CN109804876A - A kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method selects the anti-late blight kind that late-maturing or Mid-late ripening, plant height are short, yield potentiality is big；Sowing mid-March, selects the big potato seed sowing of potato of health, state consistency, and potato seed coating ensures full stand；The 10% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan, uses sufficient phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer when sowing；Flat planting, Qi Miaohou ridging, impose fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings, and keep a full stand of seedings the 50% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late June cultivation and banking imposes and promotees potato fertilizer, promotees the 30% of the total dose of potato nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late July health care, full-bloom stage latter stage, then health care fertilizer is imposed, the 10% of the total dose of Zhan；High ridge cultivation is realized in ridging three times, reduces rainy season runny influence, is conducive to prevention and control excessive growth, promotes knot potato；Spindling control, late blight prevention and treatment impose foliar fertilizer, microelement, prevention and control early blight in supplement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato yield-increasing cultivation field, in particular to a kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care volume increase is planted
Culture method.
Background technique
Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Stereoscopic weather is particularly suitable for potato growth, but actual production is hovered always in 15t/hm2, analyze it
Reason: potato breeding time spring is up to 200d, and 3~May of early period, low temperature arid, caused emergence partially late, 7~August part rainwater mistake
It is more, it causes air humidity excessive, along with the temperature to cool, is conducive to the outburst of late blight, late blight harm leads to potato
Plant premature death, reduction in the life period.Grower has to harvest in late July or early August, and potato is also in potato at this time
The quick expanding stage of block, and have the guarantee of enough photosynthetic radiation, harvest terminates the photosynthesis and dry matter of plant in advance
Accumulation, cause yield too low.
Therefore, in conjunction with the unique ecological environment in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, loss of nitrogen fertilizer early period is reduced, strengthens later period field management, it will
Breeding time extends to September, so that it makes full use of even this measure of the solar radiation in October of September part, it is to improve potato
Yield shortens the effective measures of yield difference.
It for the low problem of spring potato yield, is analyzed in conjunction with big spring climatic characteristic, according to delay breeding time, sufficiently
Using the principle of Luminous energy resource, this patent proposes a kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide after a kind of big spring sowing potato nitrogenous fertilizer
It is shifted elsewhere for garrison duty the yield-increasing cultivation method that declines
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method, includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting late-maturing or Mid-late ripening, the disease-resistant variety that plant height is partially short, yield potentiality is big；
Step 2: mid-March is sowed, the big potato seed sowing of potato of health, state consistency is selected, potato seed coating ensures
Full stand；By 60~70cm × 60~70cm, 1361~1852 plants/acre of planting density, the line-spacings such as planting density and spacing in the rows, thin planting are broadcast
Kind；Fertilising will accomplish that accurate quantification, organic-inorganic combine, preferably with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement.That is, detecting soil nutrient before sowing
Ingredient determines fertilizer applications according to yield target, fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil amount.With reference to dose: 20-25 kilograms of urea of application/
Mu, the 10% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan when sowing；Phosphate fertilizer is used sufficient (to be recommended to use calcium magnesium phosphate, measure magnesium elements in supplement, prevent morning
Decline) and potash fertilizer；80-100 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer (general calcium and each half of calcium magnesium phosphate), potassium sulfate or 50-55 kilograms of potassium chloride, base fertilizer one
Secondary property applies.Conditional region is contemplated that base fertilizer applies thousand grams/acre of farmyard manure 1000-1500, using ridging technology after flat planting；
Step 3: top dressing is earthed up, Qi Miaohou ridging imposes fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings, and keeps a full stand of seedings the 50% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；In 6 months
Last ten-days period cultivation and banking imposes and promotees potato fertilizer, promotees the 30% of the total dose of potato nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late July health care, full-bloom stage latter stage, then
It is fertile to impose health care, the 10% of the total dose of Zhan；High ridge cultivation is realized in ridging three times, is reduced rainy season runny influence, is conducive to
Prevention and control excessive growth promotes knot potato；
Step 4: Spindling control, thin planting has apparent effect for control plant height, but sufficient in excessive rainfall, fertilizer
In the case of, the later period still will appear a degree of excessive growth, and growth regulator should be sprayed when full-bloom stage initial stage or plant height reach 60cm
Spindling control is convenient for later period prevention and control late blight and field management；
Step 5: late blight prevention and treatment puts prevention first, focuses on the later period；Spring potato disease is mainly late blight, although this
Technology is moved back center of gravity is prevented and treated, but is still to adhere to putting prevention first, budding to flowering stage mu 80% Mancozeb, 600 times of liquid or
75% 500 times of metalaxyl-mn-zn liquid is prevented and treated, primary every prevention and treatment in 7 days；First meeting primary infection focus scab uses fluorine thiazole pyrrole
Ethyl ketone or fluopicolide Propamocarb or fluazinam, cross-reference, cannot because of being disease-resistant variety just without medicament prevention and control,
Prevention and treatment dynamics to be increased should be increased into August；Even if early period does not fall ill, late blight also results in the early ageing of disease-resistant variety；
Step 6: imposing foliar fertilizer, microelement, prevention and control early blight in supplement；Later growth regards its growing state mu use
5 kilograms of urea plus the 60-75 kilograms of progress foliage top dressing of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It sprays 2-3 times；Optionally increase magnesium
It is micro- in (1% magnesium sulfate), boron (0.2-0.3% borax), zinc (0.1-0.2% zinc sulfate), manganese (0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate) etc.
