CN109956966B - 一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法 - Google Patents
一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109956966B CN109956966B CN201711405007.1A CN201711405007A CN109956966B CN 109956966 B CN109956966 B CN 109956966B CN 201711405007 A CN201711405007 A CN 201711405007A CN 109956966 B CN109956966 B CN 109956966B
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- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloroformate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- MKLCJOBPMNTHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium propan-2-yl(2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentan-3-yl)azanide Chemical compound CC(C(C(C)(C)C)[N-]C(C)C)(C)C.[Li+] MKLCJOBPMNTHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属化学合成技术领域,涉及一种合成式1的常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,具体涉及一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体1((2S,3R)‑3‑叔丁基二甲基硅氧基‑2‑(2‑氧丙基)哌啶‑1‑羧酸苄酯)的方法。常山碱及其类似物具有显著的生理活性,不仅能够很好地抑制红外期疟疾,还能够环保、安全、有效地对抗鸡球虫病。本发明的制备常山碱关键手性中间体的方法其技术路线,操作简单,路线简洁,收率较高,所用的试剂均为常用试剂,成本低,而且,可适合大规模制备,所得目标产物经简单转化即可得到常山碱,可用于多个具有重要生理活性天然产物的多样性合成研究。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成领域,涉及一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,具体涉及一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体1((2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯)的方法。
背景技术
据文献记载,疟疾是一种起源于非洲的原生动物疾病,凭借着强大的耐药性和超长的潜伏期,被冠以“人类有史以来最具有毁灭性的疾病”。2007年,第60届世界卫生组织大会决定,自2008年起,将每年的4月25日设为国际疟疾日,以期望各成员国、有关国际组织和民间团体通力协作为人类抗疟事业奉献自己的力量。人类与疟疾的抗争史几乎与人类文明史等长,在漫长的抗争中,涌现出一批又一批充满奉献精神的科学家。
自19世纪四十年代起,植物化学家傅丰永和药物化学家张昌绍、赵承嘏先生通过大量研究工作从中国传统药用植物常山(Dichroa febrifuga)的根部分离得到两个能显著增加巨嗜细胞NO产量从而抗疟的喹唑酮类生物碱——常山碱(Febrifugine)和异常山碱(Isofebrifugine)。针对疟疾潜伏期的常山碱和异常山碱相较于针对红内期的奎宁、氯奎及青蒿素等药物,具有高活性(抗疟活性是奎宁的100倍以上)、少反复等独特优点,但由于临床出现的剧烈呕吐毒副作用,使其研究滞留。
鸡球虫病是一种无季节性、高发病率和死亡率的全球性肠道寄生性原虫病。据报道,每年全世界因鸡球虫病所致的经济损失高达30亿美元,仅中国一年,直接用于防治鸡球虫病的药物费用就高达数亿元。目前,临床上主要通过化学药物如地克珠利、妥曲珠利进行防治,但随着鸡球虫耐药性的日趋严重和免疫预防的尚未普遍应用,一种更加安全、高效、环保的抗球虫新药研发迫在眉睫。按照中国传统中医理论,鸡球虫病为外感湿热蕴集大肠所致热毒迫血妄行,从而粪便带血,湿困脾土,因而鸡群下痢。中医治疗鸡球虫病的原则是以清热燥湿、凉血止痢为上,以复方居多,且君药中十之八九均为常山。经临床研究表明常山碱是常山中有效抗鸡球虫成分,它是一种新型的ATP依赖性抑制剂,它通过同时占据2个不同的底物(tRNA合成酶)结合位点来增强对底物的定向捕获能力。
凭借高效的抗球虫活性,常山碱分子再度引起了全球药物合成化学家们的广泛关注,新的合成路线时有见报。日前对于常山碱的合成,化学家们关注的重点在于:如何高效构筑哌啶环上。最常使用的方法是用邻氨基苯甲酸与甲酰胺缩合法得到常山碱4-(3H)喹唑啉酮片段,然后以3-羟基吡啶为原料,经过胺基保护、烯丙基化、还原、保护基替换、Claisen重排得到N-Cbz-2-烯丙基-3-哌啶酮,再经过还原、溴化得到常山碱(N-Cbz-2-溴甲基-3,2-b)哌啶并呋喃中间体,再经过一系列复杂的转化和对接才最终能够获得常山碱分子。尽管如今,合成常山碱的起始原料不断趋于简便易得、合成路线不断得到进一步优化,但是其产率远不能满足工业需要,因此,开发对哌啶类生物碱及其类似物的不对称合成用以直接、高效、简便地合成常山碱分子具有重要意义。
与本发明相关的现有技术有:
[1]Lal K,Bromley E,Oakes R,et al.Proteomic comparison offour Eimeriatenela life-cycle stages:unsporulated oocyst,sporulated oocyst,sporozoite andsecond-
generation merozoite.Proteomics,2009,9(19):4566-4576.
