CN109906893B - Method for high yield and high quality of farmland mycorrhizal crops - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-quality method for farmland mycorrhizal crops, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing bring together 10-15 parts of culture medium hot fire and 85-90 parts of river sand; then selecting seeds, disinfecting, sowing, inoculating a liquid arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent containing 20-50 spores, putting into a culture medium for culturing, and spraying and watering a nutrient solution once a week; transplanting the seeds into a farmland after two weeks of seedling culture, and applying 45-55ml of Hoagland nutrient solution for supplementing nutrition every other week for four times; and starting inorganic and organic comprehensive fertilization after the crops grow in the farmland for four weeks, fertilizing once every week, and fertilizing four times before and after the crops grow for 55-60 days to obtain the finished product. The rhizosphere infection rate, the output and the grain quality are improved by preparing the specific culture medium, the nutrient solution and the inorganic-organic compound fertilizer; meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for high-yield and high-quality mycorrhizal crops in a farmland.
Background
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a type of endophytic mycorrhizal fungi which can form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots and are used as the most widely distributed and abundant endophytic mycorrhizal fungi,the mycorrhiza comprises intraradicular hyphae (IRM) and extraradicular hyphae (ERM), the intraradicular hyphae can absorb carbohydrates which are conveyed to roots and synthesized by photosynthesis of plants, the carbohydrates are synthesized into lipids and then are conveyed to the extraradicular hyphae for growth and propagation of AM fungi, and the hyphae generated by the AM fungi can enlarge the absorption area of the root system, so that the absorption of host plants on moisture, mineral element nutrition N, P, K, S and the like is promoted. Important achievements have been made in molecular basis and gene regulation of the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil by AM fungi, and the prior art has demonstrated that mycorrhizal fungi absorb nitrogen sources for transport from ERM to IRM in the form of arginine (Arg). Arg within IRM is decomposed to urea and ornithine (Orn) by the urea cycle. Urea is decomposed into ammonia and CO by urease (urease)2Orn is further converted into glutamic acid for reuse by the action of related enzymes. Phosphorus enters the fungal cytoplasm, is transported from ERM to IRM in the form of polyphosphate (PolyP), and is transported into plants by a plasma membrane-associated phosphorus transporter (Pi-transport protein). PloyP releases Arg at the same time as it is cleaved in IRM, facilitating cleavage of Arg into ammonia and subsequent transport to the mycorrhizal interface, suggesting that nitrogen and phosphorus transport within mycorrhiza is linked. A large number of scientific researches show that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve multiple aspects of drought resistance, disease resistance, saline-alkali resistance, heavy metal resistance and the like of a host. The AM fungus has good development prospect as a biological fertilizer, and plays a key role in developing green organic agriculture.
Currently, there are many studies on how to effectively improve the yield and quality of corn. The influence effect of the controlled release fertilizer on the corn is researched by the national cinnabar and the like. The influence of the matched application of pig manure and chemical fertilizer on corn is researched by the yan Li Yang. Smith et al, abroad, have outlined the effect of the AM fungus on the growth of crops such as maize. However, in field conditions, a technical method for realizing high yield and high quality of AM fungal mycorrhizal crops is still lacked. Because AM fungal mycorrhizal maize is under different soil conditions, maize yield and quality are even lower than that of normal maize.
Therefore, how to provide a method for high yield and high quality of farmland mycorrhizal crops becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a high-yield and high-quality method for farmland mycorrhizal crops, which improves the rhizosphere infection rate, the yield and the grain quality by preparing a specific culture medium, a specific nutrient solution and a specific compound fertilizer; meanwhile, compared with the prior art, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for high yield and high quality of farmland mycorrhizal crops comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of culture Medium
The culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: bring together 10-15 parts of hot fire and 85-90 parts of river sand;
2) seedling raising of seeds
Selecting seeds, disinfecting, sowing, inoculating a liquid arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent containing 20-50 spores, putting into a culture medium for culturing, and spraying and watering a nutrient solution once a week;
3) transplanting to farmland and planting
Transplanting the seeds into a farmland after two weeks of seedling culture, and applying 45-55ml of Hoagland nutrient solution for supplementing nutrition every other week for four times; and starting inorganic and organic comprehensive fertilization after the crops grow in the farmland for four weeks, fertilizing once every week, and fertilizing four times before and after the crops grow for 55-60 days to obtain the finished product.
Preferably, the phosphorus concentration in the culture medium in the step 1) is lower than 10 mg/L.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in step 2) comprises the following components: KNO3 100mg/L、Ca(NO3)2 62mg/L、MgSO4260mg/L、H3BO3 4.96mg/L、MnCl2·4H2O 2.81mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 2.22mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 0.18mg/L、H2MoO4·H2O 0.19mg/L。
Preferably, 10ml of hormone is added in the seedling raising process in the step 2) every week, wherein the hormone comprises one or a mixture of apigenin and strigolactone, and the addition of the hormone can promote the AM fungal infection rate to be more than 95%.
