigo catalítico em camadas, sistema de exaustão para motores de combustão interna, métodos para tratar uma corrente de exaustão gasosa e para reduzir níveis de hidrocarbonetos e uso do artigo catalítico |
CN112439407B (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-05-10 | 有研稀土新材料股份有限公司 | 核壳结构稀土锰/铈锆复合化合物及制备方法和催化剂 |
US11541373B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2023-01-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Mixed oxide catalyst for oxygen storage applications and a method for making the catalyst |
WO2021126685A1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | Basf Corporation | A catalyst article for capturing particulate matter |
JP6921261B1 (ja) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-08-18 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
US11788450B2 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-10-17 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | TWC catalysts for gasoline engine exhaust gas treatments |
US20230143941A1 (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalysts for gasoline exhaust gas treatments with improved ammonia emission control |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5795840A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-08-18 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Burned gas purifying catalyst |
KR20010037199A (ko) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-05-07 | 이계안 | 디젤엔진용 촉매 |
CN101116825A (zh) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-06 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | NOx净化催化剂 |
CN101594925A (zh) * | 2006-10-20 | 2009-12-02 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 可热再生的一氧化氮吸附剂 |
CN102089066A (zh) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-06-08 | 巴斯夫公司 | 具有优良低温性能的NOx吸附催化剂 |
CN102413904A (zh) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-04-11 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | 具有改进的水热耐久性的高Pd 含量柴油氧化催化剂 |
CN103052444A (zh) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-04-17 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有改进的烃转化活性的NOx存储催化剂 |
CN103874541A (zh) * | 2011-10-06 | 2014-06-18 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 用于内燃机废气处理的氧化催化剂 |
CN104902997A (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-09-09 | 优美科股份公司及两合公司 | 用于还原氮氧化物的催化剂 |
CN105188930A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-23 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于柴油应用的分区的催化剂 |
CN105209171A (zh) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-12-30 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 用于压燃发动机的氧化催化剂 |
CN105813744A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-07-27 | 巴斯夫公司 | 含锰的柴油氧化催化剂 |
CN105833717A (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2016-08-10 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 小孔分子筛负载铜催化剂 |
CN106457215A (zh) * | 2014-03-21 | 2017-02-22 | 巴斯夫公司 | 一体化lnt‑twc 催化剂 |
CN107847912A (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-03-27 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 氮氧化物(NOx)储存催化剂 |
CN110573235A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-12-13 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 被动NOx吸附剂 |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2192176A1 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1995-12-28 | Shau-Lin Chen | Layered catalyst composite |
US5656244A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1997-08-12 | Energy And Environmental Research Corporation | System for reducing NOx from mobile source engine exhaust |
US6348430B1 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 2002-02-19 | Degussa Ag | Exhaust gas treatment catalyst for internal combustion engines with two catalytically active layers on a carrier structure |
US6182443B1 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2001-02-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for converting exhaust gases from a diesel engine using nitrogen oxide absorbent |
US20040001781A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-01 | Engelhard Corporation | Multi-zone catalytic converter |
US7332135B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2008-02-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Catalyst system for the reduction of NOx and NH3 emissions |
DE10308287B4 (de) | 2003-02-26 | 2006-11-30 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung |
US7490464B2 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2009-02-17 | Basf Catalysts Llc | Emissions treatment system with NSR and SCR catalysts |
US20050164879A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-07-28 | Engelhard Corporation | Layered SOx tolerant NOx trap catalysts and methods of making and using the same |
US8067330B2 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2011-11-29 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Catalytic material and catalyst for purifying exhaust gas component |
WO2010012677A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Basf Se | NOx STORAGE MATERIALS AND TRAPS RESISTANT TO THERMAL AGING |
US10773209B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2020-09-15 | Basf Corporation | Aging-resistant catalyst article for internal combustion engines |
GB0922195D0 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2010-02-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improvements in NOx traps |
EP3372301A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2018-09-12 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Exhaust system for a vehicular positive ignition internal combustion engine |
US8734743B2 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2014-05-27 | Basf Se | NOx storage catalyst with improved hydrocarbon conversion activity |
US8950174B2 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2015-02-10 | Basf Se | Catalysts for gasoline lean burn engines with improved NH3-formation activity |
GB2484911B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-04-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx absorber catalyst comprising caesium silicate and at least one platinum group metal |
