CN110054877A - 一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件及其制备方法，可经过热成型处理制成托件包装生鲜果蔬，通过清除乙烯，调控氧气和二氧化碳的浓度，降低生鲜果蔬的呼吸速率达到延长保质期的目的，降低损耗，满足日益增长的消费者与企业的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及果蔬包装技术领域，特别是涉及一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们消费水平的提高，对生鲜果蔬的需求量增长迅速，另一方面，我国基础冷链建设等薄弱，果蔬产后损失率高达20-30%，每年约有8000万吨果蔬腐烂，造成近800亿的损失，其主要原因是果蔬自身会产生乙烯，在包装内环境中聚集，乙烯浓度升高会对果蔬进行催熟，进而导致果蔬保鲜周期缩短。
目前市面上大量采用的生鲜果蔬的包装，主要为PE、PET和PP等不可降解的材料制成，仅仅起到容纳产品的作用，气体包装环境内外气体交流功能差，不具备保鲜功能，且一次性使用后产生大量无法降解的垃圾，资源利用率低。
而一些具有具有较好透气性的分子筛包装膜，一般是采用PLA片材或者PLA复合膜等全降解包装材料制成，生产成本高，机械性能差、低温脆性等难以达到包装生鲜食品的需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明旨在提供一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托垫，可经过热成型处理制成托件包装生鲜果蔬，通过清除乙烯，调控氧气和二氧化碳的浓度，降低生鲜果蔬的呼吸速率达到延长保质期的目的，降低损耗。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件，其成分包括：PLA 80-90份，扩链剂0.1-0.5份，增塑剂4-6份，增韧剂3-6份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛0.1-2.5份和纳米二氧化硅1-5份。
作为本发明的改进，所述扩链剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、ADR 4370S、聚(N-丙酰基乙烯亚胺)、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的任意一种；增塑剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯和葵二酸二丁酯中的一种或两种; 增韧剂为MBS，ACR，EBA，EBA-g-GMA中的任意一种。
一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件的制备方法，包括有如下步骤：一：按质量份计，取PLA 80-90份，扩链剂0.1-0.5份，增塑剂4-6份，增韧剂3-6份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，经转速为400rpm的高速混合机均匀混合30分钟后加入到平行双螺杆挤出机中，在平行双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混并风冷切粒，制备出改性聚乳酸母料；
二：按质量份计，称取步骤一制得的改性聚乳酸母料90-100份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛0.1-2.5份和纳米二氧化硅1-5份经转速为450rpm的高速混合机均匀混合45分钟制成混合料，随后将混合料添加到同向双螺杆挤出机的料斗中捏合挤出，风冷切粒，得到粗细均匀的母粒；
三：将步骤二制得的母粒经塑料挤出流延机挤出流延成共混片材；
四：使用热成型机将步骤三制得的片材制成托件。
作为本发明的改进，在步骤一中，扩链剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、ADR 4370S、聚(N-丙酰基乙烯亚胺)、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的任意一种；增塑剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯和葵二酸二丁酯中的一种或两种; 增韧剂为MBS，ACR，EBA，EBA-g-GMA中的任意一种。
作为本发明的优选，在步骤一和步骤二所述的平行双螺杆挤出机和同向双螺杆挤出机的造粒温度设定为：进料口140℃，中间段170℃，挤出头165℃。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤三中挤出流延机由进料端到模头的四段温度依次分别为：145℃、185℃、185℃、195℃，挤出模头两端温度215℃，中间温度 200℃；从近模头端到远模头端导辊的速度分别为，流延冷却辊转速1.1m/min,牵引辊转速 1.3m/min，卷取辊转速为8.5rpm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：（1）将纳米ZMS-5分子筛作为乙烯清除剂和纳米二氧化钛作为光催化乙烯清除剂填充于基材中，制备出具有乙烯清除性的吹膜料，乙烯清除率高，同时可改变氧气和二氧化碳的透过量，抑制呼吸速率；
（2）巧妙地选用改性聚乳酸作为基材并进行改性，使其与所用纳米ZMS-5分子筛和纳米二氧化钛相容性好，使其易于均匀分散，同时所用的纳米级无机填料具有补强填料的功能，可提高基材的机械力学性能、热力学性能、改善成型加工性能，经挤出流延机，制备出高强度、耐低温和易加工的PLA全降解片材，后续可通过热成型等方式制成各种包装托件。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明中的具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件及其制备方法做进一步说明。
实施例1
具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件由以下份数的原料组成：
取PLA（聚乳酸） 80份，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯0.2份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯4份，EBA-g-GMA 5份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛1份，纳米二氧化硅4份。
步骤一：取PLA ，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，EBA-g-GMA，抗氧剂168 ，抗氧剂1010经转速为400rpm高速混合机均匀混合30分钟后，再通过拌料机混合均匀后加入到平行双螺杆挤出机中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，熔融共混并风冷切粒，制备出改性聚乳酸母料。
步骤二：按质量份计，称取步骤一制得的改性聚乳酸母料95份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛和纳米二氧化硅，经转速为450rpm的高速混合机均匀混合45分钟后将混合料添加到同向双螺杆挤出机的料斗中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，捏合挤出，风冷切粒，得到粗细均匀的母粒。
步骤三：将步骤二制得的母粒经塑料挤出流延机挤出流延成共混片材，设定挤出流延机由进料端到模头的四段温度依次分别为：145℃、185℃、185℃、195℃，挤出模头两端温度215℃，中间温度 200℃；从近模头端到远模头端导辊的速度分别为，流延冷却辊转速1.1m/min,牵引辊转速 1.3m/min，卷取辊转速为8.5rpm，得到总厚度为200微米的片材。