Preferably, the inorganic-organic compound fertilizer in the step 3) comprises potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, organic fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the proportion is 2.0-3.0: 1.5-2.0: 40-50: 0.4-0.6, wherein the ammonium sulfate can be replaced by urea, and the addition ratio is the same as the ammonium sulfate.
Preferably, the nitrogen concentration in the compound fertilizer is 3.5-4mmol/L, and the phosphorus concentration is lower than 0.5 g/L; 8-10mL of potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate and 45-50g of organic fertilizer are supplemented each time.
Preferably, the crops comprise rice, sorghum, corn, beans, potatoes, highland barley, broad beans, wheat and the like.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the technical scheme of the invention has no region limitation, and can realize high infection rate of mycorrhizal sweet corn in farmland in both barren soil and fertile soil, thereby achieving the purposes of high yield (the weight of the corn is improved by more than 25%) and high quality (the nitrogen is improved by more than 80%, the phosphorus is improved by more than 20%, and the soluble sugar is improved by more than 20%).
2. The material method for culturing the substrate and the biological fertilizer is simple, the cost is low, and compared with the prior art, the method can also be used for fertilizing (reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 50 percent and phosphate fertilizer by 66.7 percent).
3. Taking corn crops as an example, the invention solves the world problems that mycorrhizal corn plants planted by common compound fertilizers are short, leaves are withered and yellow, ears are less than 100 g/plant, and yield and biomass are reduced. The mycorrhizal maize planted by the method is strong, leaves are light green, and the heading is more than 380g per plant.
4. The technical scheme of the invention is green and environment-friendly, and is beneficial to developing modern agriculture; meanwhile, the invention can also be used for increasing yield and improving quality of medicinal plant cultivation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of additives on AM fungal kernel nitrogen content;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of additives on phosphorus content of AM fungal kernels;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of additives on soluble sugar content of AM fungal kernels;
FIG. 4 is a mycorrhizal corn planted with a compound fertilizer;
FIG. 5 shows a mycorrhizal maize plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention can be applied to a plurality of crops, the embodiment is only a corn, and other crops are also applicable. Meanwhile, in order to explore how to more effectively utilize the AM fungal biofertilizer in actual production, the method compares the influences of several nitrogen sources, hormones and phosphorus concentrations on the growth and quality of the mycorrhizal corn. Meanwhile, by combining with byproducts generated in the agricultural production process, such as cow dung and the like, the effect of the AM fungal biofertilizer is improved. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1. preparation of culture medium and mycorrhizal fungi symbiont culture
As shown in the following table 1, the culture boxes are divided into 16 groups, the number of the groups is 16, the groups are marked, the groups are composed of bring together 10-15 parts of hot fire and 85-90 parts of river sand (key technology I, the low phosphorus concentration is controlled to be 10mg/L), plump fresh sweet corn seeds are selected, the fresh sweet corn seeds are sown after being disinfected, and then liquid arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum containing 20-50 spores is inoculatedCulturing the AM fungus glomus intraradices (Glomus intraradics), spraying nutrient solution every week (key technology II: controlling low nitrogen concentration): KNO3 100mg/L,Ca(NO3)2 60mg/L,MgSO4 260mg/L,H3BO3 4.96mg/L,MnCl2.4H2O 2.81mg/L,ZnSO4.7H2O 2.22mg/L,CuSO4.5H2O 0.18mg/L,H2MoO4.H2O 0.19mg/L。
2. After 2 weeks of culture, maize seedlings were transplanted into the field. Every other week 50ml of modified Hoagland's nutrient solution was applied for a total of 4 applications.
3. After the corn grows for 4 weeks in the field, different nitrogen elements (potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and organic fertilizer) and hormones are applied, as shown in table 1. The inorganic nitrogen source with the nitrogen concentration of 4mmol/L is supplemented with 10.0ml each time and is applied for 4 times in the front and back, and the experimental organic fertilizer is specifically added with 50g of cow dung each time and is applied for 4 times in the front and back. Tests have determined that a suitable nitrogen fertilizer is: potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and organic fertilizer (key technology three) see the attached results.
4. 1mg/L strigolactone hormone is supplemented with 5.0 ml each time (key technology four), and is applied for 4 times before and after seedling stage
5. After 4 weeks of field culture, potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied at a concentration of 1.5 g/strain and 0.5 g/strain, respectively, for a total of 1 time. The experimental corns in the group A are recovered and analyzed after 60 days of total growth. And controlling proper low phosphorus concentration is beneficial to the growth of the corn (key technology five).
