CN110037296A - 一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110037296A CN110037296A CN201910334423.XA CN201910334423A CN110037296A CN 110037296 A CN110037296 A CN 110037296A CN 201910334423 A CN201910334423 A CN 201910334423A CN 110037296 A CN110037296 A CN 110037296A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，产品制备的主要步骤为：将乳清蛋白溶于水作为水相溶液，人参皂苷超声溶于油相，将二者按比例混合高速剪切得到粗乳液。采用高压均质或超声均质技术，使粗乳液组分均匀混合，获得水包油型的乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液。本发明制备的乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液呈乳白色，具有纳米级粒径，其小液滴尺寸具有允许高效递送特性，可提高人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，同时具备较好抗氧化活性、抗菌性、较好的乳化性及稳定性等优点，在食品药品应用中具有很大的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域，涉及一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法。
背景技术
几千年来，人参一直被视为具有极高药用价值的珍贵药材，人们通过食用人参来治疗高血压、糖尿病、肝肾功能紊乱、精神紊乱等疾病。人参包含了一系列的功能活性成分，包括人参皂苷、多糖、植物固醇、肽、多炔类化合物、脂肪酸、聚炔醇等，这些成分都会对碳水化合物以及脂质的代谢、大脑功能、血管的再生、内分泌系统、免疫系统、以及心血管和神经中枢系统产生不同的功效。其中，人参皂苷作为最主要的生理活性成分而被广泛研究。到目前为止，从人参中分离提取和鉴定的人参皂苷已有超过30种。人参皂苷具有抗氧化及降血脂的功效，能够抗衰老、抗疲劳、增强记忆力、抗过敏，降低胆固醇，对急性黏膜损伤有一定的保护作用，还能保护机体免受致死性的凝血病毒的感染，对治疗神经中毒有一定作用，并且可以影响癌细胞的代谢。然而人参皂苷难溶于水，口服生物利用度低，影响了其作用的发挥，使其在食品和医药行业中的应用受到很大的限制。
乳清是干酪和干酪素生产中的副产物。乳清蛋白作为乳清的主要成分，具有营养丰富、易消化吸收、生物学效价高等特点，是人体优质的蛋白质补充剂之一，享有“蛋白之王”的美誉。乳清蛋白来源于牛乳，成本较低、具有生物安全性、生物相容性、生物降解性、水溶解性，其中β-Lg不易被胃蛋白酶消化，使得乳清蛋白成为包埋生物活性物质的理想原料，可以用于掩盖不良风味或者提高生物活性物质的利用率。利用乳清蛋白纳米乳液运载活性物质的优点较多，具有较高的化学、热力学稳定性，能够在高温下保护所运载物质不被破坏，因乳清蛋白的两亲性，使疏水性物质或亲水性物质都可以被纳米乳液所运载，纳米乳液的粒径都在纳米级别，因此它可较为轻易的通过组织细胞膜，提高了运载效率和生物利用率。
对比专利“一种叶黄素纳米乳液的制备方法”采用高压均质法制备酪蛋白酸钠叶黄素纳米乳液，本方法利用乳清蛋白运载人参皂苷，蛋白营养性更好，通过超声均质技术制备人参皂苷纳米乳液，为人参皂苷的摄入提供一种新的形式，具有纳米级粒径，其小液滴尺寸具有允许高效递送特性，可提高人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，同时具备较好抗氧化活性、抗菌性、较好的乳化性及稳定性等优点，具有良好的食品药品应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，此款产品呈乳白色，具有纳米级粒径，其小液滴尺寸具有允许高效递送特性，可提高人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，同时具备较好抗氧化活性、抗菌性、较好的乳化性及稳定性等优点，在食品药品应用中具有很大的优势。
本发明是通过以下技术手段来实现的：
一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将乳清蛋白溶于去离子水中，室温搅拌2h，4℃冷藏过夜，使其充分水和，作为水相。
(2)将人参皂苷溶于食用油，超声处理使其充分溶解，作为油相。
(3)将水相和油相按比例混合，进行高速剪切，得到粗乳液。
(4)将粗乳液进行均质技术处理，得到乳清蛋白基人参皂苷O/W纳米乳液。
步骤(1)中所述的乳清蛋白包括浓缩乳清蛋白或分离乳清蛋白或其任意比例混合物，其水相浓度为0.1％～10％。
步骤(2)中所述的人参皂苷为人参总皂苷或人参单体Re、Rg3、Rh2等人参皂苷中的一种或多种，其油相浓度为0.1-10mg/ml；食用油包括玉米油、大豆油、花生油、棕榈油、椰子油等食用油中的一种或多种。
