CN109937827A - A method of prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao - Google Patents
A method of prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao Download PDFInfo
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- CN109937827A CN109937827A CN201910300077.3A CN201910300077A CN109937827A CN 109937827 A CN109937827 A CN 109937827A CN 201910300077 A CN201910300077 A CN 201910300077A CN 109937827 A CN109937827 A CN 109937827A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for preventing and treating garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao, select suitable field base fertilizer and herbicide, immersion treatment is carried out to garlic using seed soaking agent, specific field base fertilizer selects two or more in soil conditioner, the organic fungi-manure containing middle microelement, oil cake and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, herbicide selects penta acetochlor ec of first or penta oxygen acetochlor ec, and seed soaking agent selects two or more in first frost hymexazol aqua, hymexazol aqua or abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.Dead seedling has thoroughly been prevented from source using this method and has returned the generation of seedling phenomenon, reduced because of dead seedling and has returned seedling bring serious financial consequences.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to a method of prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao.
Background technique
Planting garlic is with a long history, is a kind of important Liliaceae allium herbaceos perennial, in China's cultivated area
It is larger.Garlic has edible and medical value, and economic value in recent years is higher, and mu income is up to 15000 yuan or so.Form work
The garlics producing regions such as Shandong, Henan, Sichuan and the Yunnan of name.As the reasons such as reduction are used in the change of cultivation step and organic fertilizer,
The problems such as garlic seedling stage large area dead seedling occurs and returns seedling, is mainly shown as that part occurs in the 3 leaf phase garlic field partial region 2 ∽
Plant root grabs root in chicken, and new root does not walk root, and seedling stage to garlic harvest time does not grow, and forms runt seedling；A part of underground root system is raw
Length is bad, and part root system is dead；The dry point jaundice of garlic blade, withered from radical leaves, the withered dead or even field of plant is exhausted
It receives.Some areas cause Garlic yield and output value underproduction reduction of income amplitude to be above 70% because of garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao；Garlic
Agriculture loss is serious and helpless to this, so that garlic production is severely impacted, garlic industry is unstable.
Scholar thinks that the main reason for " Hui Miao " is due to soil acidification, microorganism unbalance of structure, organic matter shortage etc.
Continuous cropping obstacle caused by factor proposes use " soil sterilants+quick lime+microbial organic fertilizer+increases potash fertilizer " etc. to soil
Earth carries out disinfection, adjusts acid, optimization edaphon structure and the measure for increasing the content of organic matter.This measure is to a certain extent
Dead seedling and Hui Miao can be alleviated, but dead seedling and time seedling basic reasons is caused not to find, thus the control method formulated is in year
Between it is unstable.
In short, for garlic seedling stage dead seedling and for returning seedling preventing and controlling, a kind of stabilization is not yet found at present and from source
The upper method effectively administered.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome the above technical defects, provides a kind of method for preventing and treating garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao, should
Method can administer garlic dead seedling and time seedling from source, and harmless to soil and people and animals, and control efficiency is reachable
100%.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention provides a kind of method for preventing and treating garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao, tools
Body is to select suitable field base fertilizer and herbicide, carries out immersion treatment, specific field base fertilizer choosing to garlic using seed soaking agent
With two or more in soil conditioner, the organic fungi-manure containing middle microelement, oil cake and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, weeding
Penta acetochlor ec of first or penta oxygen acetochlor ec are selected in agent, and seed soaking agent selects first frost hymexazol aqua, hymexazol
Two or more in aqua or abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
Further technical solution is that the soil conditioner is acidic soil conditioner.
Further technical solution is soil conditioner, the organic fungi-manure containing middle microelement, oil cake and nitric acid phosphorus potassium
The ratio that fertilizer applies is (8~10): (10~15): (10~20): (4~5).
Further technical solution is that the time that the seed soaking agent impregnates garlic is 30~60 minutes.
Further technical solution is that the herbicide selects 40% first, penta acetochlor ec (pendimethalin content
20%, Acetochlor content 20%) 300~400 times of liquid or 44% penta oxygen acetochlor ec (pendimethalin content 17%, second
Oxygen fluofazone content 5%, Acetochlor content 22%) 250~400 times of liquid.Every 667m2Liquid volume 60L.