TABLE 1 treatment table for different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of corn symbiotic with AM fungi
The following results were obtained according to the above method, see table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of additives on AM fungal corn Biomass and mycorrhiza infestation Rate
From table 3, it can be seen that: 1) in field experiments, the weight of the corn ears can be increased most obviously by inoculating AM fungi and adding potassium nitrate, and under the condition of low phosphorus, the relative sterile low phosphorus is increased by 24.4%. Under the condition of high phosphorus, the content of the phosphorus is improved by 19.9 percent compared with that under the condition of aseptic high phosphorus;
2) in a field test, under the condition of low phosphorus, after AM fungi are inoculated, the weight of mycorrhizal corn stems and leaves can be increased by 28.1% compared with the weight of the corn under the sterile low phosphorus condition by adding potassium nitrate, and then hormone and calcium nitrate have obvious increasing effects which can be increased by 22.7% and 17.4% respectively. Under the condition of high phosphorus, the weight of the mycorrhizal corn ear can be increased most obviously by inoculating the AM fungus and adding potassium nitrate, and the relative sterile high phosphorus increase ratio reaches up to 43.9%. The weight of the mycorrhized corn ear is increased by 23.94 percent compared with the control (aseptic root) under the condition of low phosphorus by applying the organic fertilizer. The application of strigolactone resulted in an 91.05% higher mycorrhizal corn infestation compared to 76.52% for the control, an 18.98% increase.
Further, the applicant aims at the histogram of the comparison of the total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and soluble sugar content of the grain of the AM fungus by the additive in the above experiment, and the results are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the total nitrogen content of the grain inoculated with AM fungal corn was significantly increased relative to that without inoculation. The result shows that when the AM fungi and the plants are symbiotic, the symbiotic hyphae can help the root systems of the corn plants to absorb nitrogen elements in the soil. The presence of additives such as calcium nitrate, urea, hormone and potassium nitrate is beneficial to further absorption of nitrogen elements by plants. In summary, under the condition of inoculating the microbial inoculum, the total nitrogen content is higher when calcium nitrate is applied. Under the condition of low phosphorus, the nitrogen content of the corn kernels is improved by 184.2% by inoculating the AM fungus and adding calcium nitrate compared with the nitrogen content of the corn kernels under the aseptic condition, and the nitrogen content of the corn kernels is improved by 172.9% by inoculating the AM fungus and adding hormone strigolactone. Under the high-phosphorus condition, the nitrogen content of the corn kernels is increased by 91.7% by inoculating the AM fungus and adding the urea, and the nitrogen content of the corn kernels is increased by 88.8% by inoculating the AM fungus and adding the calcium nitrate.
As shown in FIG. 2, overall, the total phosphorus content increased when inoculated with the AM fungus compared to when not inoculated. Under the condition of inoculating AM fungi, when ammonium sulfate is used as an additive, the total phosphorus content is obviously improved, the content is improved by 30.6 percent relative to the sterile low phosphorus under the low phosphorus condition, and the content is improved by 22.9 percent relative to the sterile high phosphorus under the high phosphorus condition.
As shown in FIG. 3, the content of soluble sugar was highest and the content of urea was second when ammonium sulfate was used as an additive under the condition of inoculating AM fungus. When the ammonium sulfate is used as an additive, the soluble sugar content of the corn kernels can be increased by 49.4% under the condition of low phosphorus and 28.8% under the condition of high phosphorus. When urea is used as an additive, the soluble sugar content of the corn kernels can be increased by 36.5% under the condition of low phosphorus and 20.6% under the condition of high phosphorus.
Further, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows that mycorrhizal maize planted by using a common compound fertilizer of the prior art has short plants, withered and yellow leaves and small ears; FIG. 5 shows that the mycorrhizal maize planted by the technical scheme of the invention has strong plants, tender green leaves and more than 380g of ears per plant.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A method for high yield and high quality of farmland mycorrhizal crops is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of culture Medium
The culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: bring together 10-15 parts of hot fire and 85-90 parts of river sand; the concentration of phosphorus in the culture medium is lower than 10 mg/L;
2) seedling raising of seeds
Selecting seeds, disinfecting, sowing, inoculating a liquid arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent containing 20-50 spores, putting into a culture medium for culturing, and spraying and watering a nutrient solution once a week;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components: KNO3 100mg/L、Ca(NO3)2 62mg/L、MgSO4 260mg/L、H3BO3 4.96mg/L、MnCl2·4H2O 2.81mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 2.22mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 0.18mg/L、H2MoO4·H2O 0.19mg/L；
3) Transplanting to farmland and planting
Transplanting the seeds into a farmland after two weeks of seedling culture, and applying 45-55ml of Hoagland nutrient solution for supplementing nutrition every other week for four times; applying nitrogen fertilizer once every week after crops grow in the farmland for four weeks, applying the nitrogen fertilizer once every week, and applying the nitrogen fertilizer four times in front and at back, wherein the finished product is obtained after the crops grow for 55-60 days; the nitrogen fertilizer is potassium nitrate; the crops are corns;
and in the step 2), 10ml of hormone is added every week in the seedling raising process, wherein the hormone comprises one or a mixture of apigenin and strigolactone.
2. The method for high yield and high quality of farmland mycorrhizal crops according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer in the step 3) is 4mmol/L, and 10.0ml is supplemented each time; after 4 weeks of field culture, 0.5 g/strain of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied for a total of 1 time.
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| CN113615536A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Formula and preparation process of culture medium for symbiosis of fungi and plants |
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