[2]李燕,刘明川,金林红,等.常山化学成分及生物活性研究进展[J].广州化工,2011,39(9):7-9.
[3]李藴玉,李佩国,张艳英,等.鸡球虫耐药性检测研究进展[J].中国兽医学报,2011,31(3):449-452.
[4]Zhou,H.,Sun,L.,Yang,X.L.,&Schimmel,P.(2013).ATP-directed captureof bioactive herbal-basedmedicine on human tRNA synthetase.Nature,494(7435),121-124.
[5]R.-C.Liu et al.Tetrahedron Lett.2009,50,4046–4049。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,具体社会一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体1((2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯)的方法。该路线的特点是:反应条件简单,选择性高,可以进行大量制备,为常山碱类似物的不对称合成奠定了基础。
本发明的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,按如下技术路线,在下文的陈述实施例中,中间体通式是根据结构式中的编号,用阿拉伯数字表示,其中OTBS是指叔丁基二甲基硅氧基,Cbz是指苄氧羰基,常山碱的合成根据文献方法制备,具体见文献(R.-C.Liu etal.Tetrahedron Lett.2009,50,4046–4049)。
上述合成路线包括以下合成步骤:
步骤1:向化合物2的甲苯溶液中加入乙二醇、一种酸以及型分子筛,80-120℃回流反应2-15小时后,再经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液处理,萃取分液、干燥浓缩、柱层析纯化得到化合物3;所述的一种酸是指对羟基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对硝基苯酚、丙二酸、柠檬酸,特别是指对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸;
步骤2:将上述化合物3溶于四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,于-78℃至25℃下加入一种有机碱,再加入碳酸二叔丁酯后连续搅拌1-24h,经饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭、萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化后得到化合物4;所述的一种有机碱指三乙胺,二异丙胺,正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、六甲基二异丙基氨基锂、叔丁醇钾,特别是正丁基锂、三乙胺;
步骤3:将上述化合物4溶于四氢呋喃中,在-78℃至50℃之间用还原剂还原1-30小时,淬灭后经柱层析纯化得到化合物5;所述的还原剂指三乙氧基氢化锂铝、Red-Al、三乙基硅烷、硼氢化钠、硼氢化锂、硼氢化钾、硼烷三乙基硅烷、二苯基硅烷、二乙氧甲基硅烷、三乙氧甲基硅烷、三乙基硼氢化锂、三乙基硼氢化钠、三仲丁基硼氢化锂,特别是指硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、二苯基硅烷、三乙基硅烷。
步骤4:将上述化合物5溶于甲醇中,加入一种酸室温搅拌1-2小时,旋蒸除去甲醇,加入饱和碳酸氢钠的水溶液,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,不经纯化直接将其溶于四氢呋喃或者二氯甲烷中,于-78℃至25℃下加入一种碱,反应10-30分钟后再向其中加入氯甲酸苄酯,继续反应1-24小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物1;所述的一种酸是指盐酸/二氧六环、盐酸、硫酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸、三氟乙酸、醋酸,特别是指盐酸/二氧六环、氢溴酸、醋酸;这里所说的一种碱是指三乙胺,二异丙胺,正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、六甲基二异丙基氨基锂、叔丁醇钾,特别是正丁基锂、三乙胺。
本发明的制备常山碱关键手性中间体1((2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯)的技术路线,操作简单,路线简洁,收率较高,所用的试剂均为常用试剂,而且,可适合大规模制备,所得目标产物可用于多个具有重要生理活性天然产物的多样性合成研究。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤1:合成化合物3
(5R,6S)-5-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-6-((2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊基)甲基)哌啶-2-酮向化合物2(0.37mmol,1.0eq)的甲苯(2ml)溶液中加入乙二醇(9.28mmol,25.0eq)、对甲苯磺酸(21mg,0.3eq)以及适量型分子筛,100-120℃回流反应2-15小时后,经饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭(3-5ml),乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后干燥,浓缩,硅胶柱纯化得到化合物3,收率为69%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.97-3.92(m,4H),3.55-3.47(m,1H),3.39-3.33(m,1H),2.51-2.42(m,1H),2.37-2.26(m,1H),2.20-2.11(m,1H),1.96-1.87(m,1H),1.85-1.75(m,1H),1.63-1.54(m,1H),1.30(s,3H),0.86(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H).