Further technical solution is that seed soaking agent selects 3% 750 times of liquid of first frost hymexazol aqua, 30% hymexazol water
Two or more in 500 times of liquid of 800~1000 times of liquid of agent or 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
In existing technology, it is believed that it is mainly soil acidification, microorganism unbalance of structure, organic matter shortage that garlic, which returns seedling dead seedling,
Etc. continuous cropping obstacle caused by factors.In the present invention, the field investigation and indoor and outdoor by many years to garlic seedling stage dead seedling Hui Miao
Test, discovery there are still garlic seedling stage dead seedling and return seedling phenomenon in basic soil and the higher field of organic matter.Therefore, originally
Invention further investigates the field management of dead seedling and Hui Miao, removes including garlic kind source, preceding stubble fertilising situation, preceding stubble
Careless agent service condition, garlic base fertilizer administration time, type and quantity, garlic top dressing use time, number and the kind applied every time
Class and quantity；The medicament kind of seed soaking or seed dressing, dosage and processing time, the time for applying preemergence herbicide, type and quantity；
A situation arises and control method etc. for seedling stage diseases and pests.The administrative situation of normal garlic field growth has also carried out Comparative Survey, and ties
It closes various regions weather and rain event is analyzed.As a result, it has been found that the application of the application type, quality and quantity, herbicide of base fertilizer
Type and quantity, the quality of garlic kind affect the dead seedling and Hui Miao of garlic.Compound fertilizer in base fertilizer has been confirmed for the first time by test
Biuret Content is very close to dead seedling time seedling relationship, is the key factor of garlic dead seedling and Hui Miao, and the quality of garlic kind, i.e. garlic
Leaf blight, white rot, nematode and root mite in kind garlic kind accelerate seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao；In addition, garlic herbicide is not proper
When type selection and dosage will cause the Hui Miao of part field.Therefore, in the influence garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao found for the first time
On the basis of, invent this technology.
Field base fertilizer application strategies are without being the compound fertilizer of raw material production containing urea, because detection is using urea as raw material
Just there is gently garlic seedling stage root growth in the compound fertilizer mu application 20kg of 366.4mg/100g the content of biuret in compound fertilizer
Lithographic is rung, and when applying 40kg to mu, growth is suppressed, including root long, radical and stem thickness etc. less than compare, when mu is applied
When 80kg, growth is obviously suppressed, and when mu applies 120kg, root is suppressed completely, is in typical chicken feet root, upper leaf
Piece jaundice.Murder by poisoning seedling by biuret in compound fertilizer is irreversible, even if the later period takes the equal nothing such as measures such as flushing, adjusting
Method is retrieved.Therefore, in garlic seedling stage, garlic is sensitive to the compound fertilizer containing biuret or urea, does not apply answering for biuret-containing
Hefei or urea, and with the Fertilizer Combination for root guard of increasing soil fertility, i.e. selection soil conditioner, the organic fungi-manure containing middle microelement,
Two or more in oil cake and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer.Wherein soil conditioner primarily to improve garlic field soil texture,
Nutrient imbalance, noxious material pollution or prevention and treatment soil-borne disease insect pest etc., during the organic fungi-manure containing middle microelement is mainly to provide
Microelement, organic matter and beneficial microbial inoculum, effect are balance garlic field nutrients, improve soil, create the Garlic Growth ring be conducive to
Border, promotes neat garlic budding, root activity and disease resistance, and the effect of oil cake is to provide garlic high efficiency fertilizer, long-acting and stable battalion
It supports, while soil can be improved, it is loose ventilative, promote beneficial microorganism growth in soil, the effect of phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer is to mention
For a great number of elements of garlic seedling growth, while in turn avoiding the murder by poisoning of biuret.
For dead seedling caused by pest and disease damage on garlic and Hui Miao, pass through the separation of indoor germ and field seedling stage garlic pest and disease damage
Analysis that a situation arises, leaf blight, root-knot nematode, white rot and the root mite in seedling stage are main causes, and first frost hymexazol has anti-
The effect of disease and hestening rooting, and root-knot nematode and the available avermectin good to its preventive effect of root mite, pass through the organic collocation of medicament
After soak root, play disease-resistant, and can promoting root growth effect.