JP6236389B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-23 | 2017-11-22 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | パラジウム支持体材料としてセリア組成物を含む層状構造を有する高hcガス変換率及び高coガス変換率のディーゼル酸化触媒 |
EP2802408B1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2017-10-04 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Improved nox trap |
JP5806131B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2015-11-10 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | NOx吸蔵脱硝触媒 |
KR101438953B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-09-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 저온에서의 NOx 흡장성능이 개선된 LNT촉매 |
US9266092B2 (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2016-02-23 | Basf Corporation | Automotive catalyst composites having a two-metal layer |
EP2769760A1 (de) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-27 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Katalysator zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden |
DE102014205760A1 (de) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Katalysator sowie Katalysator |
WO2016205506A1 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-22 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Single or dual layer ammonia slip catalyst |
JP6999555B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-16 | 2022-02-10 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 希薄ガソリン直接噴射エンジン用触媒システム |
CN109414649B (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2022-04-26 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于氧化催化剂组合的分区配置 |
GB2557673A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-27 | Johnson Matthey Plc | NOx adsorber catalyst |
-
2016
- 2016-12-15 GB GB1621343.1A patent/GB2557673A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-12-14 DE DE102017129976.9A patent/DE102017129976A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-12-15 CN CN201780077462.5A patent/CN110072620B/zh active Active
- 2017-12-15 JP JP2019531943A patent/JP7107937B2/ja active Active
- 2017-12-15 WO PCT/GB2017/053756 patent/WO2018109485A1/en unknown
- 2017-12-15 GB GB1720937.0A patent/GB2559853B/en active Active
- 2017-12-15 RU RU2019121945A patent/RU2759725C2/ru active
- 2017-12-15 US US15/842,921 patent/US20180169624A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-15 EP EP17817839.8A patent/EP3554697B1/en active Active
- 2017-12-15 BR BR112019012024-6A patent/BR112019012024A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-15 KR KR1020197020077A patent/KR102444497B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5795840A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1998-08-18 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Burned gas purifying catalyst |
KR20010037199A (ko) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-05-07 | 이계안 | 디젤엔진용 촉매 |
CN101116825A (zh) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-06 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | NOx净化催化剂 |
CN101594925A (zh) * | 2006-10-20 | 2009-12-02 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 可热再生的一氧化氮吸附剂 |
CN102089066A (zh) * | 2008-06-27 | 2011-06-08 | 巴斯夫公司 | 具有优良低温性能的NOx吸附催化剂 |
CN105833717A (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2016-08-10 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 小孔分子筛负载铜催化剂 |
CN102413904A (zh) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-04-11 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | 具有改进的水热耐久性的高Pd 含量柴油氧化催化剂 |
CN103052444A (zh) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-04-17 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有改进的烃转化活性的NOx存储催化剂 |
CN103874541A (zh) * | 2011-10-06 | 2014-06-18 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 用于内燃机废气处理的氧化催化剂 |
CN104902997A (zh) * | 2013-01-08 | 2015-09-09 | 优美科股份公司及两合公司 | 用于还原氮氧化物的催化剂 |
CN105188930A (zh) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-12-23 | 巴斯夫公司 | 用于柴油应用的分区的催化剂 |
CN105209171A (zh) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-12-30 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 用于压燃发动机的氧化催化剂 |
CN105813744A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-07-27 | 巴斯夫公司 | 含锰的柴油氧化催化剂 |
CN106457215A (zh) * | 2014-03-21 | 2017-02-22 | 巴斯夫公司 | 一体化lnt‑twc 催化剂 |
CN107847912A (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2018-03-27 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 氮氧化物(NOx)储存催化剂 |
CN110573235A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-12-13 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 被动NOx吸附剂 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
李兴虎.1. 前置DOC的催化剂.《柴油车排气后处理技术》.2016,第67页. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2559853A (en) | 2018-08-22 |
GB201621343D0 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
EP3554697A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
US20180169624A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
EP3554697B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
JP2020514014A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
JP7107937B2 (ja) | 2022-07-27 |
DE102017129976A1 (de) | 2018-06-21 |
WO2018109485A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
GB201720937D0 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
RU2759725C2 (ru) | 2021-11-17 |
RU2019121945A (ru) | 2021-01-15 |
GB2559853B (en) | 2021-03-31 |
KR102444497B1 (ko) | 2022-09-20 |
BR112019012024A2 (pt) | 2019-11-12 |
KR20190091541A (ko) | 2019-08-06 |
RU2019121945A3 (zh) | 2021-01-15 |
CN110072620A (zh) | 2019-07-30 |
GB2557673A (en) | 2018-06-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110072620B (zh) | NOx吸附剂催化剂 | |
US10532344B2 (en) | NOx trap | |
US10596550B2 (en) | Three layer NOx adsorber catalyst | |
JP7231555B2 (ja) | NOx吸着触媒 | |
US11358127B2 (en) | NOx adsorber catalyst | |
KR20190132669A (ko) | NOx 흡착제 촉매 | |
CN110545913A (zh) | NOx吸附剂催化剂 | |
KR20190132674A (ko) | NOx 흡착제 촉매 | |
Chandler et al. | NO x trap |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |