CN110035935B - 用于操控车辆中的液压的制动系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于操控车辆中的液压的制动系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN110035935B
CN110035935B CN201780077314.3A CN201780077314A CN110035935B CN 110035935 B CN110035935 B CN 110035935B CN 201780077314 A CN201780077314 A CN 201780077314A CN 110035935 B CN110035935 B CN 110035935B
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inlet valve
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CN110035935A (zh
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T.施密特
A.施特雷勒
M.布兰德
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/3655—Continuously controlled electromagnetic valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
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    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
    • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操控液压的制动系统的方法，在该方法中在初级的制动致动机构失灵时激活次级的制动致动机构。

Description

用于操控车辆中的液压的制动系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于操控车辆中的液压的制动系统的方法，其中制动系统配备有制动致动机构，用于在车辆的前轮和后轮上的车轮制动单元处产生液压的制动压力。
背景技术
在DE 10 2009 046 339 A1中说明了车辆中的一种液压的制动系统，该液压的制动系统具有两条用于向车轮制动单元供给液压的制动流体的制动回路。所述制动回路被连接到共同的主制动缸上，在操纵制动踏板时制动流体从所述主制动缸被输送到所述制动回路中。
液压泵处在每条制动回路中，其中所述两个液压泵由共同的泵马达来驱动。液压泵是电子稳定程序的一部分，通过所述电子稳定程序能够对制动系统实施自动的干预。在激活液压泵时将制动流体从所述主制动缸输送到所述制动回路中。
发明内容
按本发明的方法涉及对于车辆中的液压的制动系统的操控，所述液压的制动系统配备有初级的制动致动机构和次级的制动致动机构，其中，不仅初级的而且次级的制动致动机构都能够用于在车辆的前轮和后轮上的车轮制动单元处产生液压的制动压力。必要时，所述方法能够在自动化的行驶中使用、但是也能够在领航行驶中使用。在常规的制动运行中-在初级的制动致动机构作用良好时-能够为了支持制动过程或者为了通过初级的制动致动机构来进行自动的稳定过程而对液压的制动系统实施干预。为此，通过初级的制动致动机构来调制制动压力，其中必要时调节前轮和/或后轮上的一个或多个车轮制动单元中的能调整的阀。比如，能够关闭车辆的后轮上的车轮制动单元上的能调整的入口阀并且打开车辆的前轮上的车辆制动单元上的能调整的入口阀，用于一方面获得高制动作用（Bremswirkung）并且另一方面避免后轮上的车轮制动单元的过度制动并且随之避免不稳定的车辆、特别是后轮的抱死和/或车辆的偏转运动（Gierbewegung）。
在初级的制动致动机构作用良好时，优选仅仅补充地或者根本没有操纵次级的制动致动机构，其中通过所述次级的制动致动机构同样能够影响液压的制动压力。因此，比如能够比如通过主制动缸将次级的制动致动机构用于进行制动力支持，所述主制动缸能够由所述次级的制动致动机构进行电调节。
在初级的制动致动机构失灵时，通过次级的制动致动机构来调制液压的制动压力，其中为了使车辆稳定后轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀如此构成，使得后轮的车轮制动单元处的制动压力不超过极限压力。为了在制动过程期间使车辆稳定的目的而激活次级的制动致动机构。
在通过次级的制动致动机构进行稳定、尤其是纵向稳定时，主动地在考虑到稳定性标准的情况下通过次级的制动致动机构来调制必要的制动压力。只要驾驶员在自动化的行驶时还没有再次承担控制，次级的制动致动机构就能够承担减速和稳定。然而，原则上也可能的是，在驾驶员相互作用期间通过次级的制动致动机构来继续实施纵向稳定。
根据有利的实施方式，车辆的后轮上的入口阀在无电流的状态下关闭，但是它们随着超过所限定的压差的情况而被置于打开位置中。在初级的制动致动机构失灵时没有操控入口阀，而是有利地在后轮上如此进行安排，使得其通过作用于其的弹簧元件的弹簧张力而设定所限定的必要的压差。因此，后轮上的入口阀在无电流的状态中首先处于关闭位置中，从而对于较低的制动-预压力来说仅仅在前轮上产生制动力，并且只有在更高的制动-预压力时才被置于打开位置中，从而也额外地在后轮上产生制动力。车辆的前轮上的入口阀有利地在无电流的状态中打开。
根据另一种有利的实施方式，车辆的后轮上的入口阀在无电流的状态中持久地关闭，因而在初级的制动致动机构失灵时仅仅在前轮上产生制动力。
根据一种有利的实施方式，次级的制动致动机构构造为单通道的结构并且向制动系统中的所有车轮制动单元、也就是不仅前轴上的车轮制动单元而且后轴上的车轮制动单元供给相同的制动压力。这种实施方式具有的优点是，能够使用相对简单地构成的次级的制动致动机构并且尽管如此在初级的制动致动机构失灵时实现车辆稳定。在初级的制动致动机构作用良好时，对于后轴的车轮制动单元上的制动压力的调制通过对于这些车轮制动单元上的入口阀的操纵来实施，而在初级的制动致动机构失灵时则通过次级的制动致动机构和后轴上的、根据压差而关闭或者持久关闭的入口阀在车辆稳定的同时实施制动。
根据另一种适宜的实施方式，初级的制动致动机构是ESP系统（电子稳定程序），该ESP系统构造有至少一个液压泵，通过所述至少一个液压泵能够自动地调制制动系统中的液压的制动压力。
制动系统有利地包括两条制动回路，在所述制动回路中分别布置有两个车轮制动单元。在此不仅考虑通过交叉布置的并且因此在前轴上并且在对角对置的情况下在后轴上分别包括车轮的制动回路而且考虑与轴相关的制动回路，因而每条制动回路分别在车轴上都包括两个车轮制动单元。
在优选的实施方式中，在初级的制动致动机构构造为ESP系统的情况下，所述ESP系统在每条制动回路中分别包括液压泵。必要时，所述两个液压泵能够通过共同的泵马达来驱动。
还是根据另一种有利的实施方式，次级的制动致动机构构造为机电的制动力放大器，所述机电的制动力放大器操纵或者支持制动系统中的主制动缸。机电的制动力放大器比如包括电动马达，该电动马达通过传动机构来操纵主制动缸。在初级的制动致动机构失灵时，能够操控次级的制动致动机构的电动马达。
根据另一种适宜的实施方式，在初级的制动致动机构失灵时，前轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀保持在打开的位置中，用于确保前轮的车轮制动单元处的液压的制动压力完全起作用并且在这些车轮制动单元中产生高制动力。
根据另一种有利的实施方式，在初级的制动致动机构失灵时，前轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀处于比后轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀大的打开位置中。因此，前轮上的入口阀比后轮上的入口阀打开的程度大并且在前轮上能够比在后轮上产生更高的制动力。
还是根据另一种适宜的实施方式，在所分配的控制器中对初级的制动致动机构的故障状态进行测评，所述控制器也产生用于对次级的制动致动机构进行操控的调节信号。在另一种有利的实施方式中，在与初级的制动致动机构的操控无关的情况下操控次级的制动致动机构。
此外，本发明涉及车辆中的一种液压的制动系统，该液压的制动系统构造用于实施前面所描述的方法并且相应地配备有初级的制动致动机构和次级的制动致动机构，所述初级的制动致动机构和次级的制动致动机构用于不仅在前轮的车轮制动单元上而且在后轮的车轮制动单元上产生液压的制动压力。所述制动压力能够通过配属于车轮制动单元的入口阀来调整。
此外，本发明涉及一种控制器，用该控制器来操控所述制动系统的能调整的组件。
附图说明
另外的优点和适宜的实施方式可以从其它权利要求、附图说明和附图中得知，其中：
图1示出了具有两条制动回路并且具有第一及第二制动致动机构的车辆制动系统的液压线路图，
图2示出了具有在ESP系统失灵时用于车辆稳定的方法步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
车辆中的在按照图1的液压线路图中示出的制动系统1具有两条通过交叉布置的制动回路2和3。第一制动回路2和第二制动回路3用于向右后车轮和左前车轮上的车轮制动单元8和9或者右前车轮和左后车轮上的车轮制动单元10和11供给液压的制动流体。所述两条制动回路2、3被连接到共同的主制动缸4上，通过制动液储备容器5向所述主制动缸供给制动流体。主制动缸4由驾驶员通过制动踏板6来操纵，由驾驶员施加的踏板行程通过踏板行程传感器7来测量。机电的制动力放大器16处在制动踏板6与主制动缸4之间，它比如包括电动马达，所述电动马达优选通过传动机构来操纵主制动缸4。
在每条制动回路2、3中布置有转换阀12，该转换阀处于所述主制动缸与所述相应的车轮制动单元8和9或者10和11之间的流动路径中。所述转换阀12在其无电流的原始位置中打开。为每个转换阀12分配并联连接的止回阀，所述止回阀能够朝相应的车轮制动单元的方向贯穿流过。
入口阀13处于所述转换阀12与相应的车轮制动单元8、9或者10、11之间，为所述入口阀分配止回阀，所述止回阀能够朝相反方向、也就是从车轮制动单元朝主制动缸的方向贯穿流过。车辆的前轮上的入口阀13无电流地打开，车辆的后轮上的入口阀13在无电流的状态下关闭，但是它们随着超过所限定的压差的情况而被置于打开位置中（取决于压差无电流地关闭）。
为每个车轮制动单元8、9或者10、11分别分配了出口阀14，所述出口阀无电流地关闭。出口阀14分别与泵单元15的抽吸侧连接，所述泵单元在每条制动回路2、3中具有泵18或19。为所述泵单元分配了共同的电的驱动马达或者泵马达22，所述电的驱动马达或者泵马达通过轴23来操纵所述两个泵18和19。所述泵18或者19的压力侧对每条制动回路来说被连接到所述转换阀12与所述两个入口阀13之间的管路区段上。
所述泵18和19的抽吸侧分别与主换向阀或者高压换向阀24相连接，其以液压的方式被连接到所述主制动缸4上。在行驶动态的调节干预时，能够为了快速的制动压力形成而打开在无电流的状态中关闭的主换向阀24，使得所述泵18和19直接从所述主制动缸4中抽吸液压流体。这种制动压力形成能够在不取决于通过驾驶员对所述制动系统进行操纵的情况下来实施。所述泵单元15连同所述两个单泵18和19、所述电的泵马达22和所述轴23属于驾驶员辅助系统并且形成电子稳定程序（ESP），尤其为了车辆稳定而激活所述电子稳定程序。
对每条制动回路2、3来说，液压存储器25处在所述出口阀14与所述泵18和19的抽吸侧之间，所述液压存储器用于中间存储制动液体，在行驶动态的干预的期间所述制动液体通过所述出口阀14被从所述车轮制动单元8、9或者10、11中排出。为每个液压存储器25分配了止回阀，所述止回阀朝所述泵18、19的抽吸侧的方向打开。
为了测量压力，压力传感器26在每条制动回路2、3中分别在车轮制动单元8、9或10、11的区域中。另一个压力传感器27在所述制动回路2中与所述主制动缸4相邻地布置。
具有泵单元15的ESP系统形成初级的制动致动机构，用于不取决于驾驶员的情况下在两条制动回路2、3中的车轮制动单元上产生液压的制动压力。ESP系统用于车辆稳定，方法是：如此操控制动系统中的不同的阀以及泵18和19，从而防止车辆车轮的抱死。
在ESP系统失灵时、比如在泵单元15的电驱动马达22失灵时，稳定功能能够由机电的制动力放大器16承担，该机电的制动力放大器尤其在自动化的行驶中形成次级的制动致动机构。在限定的前提下，机电的制动力放大器16能够用于自动地调制制动回路中的制动压力，目的是车辆稳定。
在图2中示出了具有在ESP系统失灵时用于车辆稳定的各个方法步骤的流程图。