The selection of herbicide type is improper to will also result in garlic dead seedling and Hui Miao.Garlic herbicide is numerous, by indoor security
Property and field trial, to garlic seedling stage safety and the preferable herbicide of herbicidal effect be pendimethalin and Acetochlor compounding system
Agent or pendimethalin, Oxyfluorfen and Acetochlor ternary built agent, compound proportion are preferably binary built (pendimethalin content
20%, Acetochlor content 20%) or ternary built (pendimethalin content 17%, Oxyfluorfen content 5%, Acetochlor content
22%), more individual pendimethalin, the effect of Acetochlor are good, and herbicidal effect is good, to garlic annual gramineous weed, broad-leaved
Weeds and herba stellariae mediae etc..It should be used by commercial product recommending dosage in amount, can't arbitrarily increase dosage.In the part garlic of dead seedling and Hui Miao
Field, Acetochlor herbicide are excessively applied in field and remain to detect the residual in soil after two months.Therefore, the present invention by pair
The research of garlic preemergence herbicide reaches safely and efficiently garlic weeding.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention found out influence garlic seedling stage dead seedling and
The key factor of Hui Miao, thus strategically carry out garlic dead seedling and Hui Miao improvement, thoroughly prevented from source dead seedling and
The generation for returning seedling phenomenon reduces because of dead seedling and returns seedling bring serious financial consequences.The fertilizer of selection is conducive to improve soil,
Promote the soil organism, and ecology, environmental protection and safety；With efficient prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and return seedling effect, control efficiency
Up to 100%；Implement easy to operate, has a vast market and application prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiment is only used
It is further detailed in the present invention, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, which is skilled in technique
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that personnel are made according to foregoing invention content, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Choosing former stubbles in Shifang City is garlic dead seedling and the field of Hui Miao, at the beginning of September, puts field in order, is held successfully big
Three cells are divided after the ditch of compartment, cell base fertilizer does not apply the compound fertilizer of any biuret-containing, and according to quantity by three processing in table 1
Three cells are applied respectively, in triplicate, base fertilizer and soil are mixed with small-size rotary tiller, can be sowed.Garlic kind is reserved for one's own use for farmers'
Kind, kind is grey leaf, selects 500 times of liquid of 800 times of 30% hymexazol aqua and 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, impregnates garlic kind
30min；It is sowed after draining.Thickness of sowing is by 3.5 ten thousand plants or so per acre, in time with 40% pendimethalin second of preemergence herbicide after broadcasting
300 times of liquid of careless amine are spraying, and spraying preceding garlic field soil need to moisten, and can routinely produce be managed later.Two after emergence
Leaf wholeheartedly when investigated, the field without dead seedling and return seedling phenomenon, garlic send out seedling it is neat, root system is preferable, the number of blade, plant height, stem
Thick and width of blade is superior to conventional production.Survey production is carried out to garlic after harvesting garlic shoot, showing this method also can promote greatly
Garlic volume increase, relatively conventional 15% or more production volume increase.Also relatively control morbidity is light for blackhead disease disease incidence on garlic.
Influence of the different base fertilizer of table 1 to garlic garlic shoot yield
Embodiment 2
In Pi Douqu garlic producing region, part garlic field dead seedling and time seedling are serious.It chooses dead seedling and returns the serious field of seedling,
Preceding stubble is rice.After site preparation, trace element fertilizer 10kg+ oil cake 150kg in flourish treasured 20kg+QQ organic fertilizer 150kg+ Defo is made
For base fertilizer application, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage, fertilizer is mixed well withed the soil, garlic variety is red seven-star, to reserve seed for planting certainly.Garlic kind passes through 3%
After 700 times of liquid of first frost hymexazol aqua and 5% avermectin impregnate 60min, sowing is drained.Thickness of sowing is by 3.5 ten thousand plants per acre
Left and right, it is spraying with 40% pendimethalin Acetochlor of preemergence herbicide, 300 times of liquid in time after broadcasting.Final-period management is Routine Management.With
The method of the present invention treated garlic emergence is quickly neat, and no dead seedling returns seedling phenomenon, and one pair of them shine field, applies biuret-containing
Compound fertilizer 60kg after, there is back seedling phenomenon in the middle part of field, garlic loss late is 50% or more.Apply the field of the method for the present invention
Block, later period growing way are very good.After sampling is measured using field garlic shoot and control field garlic shoot (garlic shoot normally extracted out), the present invention
Go out 80% or more tongue fur rate using the garlic shoot of field, garlic shoot is sturdy, and rate of growth relatively control field increases production 36.52% (as shown in table 2).