步骤2:合成化合物4
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-((2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊基)甲基)哌啶-6-酮-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将化合物3(0.26mmol,1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(1ml)中,于-78℃下加入正丁基锂(0.26mmol,1.0eq),再加入碳酸二叔丁酯(0.39mmol,1.5eq)后连续搅拌1-24h,经饱和氯化铵水溶液(5-10ml)淬灭、萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化后得到化合物4,收率为37%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.42-4.36(m,1H),4.33-4.29(m,1H),4.01-3.92(m,4H),2.78-2.65(m,1H),2.44-2.34(m,1H),2.11-1.99(m,2H),1.83-1.72(m,2H),1.51(s,9H),1.36(s,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.09(s,3H),0.08(s,3H).
步骤3:合成化合物5
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将化合物4(0.1mmol,1.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(1mL)中,降至-78℃后加入三乙基硼氢化锂(0.2ml,1mol/L,2.0eq)搅拌1-10小时后加入甲醇(5mL)并继续搅拌10-30分钟,然后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,萃取分液,浓缩干燥,将产物溶于二氯甲烷中,再于-78℃下加入三乙基硅烷(0.16ml,10.0eq),和三氟化硼乙醚(0.04ml,3.0eq),低温反应1-5小时后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(1-5ml),萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物5,两步收率50%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.75-4.40(m,1H),4.21-3.83(m,1H),3.77-3.67(m,1H),2.83-2.67(m,1H),2.66-2.49(m,2H),2.19(s,3H),1.99-1.82(m,1H),1.69-1.61(m,1H),1.44(s,9H),0.89(s,9H),0.11(s,3H),0.05(s,3H).
步骤4:合成化合物1
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯
将上述化合物5(0.05mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲醇(1ml)中,加入盐酸/二氧六环(0.075mmol,4mol/L,1.5eq)温搅拌1-2小时,旋蒸除去甲醇,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(3ml),萃取分液,干燥浓缩,不经纯化直接将其溶于二氯甲烷中,于室温下加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.05mmol,1.0eq)、三乙胺(0.25mmol,5.0eq),反应10-30分钟后再向其中加入氯甲酸苄酯(0.075mmol,1.5eq),继续反应1-24小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液(3ml)淬灭,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物1。两步收率86%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36-7.33(m,4H),7.32-7.27(m,1H),5.17(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),4.69-4.58(m,1H),4.20-3.97(m,1H),3.82-3.69(m,1H),2.89-2.73(m,1H),2.65-2.61(m,2H),2.25-2.05(m,3H),2.00-1.89(m,1H),1.67-1.61(m,2H),1.38-1.32(m,1H),0.85(s,9H),0.05(s,3H),0.04(s,3H).。
实施例2
步骤1:同实施例1
步骤2:合成化合物4
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-((2-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊基)甲基)哌啶-6-酮-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将化合物3(0.5mmol,1.0eq)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,于室温下加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.5mmol,1.0eq)、三乙胺(2.5mmol,5.0eq),再加入碳酸二叔丁酯(0.75mmol,1.5eq)后连续搅拌1-24h,经饱和氯化铵水溶液(5-10ml)淬灭、萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化后得到化合物4,收率为20%。
步骤3-4:同实施例1。
实施例3
步骤1-3同实施例1
步骤4:合成化合物1
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯
将上述化合物5(0.5mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲醇(2ml)中,加入醋酸(0.75mmol,1.5eq)温搅拌1-2小时,旋蒸除去甲醇,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(3ml),萃取分液,干燥浓缩,不经纯化直接将其溶于二氯甲烷(2ml)中,于室温下加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(0.5mmol,1.0eq)、三乙胺(2.5mmol,5.0eq),反应10-30分钟后再向其中加入氯甲酸苄酯(0.75mmol,1.5eq),继续反应1-24小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液(3ml)淬灭,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物1。两步收率79%。
实施例4
步骤1-3同实施例1
步骤4:合成化合物1
(2S,3R)-3-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-2-(2-氧丙基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯
将上述化合物5(0.5mmol,1.0eq)溶于甲醇(2ml)中,加入盐酸/二氧六环(0.75mmol,4mol/L,1.5eq)温搅拌1-2小时,旋蒸除去甲醇,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(3ml),萃取分液,干燥浓缩,不经纯化直接将其溶于四氢呋喃(2ml)中,于-78℃下加入正丁基锂(0.5mmol,1.0eq),反应10-30分钟后再向其中加入氯甲酸苄酯(0.75mmol,1.5eq),继续反应1-24小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液(3ml)淬灭,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物1,两步收率82%。
Claims (9)
1.一种合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,按下述合成路线和步骤:
其中OTBS是指叔丁基二甲基硅氧基,Cbz是指苄氧羰基,
步骤1:向化合物2的甲苯溶液中加入乙二醇、一种酸以及型分子筛,80-120℃回流反应2-15小时后,再经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液处理,萃取分液、干燥浓缩、柱层析纯化得到化合物3;
步骤2:将上述化合物3溶于四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,于-78℃至25℃下加入一种有机碱,再加入碳酸二叔丁酯后连续搅拌1-24h,经饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭、萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化后得到化合物4;
步骤3:将上述化合物4溶于四氢呋喃中,在-78℃至50℃之间用还原剂还原1-30小时,淬灭后经柱层析纯化得到化合物5;
步骤4:将上述化合物5溶于甲醇中,加入一种酸室温搅拌1-2小时,旋蒸除去甲醇,加入饱和碳酸氢钠的水溶液,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,不经纯化直接将其溶于四氢呋喃或者二氯甲烷中,于-78℃至25℃下加入一种碱,反应10-30分钟后再向其中加入氯甲酸苄酯,继续反应1-24小时后,用饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,萃取分液,干燥浓缩,柱层析纯化得化合物1。
2.按权利要求1所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述的一种酸是对羟基苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对硝基苯酚、丙二酸或柠檬酸。
3.按权利要求1所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中所述的一种有机碱是指三乙胺,二异丙胺,正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、六甲基二异丙基氨基锂、叔丁醇钾。
4.按权利要求1所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述的还原剂是指三乙氧基氢化锂铝、Red-Al、三乙基硅烷、硼氢化钠、硼氢化锂、硼氢化钾、硼烷三乙基硅烷、二苯基硅烷、二乙氧甲基硅烷、三乙氧甲基硅烷、三乙基硼氢化锂、三乙基硼氢化钠或三仲丁基硼氢化锂。
5.按权利要求1所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤4中所述的一种酸是指盐酸/二氧六环、盐酸、硫酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸、三氟乙酸、醋酸;所述的一种碱是指三乙胺,二异丙胺,正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂、六甲基二异丙基氨基锂、叔丁醇钾。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述的一种酸是对甲苯磺酸或樟脑磺酸。
7.按权利要求1或3所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中所述的一种有机碱是正丁基锂或三乙胺。
8.按权利要求1或4所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述的还原剂是硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、二苯基硅烷或三乙基硅烷。
9.按权利要求1或5所述的合成常山碱关键手性中间体的方法,其特征在于,步骤4中所述的一种酸是盐酸/二氧六环、氢溴酸或、醋酸;所述的一种碱是正丁基锂或三乙胺。
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