步骤(3)中所述的油相水相比例为1:20～2:8；高速剪切条件为12000rmp～20000rmp，剪切1～3min。
步骤(4)中所述的均质技术为超声均质技术，条件为频率20kHZ，振幅40％，均质5～20min(10/5s工作/休息循环)。
任一步骤所述方法制备的乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液，所述纳米乳液呈乳白色，形态结构为球形，平均粒径在100nm～500nm范围内，提高了人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，稳定性良好。
有益效果：本发明最终制得的乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液产品呈乳白色，具有纳米级粒径，可提高人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，稳定性良好，具有抗氧化及降血脂的功效，能够抗衰老、抗疲劳、增强记忆力、抗过敏，降低胆固醇，能够很好地应用于食品药品中。
附图说明
图1为实施例粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
1)制备水相。
将分离乳清蛋白溶于去离子水中，使其质量分数为5％，室温搅拌2h，4℃冷藏过夜，使其充分水和，作为水相。
2)制备油相。
将人参皂苷Re溶于玉米油，使其浓度为1mg/ml，超声处理使其充分溶解，作为油相。
3)制备粗乳液。
将油相和水相按2:8的比例混合，12000rmp高速剪切2min，得到粗乳液。
4)制备纳米乳液。
将粗乳液进行超声均质处理，条件为频率20kHZ，振幅40％，均质3min(10/5s工作/休息循环)，得到乳清蛋白基人参皂苷O/W纳米乳液。其粒径为446.2±16.1nm(图1)。
实施例2
1)制备水相。
将浓缩乳清蛋白溶于去离子水中，使其质量分数为3％，室温搅拌2h，4℃冷藏过夜，使其充分水和，作为水相。
2)制备油相。
将人参总皂苷溶于棕榈油，使其浓度为5mg/ml，超声处理使其充分溶解，作为油相。
3)制备粗乳液。
将油相和水相按1:15的比例混合，16000rmp高速剪切3min，得到粗乳液。
4)制备纳米乳液。
将粗乳液进行超声均质处理，条件为频率20kHZ，振幅40％，均质6min(10/5s工作/休息循环)，得到乳清蛋白基人参皂苷O/W纳米乳液。其粒径为297.7±13.2nm(图1)。
实施例3
1)制备水相。
将分离乳清蛋白及浓缩乳清蛋白按1:1比例溶于去离子水中，使其乳清蛋白质量分数为10％，室温搅拌2h，4℃冷藏过夜，使其充分水和，作为水相。
2)制备油相。
将人参皂苷Rg3溶于椰子油，使其浓度为0.5mg/ml，超声处理使其充分溶解，作为油相。
3)制备粗乳液。
将油相和水相按1:9的比例混合，20000rmp高速剪切1min，得到粗乳液。
4)制备纳米乳液。
将粗乳液进行超声均质处理，条件为频率20kHZ，振幅40％，均质5min(10/5s工作/休息循环)，得到乳清蛋白基人参皂苷O/W纳米乳液。其粒径为330.4±20.2nm(图1)。
Claims (6)
1.一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：制备过程包括如下步骤：
(1)将乳清蛋白溶于去离子水中，室温搅拌2h，4℃冷藏过夜，使其充分水和，作为水相；
(2)将人参皂苷溶于食用油，超声处理使其充分溶解，作为油相；
(3)将水相和油相按比例混合，进行高速剪切，得到粗乳液；
(4)将粗乳液进行均质技术处理，得到乳清蛋白基人参皂苷O/W纳米乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：(1)中所述的乳清蛋白包括浓缩乳清蛋白或分离乳清蛋白或其任意比例混合物，其水相浓度为0.1％～10％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：(2)中所述的人参皂苷为人参总皂苷或人参单体Re、Rg3、Rh2等人参皂苷中的一种或多种，其油相浓度为0.1-10mg/ml；食用油包括玉米油、大豆油、花生油、棕榈油、椰子油等食用油中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：(3)中所述的油相水相比例为1:20～2:8；高速剪切条件为12000rmp～20000rmp，剪切1～3min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液的制备方法，其特征在于：(4)中所述的均质技术为超声均质技术，条件为频率20kHZ，振幅40％，均质3～20min(10/5s工作/休息循环)。
6.由权利要求1-5中任一项所述方法制备的乳清蛋白基人参皂苷纳米乳液，所述纳米乳液呈乳白色，形态结构为球形，平均粒径在100nm～500nm范围内，提高了人参皂苷水溶解度及生物利用率，稳定性良好。
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Application publication date: 20190723 |