Secondary element fertilizer earths up deeply in conjunction with ditch cleaning, is conducive to expanding for stem tuber, increases yield；To the later period, in addition to prevention and control late blight, spray
Fluoxastrobin is applied, prevention and control early blight is taken into account.
Further, the step 1 chooses kind specifically: cloud potato 505, cloud potato 105, cloud potato 401, cooperation 88.
Further, in the step 3, the time for fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is imposed specifically: mid-May.
Further, in the step 4, growth regulator Spindling control concrete operations are sprayed are as follows: with 5~10 gram 15%
Paclobutrazol wettable powder is watered 15 kilograms and is sprayed, and can prevent cauline leaf excessive growth, and potato wedge is promoted to expand, promote nutriment to
Stem tuber accumulation, effect of increasing production are obvious.
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the benefit that
Yunnan big spring potato planting time, climatic characteristic are that early period is arid, the later period is rainy, are caused in potato production
The problem: seedling-growing time evening early period, rainy season set after later period emergence are easy excessive growth, and at a time when late blight breaks out peak period.
Postpone breeding time using big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method for big spring climatic characteristic, will mention significantly
The yield level of the high big spring sowing potato of our province.
One, final-period management again extends breeding time, and the knot potato phase is made to match with climatic characteristic.
Make full use of spring seasonal characteristic, science bridle late blight.Yunnan big frost-free period in spring is long, practical suitable potato
The time of growth is long, after big emergence in spring potato May, progresses into rainy season June, plant is in the knot potato critical period at a time when late blight
Sick peak period causes the potato plant in most of Yunnan spring area in August i.e. premature death, our research indicate that,
In the case where keeping under strict control late blight, cloud potato 401, cloud potato 505 and the maximum knot potato rate of cooperation 88 appear in 8~September part, ahead of time
Harvest, the resources such as luminous energy of 8~September fail to make full use of, and delay breeding time is then advantageously implemented the increase of potato yield.
Two, regulate and control plant disease resistance, plant horizontal resistance mechanism is made to be fully utilized.
Big spring seven, August rainwater it is more and concentrate, the big spring potato in Yunnan with late blight in July outburst, with
The passage of time, humidity, dew point etc. gradually reduce, and are more conducive to the control of late blight.And late blight of potato resistance and fertility
Phase character is mutually chain, and late variety is disease-resistant, can be with the maturation of plant, and P. infestans resistant decline, plant is relatively late-maturing, is conducive to
The P. infestans resistant of late variety is set to play one's part to the full in July, and to after the August, with subtracting for late blight pressure
Gently, although the decline of plant resistance to a certain extent, is easier to guard against late blight.Potato is tied ahead of time relative to using early-maturing variety
Obtain yield keeps away disease cultivation, this is to keep away disease cultural method using late growth.Since big low temperature spring sowing potato early period is arid,
In addition early-maturing variety sense late blight, is difficult to realize the disease cultivation step of keeping away of early period.