步骤四：使用热成型机将步骤三制得的片材制成托件。
实施例2
具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件由以下份数的原料组成：
取PLA 85份，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯0.3份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯5份，EBA-g-GMA 4份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛2份，纳米二氧化硅3份。
步骤一：取PLA ，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，EBA-g-GMA，抗氧剂168 ，抗氧剂1010经转速为400rpm高速混合机均匀混合30分钟通过拌料机混合均匀后加入到平行双螺杆挤出机中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，熔融共混并风冷切粒，制备出改性聚乳酸母料。
步骤二：按质量份计，称取步骤一制得的改性聚乳酸母料90份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛和纳米二氧化硅，经转速为450rpm的高速混合机均匀混合45分钟后将混合料添加到同向双螺杆挤出机的料斗中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，捏合挤出，风冷切粒，得到粗细均匀的母粒。
步骤三：将步骤二制得的母粒经塑料挤出流延机挤出流延成共混片材，设定挤出流延机由进料端到模头的四段温度依次分别为：145℃、185℃、185℃、195℃，挤出模头两端温度215℃，中间温度 200℃；从近模头端到远模头端导辊的速度分别为，流延冷却辊转速1.1m/min,牵引辊转速 1.3m/min，卷取辊转速为8.5rpm，得到总厚度为200微米的片材。
步骤四：使用热成型机将步骤三制得的片材制成托件。
实施例3
具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件由以下份数的原料组成：
取PLA 90份，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯0.5份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯6份，EBA-g-GMA 5份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛2.5份，纳米二氧化硅2.5份。
步骤一：取PLA ，乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，EBA-g-GMA，抗氧剂168 ，抗氧剂1010经转速为400rpm高速混合机均匀混合30分钟通过拌料机混合均匀后加入到平行双螺杆挤出机中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，熔融共混并风冷切粒，制备出改性聚乳酸母料。
步骤二：按质量份计，称取步骤一制得的改性聚乳酸母料100份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛和纳米二氧化硅，经转速为450rpm的高速混合机均匀混合45分钟后将混合料添加到同向双螺杆挤出机的料斗中，设定双螺杆挤出机造粒温度分别为：进料口140℃，中间段均为170℃，挤出头为165℃，捏合挤出，风冷切粒，得到粗细均匀的母粒。
步骤三：将步骤二制得的母粒经塑料挤出流延机挤出流延成共混片材，设定挤出流延机由进料端到模头的四段温度依次分别为：145℃、185℃、185℃、195℃，挤出模头两端温度215℃，中间温度 200℃；从近模头端到远模头端导辊的速度分别为，流延冷却辊转速1.1m/min,牵引辊转速 1.3m/min，卷取辊转速为8.5rpm，得到总厚度为200微米的片材。
步骤四：使用热成型机将步骤三制得的片材制成托件。
以上所述使本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干变型和改进，这些也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件，其成分包括：PLA 80-90份，扩链剂0.1-0.5份，增塑剂4-6份，增韧剂3-6份，抗氧剂168 0.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛0.1-2.5份和纳米二氧化硅1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件，其特征在于：所述扩链剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、ADR 4370S、聚(N-丙酰基乙烯亚胺)、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的任意一种；增塑剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯和葵二酸二丁酯中的一种或两种; 增韧剂为MBS，ACR，EBA，EBA-g-GMA中的任意一种。
3.一种具有乙烯清除性的生物基全降解气调包装托件的制备方法，包括有如下步骤：一：按质量份计，取PLA 80-90份，扩链剂0.1-0.5份，增塑剂4-6份，增韧剂3-6份，抗氧剂1680.2份，抗氧剂1010 0.1份，经转速为400rpm的高速混合机均匀混合30分钟后加入到平行双螺杆挤出机中，在平行双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混并风冷切粒，制备出改性聚乳酸母料；
二：按质量份计，称取步骤一制得的改性聚乳酸母料90-100份，纳米ZSM-5分子筛0.1-2.5份和纳米二氧化硅1-5份经转速为450rpm的高速混合机均匀混合45分钟制成混合料，随后将混合料添加到同向双螺杆挤出机的料斗中捏合挤出，风冷切粒，得到粗细均匀的母粒；
三：将步骤二制得的母粒经塑料挤出流延机挤出流延成共混片材；
四：使用热成型机将步骤三制得的片材制成托件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤一中，扩链剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、ADR 4370S、聚(N-丙酰基乙烯亚胺)、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的任意一种；增塑剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯和葵二酸二丁酯中的一种或两种; 增韧剂为MBS，ACR，EBA，EBA-g-GMA中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤一和步骤二所述的平行双螺杆挤出机和同向双螺杆挤出机的造粒温度设定为：进料口140℃，中间段170℃，挤出头165℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中挤出流延机由进料端到模头的四段温度依次分别为：145℃、185℃、185℃、195℃，挤出模头两端温度215℃，中间温度200℃；从近模头端到远模头端导辊的速度分别为，流延冷却辊转速 1.1m/min,牵引辊转速1.3m/min，卷取辊转速为8.5rpm。
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