Also relatively control field (the normal garlic for taking out garlic shoot) increases production 33.81% (as shown in table 3) to garlic.Handle garlic shoot and garlic sample presentation extremely
Test center, the Ministry of Agriculture carries out nutritional ingredient and the residual testing result of agriculture is shown: the total nutritional ingredient of garlic shoot is higher than the garlic in peasant planting area
Tongue fur, garlic shoot Allicin Content reach 312mg/kg, improve 14.71% than non-demonstration area.Garlic shoot is pacified according to GB2763-2016 food
Full national standard (Pesticide maximum residue limit, 33 indexs) is tested, and product quality whole index is all qualified.
Table 2 is without compound fertilizer's base fertilizer and has influence of compound fertilizer's base fertilizer to garlic garlic shoot yield
Table 3 is without compound fertilizer's base fertilizer and has influence of compound fertilizer's base fertilizer to garlic garlic shoot yield
Embodiment 3
In Shifang City garlic production base, stubble is that the field of rice puts field in order at the beginning of September before choosing, by Tian Jiajia
100kg+QQ organic fertilizer 100kg+ oil cake 200kg+ phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer (22:8:10) 40kg is mixed as base fertilizer, fertilizer and soil
After open compartment plantation.Garlic kind is red seven-star, and it is mould with 3% 750 times of+30% evil of first frost hymexazol aqua to select garlic bulblet (4g or more)
800 times+5% of Lingshui Spring agent, 500 times of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate liquid impregnates garlic kind 40min；It is sowed after draining.September 7 routinely produce
Sowing, closes weeding before after planting carrying out bud with 40% first, penta acetochlor ec 300.Routinely production carries out pipe after processing
Reason.It was sampled investigation in 6th in November, as a result, it has been found that the field Garlic Growth that the present invention is handled is vigorous, well developed root system, stalk is thick
Strong, leaf color is normal, and dead seedling and time seedling field Garlic Growth are seriously obstructed, leaf color jaundice, and blade is tiny.At every plant of fresh weight of garlic
Reason and control difference are significant, and garlic sprouts seedling pest controlling protects yield and reaches 54.2%, and economic benefit is very significant.
The seedling stage economical character of the application field of table 4 and dead seedling, time seedling field compares
Embodiment 4
Pathogen and harmful mite and nematode on garlic variety be cause after emergence in seedling stage dead seedling and the factor of Hui Miao it
One, for disease, selects 10 kinds of medicaments to carry out impregnating garlic kind 30min, germinateed on the culture dish with filter paper after immersion,
A situation arises for germ in observation garlic kind.Investigation result discovery, to the germ inhibitory effect in garlic kind preferably there are two types of medicament,
It is 45% Prochloraz and 3% first frost hymexazol respectively, it is contemplated that hymexazol has the function of hestening rooting, and preferably first frost is disliked
Mould spirit, test result are as shown in table 5.
The different fungicide immersion treatment garlic kind incidences of table 5
7 kinds of medicaments are selected to carry out immersion 30min the harmful mite (Rhizoylyphus echinopus) on garlic, culture dish culture is observed after 20 days
The case where root mite, as a result, it has been found that high flucythrinate, gamma cyhalothrin, pyridaben, oxygen amarolide and mineral oil are to root mite
Preventive effect is undesirable, and 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 500 times of liquid and Biphenthrin missible oil are preferable to Rhizoylyphus echinopus preventive effect, 85% with
On.The comprehensive control efficiency to nematode, avermectin preferably good to Rhizoylyphus echinopus and nematode preventive effect.
Embodiment 5
Abusing and excessively applying for garlic field herbicidal usually causes garlic seedling stage phytotoxicity.To solve this problem, indoors into
The safety testing of herbicide is gone.Test result show soil moisture at 90% or so, 7 herbicides to the growth of garlic all
Have an impact, show as plant height reduction, pendimethalin is also embodied by garlic emergence delay, and Oxyfluorfen has an effect on the number of garlic root
It measures (table 6).For soil moisture at 70% or so, 7 herbicides influence garlic plant height, especially glyphosate-isopropylammonium aqua,
34% 500 times of liquid of pendimethalin Acetochlor Oxyfluorfen delay the budding of garlic seedling stage.(table 7).Therefore, in different soil
It is comprehensive to garlic seedling growth and young plant root of hair number under humidity, pendimethalin and 34% pendimethalin Acetochlor in 7 herbicides
The safety to garlic of 500 times of liquid of Oxyfluorfen is relatively high.
6 indoor pot of table (soil moisture 90% or so) garlic herbicide safety test (35 days after broadcasting)
Pot culture (soil moisture 70% or so) garlic herbicide safety test in table Room 7 (45 days after broadcasting)
Embodiment 6
6 different herbicides are chosen in the herbicidal effect test for the field weedicide that selection herbicide carries out in production,
1 day herbicide spraying after plantation garlic, sprays preceding ground moistening, every 667m2With liquid volume 60L, difference is investigated after spray after 3 months
Every square metre of weeds type of processing, fresh weight.Test result discovery, according to recommended dose maximum dose use herbicide, 6
Kind herbicide is to garlic emergence safety, and in addition to having favorable effect to gramineae weed, 6 herbicides are to weeds in field Herba Galii Teneri
Preventive effect is general, wherein most preferably 40% first, penta Acetochlor, 300 times of liquid, to entire garlic field weed Integrated co ntrol effect
From the point of view of, the preventive effect of 40% first, penta Acetochlor, 300 times of liquid and 44% penta oxygen acetochlor ec (fist is sharp) 300 times of liquid is good
(table 8), field weeding difference on effect are obvious.Sampling survey has been carried out to the garlic shoot of different weedings processing cell, as a result, it has been found that
The shadow of 44% first, penta Acetochlor, 300 times of liquid and 44% penta 300 times of liquid of oxygen acetochlor ec (Huayang) to the yield of garlic shoot
It rings less, to garlic production safety (table 9).
The different herbicides of table 8 are in field weeding effect
Influence of the different herbicides of table 9 to garlic garlic shoot economical character
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for explanatory embodiment of the invention, and above-described embodiment is only this hair
Bright preferable embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, it should be appreciated that those skilled in the art
Member can be designed that a lot of other modification and implementations, these modifications and implementations will fall in principle disclosed in the present application
Within scope and spirit.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for preventing and treating garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao, which is characterized in that suitable field base fertilizer and herbicide are selected,
Immersion treatment is carried out to garlic using seed soaking agent, specific field base fertilizer selects soil conditioner, having containing middle microelement
Two or more in machine bacterial manure, oil cake and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, herbicide select penta acetochlor ec of first or penta
Oxygen acetochlor ec, seed soaking agent select first frost hymexazol aqua, two kinds in hymexazol aqua or abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or
It is two or more.
2. the method for prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil conditioning
Agent is acidic soil conditioner.
3. the method for prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao according to claim 1, which is characterized in that soil conditioner,
The ratio that organic fungi-manure, oil cake containing middle microelement and phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer apply is (8~10): (10~15): (10~
20): (4~5).
4. the method for prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seed soaking agent pair
The time that garlic is impregnated is 30~60 minutes.
5. the method for prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the herbicide choosing
With 40% first, penta acetochlor ec, 300~400 times of liquid or 44% penta 250~400 times of liquid of oxygen acetochlor ec.
6. the method for prevention and treatment garlic seedling stage dead seedling and Hui Miao according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seed soaking agent is selected
3% 700~800 times of liquid of first frost hymexazol aqua, 30% hymexazol aqua, 800~1000 times of liquid or 5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate
Two or more in 500 times of liquid.
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Application publication date: 20190628 |
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