Three, postponing nitrogen health care keeps knot potato consistent with fertilizer utilization rule.
Fertilizer efficiency moves back consistent for a long time with potato raw.During potato entirely gives birth to, because growing stage is different, needed for
The type and quantity of nutriment are also different.Seedling Stage fertilizer-sucting quantity is seldom, and tiller phase fertilizer-sucting quantity increases sharply, and reaches to knot potato initial stage
To top, then fertilizer-sucting quantity sharply declines.Each breeding time absorbed nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) three elements are always inhaled by Zhan
The percentage of fertilizer amount calculates, and germination to seeding stage is respectively 6%, 8% and 9%, and the tiller phase is respectively 38%, 34% and 36%,
Tying the potato phase is 56%, 58% and 55%.The big spring potato in Yunnan, fertilising generally use the mode of base fertilizer 60%+ top dressing 40%,
Sowing in March, emergence mid-May, the time of intermediate one and a half months, exactly the dry season of Yunnan spring, low temperature is short of rain, and base fertilizer uses
Loss is big afterwards.Especially this technology uses late variety, more steps back to the demand peaks of fertilizer, and fertilising causes too early in production
Fertilizer loss is serious.Potato increases the requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer with the continuous growth of cauline leaf and stem tuber.In stem tuber shape
Account for about the 60% of total fertilizer requirement at peak period fertilizer requirement, early growth period and latter stage about respectively need the 20% of total fertilizer requirement.General planting mould
Since plant is dead too early under formula, fertilizer is caused also to be underused.
Four, thin planting Spindling control, disease-control.
General technology shows that high yield could be obtained by increasing density, have experiments have shown that, using thin planting, sufficiently extend fertility
Phase can reduce density without the underproduction.Thin planting is conducive to the control of anti-late blight, and late blight occurs close with field planting humidity
Correlation, and reduce planting density and advantageously reduce field humidity.Secondly, big spring sowing potato problem is that later period rainwater is more, it is easy
Lead to plant excessive growth, this largely limits the yield potentiality of potato, and excessive growth makes field plant lodge, and increases field
Between humidity, further promote the generation of late blight, meanwhile, thin planting is also convenient for top dressing, ridging, health care, and this technology is even more to use
Etc. spacing in the rows and line-spacing, reinforce final-period management, move back with fertilizer efficiency and closely combine.
Five, it improves fertilizer efficiency to utilize, slow down Disease pressure, realization subtracts medicine.
Current potato fertilization, which has, generally wastes trend, and many plot are before sowing, and residual nitrogenous fertilizer is still just very much, at this
In the case of kind, the problem that base fertilizer causes fertilising excessive is used sufficient, base fertilizer is not applied or Shaoshi, is moved back by fertilizer efficiency, improves fertilizer efficiency benefit
With reduction fertilizer application amount.Simultaneously because give full play to plant resistance and later period keeps away disease cultivation, the reduction of the applications of pesticide is realized, from
And realize " two subtract " target.
Six, multiple top dressing is earthed up, is expanded conducive to potato wedge
While multiple top dressing, high ridge cultivation is also achieved.Repeatedly ridging, can increase active soil stratum thickness, makes rhizome portion
Position loosing soil is conducive to stolon and extends, and can improve ground temperature, meets Tuber development required temperature, tuber expansion period happens rain
Season, high ridge are conducive to draining, reduce soil moisture.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention field planting schematic diagram.Wherein, left side is control group, and right side is processing group；This technology makes
Field planting density reduces, and plant height is controlled, and breeding time postpones (florescence postponement).