首先，在第一方法步骤30中检查ESP系统是否失灵。如果不是这种情况，则尤其也能够在车辆的自动化的行驶的期间不受限制地继续使用所述初级的制动致动机构。在这种情况下，跟随否-分支（“N”）又返回到方法步骤30的开始，并且以有规律的间隔重新实施步骤30中的查询。
而如果步骤30中的检查表明存在ESP系统的失灵，则跟随是-分支（“Y”）前进到下一步骤31，在该步骤中激活所述次级的制动致动机构，该次级的制动致动机构是机电的制动力放大器，它在自动化的行驶时用于自动地调制制动压力，目的是在所述初级的制动致动机构失灵的情况下进行车辆稳定。
入口阀由于ESP系统的失灵而处于其无电流的状态中。因此，前轴上的车轮制动单元中的入口阀打开并且后轴上的车轮制动单元中的入口阀关闭。然而，由于构造为取决于压差的无电流地关闭的阀，一旦所施加的制动压力超过所限定的压差，后轴上的入口阀就同样被置于打开位置中。通过这种方式来保证，即使在初级的制动致动机构失灵时车辆也在自动的制动期间稳定地行驶。
在接下来的方法步骤32中，检查后轴上的入口阀处的压差是否超过所限定的压差极限值。如果不是这种情况，则后轴上的入口阀保持关闭，从而在后轴上的车轮制动单元处不产生制动力。当超过压差极限值时，后轴上的入口阀才自动地打开，并且跟随“是”分支前进到下一个方法步骤33，该方法步骤代表着不仅在前轴的车轮制动单元上而且在后轴的车轮制动单元上产生制动力，其中在前轴上的车轮制动单元处产生比在后轴上高的制动力。
后轴上的入口阀在无电流的状态中作为被动的结构单元起作用，其中压差极限值由后轴上的入口阀中的弹簧元件的力确定。因此，仅仅在超过制动压差-极限值时在没有致动这些入口阀的情况下以自动的方式打开后轴上的入口阀。

Claims (7)

1.用于操控车辆中的液压的制动系统的方法，所述液压的制动系统具有初级的制动致动机构和次级的制动致动机构，所述初级的制动致动机构构造为具有液压泵的ESP系统（电子稳定程序），所述次级的制动致动机构构造为机电的制动力放大器（16），所述机电的制动力放大器操纵所述制动系统中的主制动缸（4），用于在所述车辆的前轮和后轮上的车轮制动单元上产生液压的制动压力，其中通过能调整的入口阀能够调整所述车轮制动单元中的制动压力，其中在所述初级的制动致动机构失灵时通过所述次级的制动致动机构产生液压的制动压力，其中，所述车辆的后轮上的入口阀在无电流的状态下关闭，但是随着超过所限定的压差的情况而被置于打开位置中，其中，所述次级的制动致动机构构造为单通道的结构并且向所有车轮制动单元供给相同的制动压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述前轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀构造为无电流地敞开的阀。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述初级的制动致动机构失灵并且通过所述次级的制动致动机构产生制动压力时，所述前轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀保持在打开的位置中。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述初级的制动致动机构失灵并且通过所述次级的制动致动机构产生制动压力时，所述前轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀处于比所述后轮的车轮制动单元上的入口阀大的打开位置中。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所分配的控制器中对所述初级的制动致动机构的故障状态进行测评并且由所述控制器来操控所述次级的制动致动机构。
6.车辆中的液压的制动系统，用于实施根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，所述液压的制动系统具有初级的制动致动机构和次级的制动致动机构，所述初级的制动致动机构和所述次级的制动致动机构用于在所述车辆的前轮和后轮上的车轮制动单元上产生液压的制动压力。
7.控制器，所述控制器用于操控根据权利要求6所述的制动系统的能调整的组件。
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