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
A kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method as shown in Figure 1:, includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting late-maturing or Mid-late ripening, the disease-resistant variety that plant height is partially short, yield potentiality is big；
Step 2: mid-March is sowed, the big potato seed sowing of potato of health, state consistency is selected, potato seed coating ensures
Full stand；By 60~70cm × 60~70cm, 1361~1852 plants/667m of planting density2, the line-spacings such as planting density and spacing in the rows are dilute
Plant sowing；Fertilising will accomplish that accurate quantification, organic-inorganic combine, preferably with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement.That is, detecting soil before sowing
Nutritional ingredient determines fertilizer applications according to yield target, fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil amount.With reference to dose: application urea 10-25
Thousand grams/acre, when sowing, the 10% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan, use sufficient phosphate fertilizer (be recommended to use calcium magnesium phosphate, measure magnesium elements in supplement,
Prevent early ageing) and potash fertilizer；80-100 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer (general calcium and each half of calcium magnesium phosphate), potassium sulfate or 50-55 kilograms of potassium chloride,
Base fertilizer disposably applies.Conditional region is contemplated that base fertilizer applies thousand grams/acre of farmyard manure 1000-1500, using ridging after flat planting
Technology；
Step 3: top dressing is earthed up, Qi Miaohou ridging imposes fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings, and keeps a full stand of seedings the 50% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan, in 6 months
Last ten-days period cultivation and banking imposes and promotees potato fertilizer, promotees the 30% of the total dose of potato nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late July health care, full-bloom stage latter stage, then
It is fertile to impose health care, the 10% of the total dose of Zhan；High ridge cultivation is realized in ridging three times, is reduced rainy season runny influence, is conducive to
Prevention and control excessive growth promotes knot potato；
Step 4: Spindling control, thin planting has apparent effect for control plant height, but sufficient in excessive rainfall, fertilizer
In the case of, the later period still will appear a degree of excessive growth, and growth regulator should be sprayed when full-bloom stage initial stage or plant height reach 60cm
Spindling control is convenient for later period prevention and control late blight and field management；
Step 5: late blight prevention and treatment puts prevention first, focuses on the later period；Spring potato disease is mainly late blight, although this
Technology is moved back center of gravity is prevented and treated, but is still to adhere to putting prevention first, budding to flowering stage mu 80% Mancozeb, 600 times of liquid or
75% 500 times of metalaxyl-mn-zn liquid is prevented and treated, primary every prevention and treatment in 7 days；First meeting primary infection focus scab uses fluorine thiazole pyrrole
Ethyl ketone or fluopicolide Propamocarb or fluazinam, cross-reference, not because without medicament prevention and control being not disease-resistant variety, into
Prevention and treatment dynamics to be increased should be increased by entering August；Even if early period does not fall ill, late blight also results in the early ageing of disease-resistant variety；
Step 6: imposing foliar fertilizer, microelement, prevention and control early blight in supplement；Later growth regards its growing state mu use
5 kilograms of urea plus the 60-75 kilograms of progress foliage top dressing of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It sprays 2-3 times；Optionally increase magnesium
In (1% magnesium sulfate), boron (0.2-0.3% borax), zinc (0.1-0.2% zinc sulfate), manganese (0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate) etc.
Trace element fertilizer earths up deeply in conjunction with ditch cleaning, is conducive to expanding for stem tuber, increases yield；To the later period, in addition to prevention and control late blight,
Fluoxastrobin is sprayed, prevention and control early blight is taken into account.
Further, the step 1 chooses kind specifically: cloud potato 505, cloud potato 105, cloud potato 401, cooperation 88.
Further, in the step 3, the time for fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is imposed specifically: mid-May.
Further, in the step 4, growth regulator Spindling control concrete operations are sprayed are as follows: with 5~10 gram 15%
Paclobutrazol wettable powder is watered 15 kilograms and is sprayed, and can prevent cauline leaf excessive growth, and potato wedge is promoted to expand, promote nutriment to
Stem tuber accumulation, effect of increasing production are obvious.
Postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method controls plant height, postpones plant breeding time, rationally utilizes
The horizontal resistance of plant seedling resists late blight in July peak period, realizes that the sunlight-heat reaources of 8~September of later period part utilize and increasing
It produces.
Postponing nitrogen handles 1 for the control action of plant height: postponing nitrogen is handled；2: often
Advise fertilizer treatment
By different times to 1: postponing nitrogen processing；2: the potato plant plant height under conventional fertilizer application processing is surveyed
Fixed, the plant height of discovery postponing nitrogen processing is substantially less than conventional fertilizer application processing
Thin planting handles 1 for the control action of plant height: thin planting is handled；2: the processing of general planting density
By different times to 1: thin planting processing；2: the potato plant plant height under the processing of general planting density is surveyed
Fixed, the plant height of discovery thin planting processing is substantially less than the processing of general planting density
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement expected without creative work, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
Protection scope should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of big spring sowing potato postponing nitrogen health care yield-increasing cultivation method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: selecting the anti-late blight kind that late-maturing or Mid-late ripening, plant height are short, yield potentiality is big；
Step 2: mid-March is sowed, the big potato seed sowing of potato of health, state consistency is selected, potato seed coating ensures full stand；
By 60~70cm × 60~70cm, 1361~1852 plants/acre of planting density, the line-spacings such as planting density and spacing in the rows, thin planting are sowed；It applies
Fertilizer will accomplish that accurate quantification, organic-inorganic combine, preferably with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement.That is, ASI systematic approach is detected before sowing,
Fertilizer applications are determined according to yield target, fertilizer requirement, fertilizer provision from soil amount.With reference to dose: thousand grams/acre of urea 10-25 of application is broadcast
The 10% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan, uses sufficient phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer when kind；Thousand grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer 80-100, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 50-55
Thousand grams/acre, base fertilizer disposably applies；Base fertilizer applies thousand grams/acre of farmyard manure 1000-1500, using ridging after flat planting；
Step 3: top dressing is earthed up, Qi Miaohou ridging imposes fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings, and keeps a full stand of seedings the 50% of the total dose of nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late June
Cultivation and banking imposes and promotees potato fertilizer, promotees the 30% of the total dose of potato nitrogenous fertilizer Zhan；Mid or late July health care, full-bloom stage latter stage, then impose
Health care fertilizer, the 10% of the total dose of Zhan；High ridge cultivation is realized in ridging three times, reduces rainy season runny influence, is conducive to prevention and control
Excessive growth promotes knot potato；
Step 4: Spindling control, thin planting has apparent effect for control plant height, but in excessive rainfall, the situation of fertilizer abundance
Under, the later period still will appear a degree of excessive growth, and growth regulator control should be sprayed when full-bloom stage initial stage or plant height reach 60cm
Later period prevention and control late blight and field management are convenient in excessive growth；
Step 5: late blight prevention and treatment puts prevention first, focuses on the later period；Spring potato disease is mainly late blight, although this technology
Prevention and treatment center of gravity is moved back, but is still to adhere to putting prevention first, is buddingged to flowering stage mu 80% Mancozeb, 600 times of liquid or 75% first
White spirit 500 times of liquid of MnZn are prevented and treated, primary every prevention and treatment in 7 days；First meeting primary infection focus scab i.e. use fluorine thiazole pyrrole ethyl ketone or
Fluopicolide Propamocarb or fluazinam, cross-reference, not because not answered without medicament prevention and control being disease-resistant variety into August
Increasing will increase prevention and treatment dynamics；Even if early period does not fall ill, late blight also results in the early ageing of disease-resistant variety；
Step 6: imposing foliar fertilizer, microelement, prevention and control early blight in supplement；Later growth regards its growing state mu urea 5
Kilogram plus the 60-75 kilograms of progress foliage top dressing of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It sprays 2-3 times；Optionally increase magnesium (1% sulphur
Sour magnesium), boron (0.2-0.3% borax), zinc (0.1-0.2% zinc sulfate), microelement in manganese (0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate) etc.
Fertilizer earths up deeply in conjunction with ditch cleaning, is conducive to expanding for stem tuber, increases yield；To the later period, in addition to prevention and control late blight, phonetic bacterium is sprayed
Ester takes into account prevention and control early blight.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 chooses kind specifically: cloud potato 505, cloud
Potato 105, cloud potato 401, cooperation 88.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein phosphate fertilizer uses general calcium and calcium magnesium phosphate in the step 2
Each half.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein imposing the time for fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings in the step 3 specifically:
Mid-May.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein spraying growth regulator Spindling control in the step 4
Concrete operations are as follows: be watered 16 kilograms with 5~10 gram of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder and sprayed, cauline leaf excessive growth can be prevented, promote
It is expanded into potato wedge, nutriment is promoted to accumulate to stem tuber, effect of increasing production is obvious.
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| CN111742676A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-09 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Special fertilizer for staple potato varieties |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110178852A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 重庆领直航科技有限公司 | The late blight of potato prevention and treatment composite drug and its application method |
| CN111742676A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-09 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所（宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室） | Special fertilizer for staple potato varieties |
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