CN109789205A - 抗pd-1(cd279)抗体 - Google Patents
抗pd-1(cd279)抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109789205A CN109789205A CN201780055621.1A CN201780055621A CN109789205A CN 109789205 A CN109789205 A CN 109789205A CN 201780055621 A CN201780055621 A CN 201780055621A CN 109789205 A CN109789205 A CN 109789205A
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- cancer
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Abstract
本发明提供新颖抗PD‑1抗体、包括这些新抗体的组合物、编码这些抗体的核酸、及制造与使用其的方法。
Description
1.相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求2016年9月14日申请的美国临时申请号62/394,314的权益,其内容通过引用以其整体并入本文中。
2.序列表
本申请含有序列表,该序列表已以ASCII格式以电子方式提交且其全部内容通过引用并入本文。所述ASCII复本创建于2017年8月10日,命名为381493-327WO_SL.txt且大小为33,195字节。
3.技术领域
本申请尤其是关于新颖抗PD-1抗体、包括这些新抗体的组合物、编码这些抗体的核酸及制造与使用其的方法。
4.背景技术
癌症疗法包含广泛范围的治疗性方法,包括手术、放射及化学疗法。尽管各种方法容许医师广泛选择可用治疗来治疗癌症,但现有治疗剂存在许多缺点,诸如缺乏靶向癌细胞超过正常健康细胞的选择性及癌症对治疗产生抗性。
与非靶向疗法(诸如,放射治疗)相比,基于靶向治疗剂(其相对于正常细胞优先干扰癌细胞的细胞过程)的最近方法已产生具有较少副作用的化学治疗方案。
癌症免疫疗法已经作为补充现存护理标准的有前景的治疗方法出现。参见例如,Miller等人,Cancer Cell[癌症细胞],27,439-449(2015)。这些免疫治疗方法包括研发用于调节免疫系统以杀死癌细胞的抗体。
例如,PD-1(I型细胞表面受体)与其两种配体PD-L1或PD-L2中的任一种的相互作用产生显性负性检查点信号,该信号限制随后的抗原受体驱动的细胞活化。PD-1的配体在各种组织和细胞类型(包括免疫系统的抗原呈递细胞)上差异表达,并且在许多类型的肿瘤细胞上被上调。肿瘤微环境中PD-L1的上调是所提出的肿瘤破坏宿主的保护性抗肿瘤免疫反应的一种机制。针对PD-1的抗体阻断受体与其两种配体中的任一种的相互作用,导致对负性信号传导的抑制。已经证明体外抑制PD-1介导的检查点信号导致延长的抗原特异性T细胞活化。已显示体内PD-1阻断在同系小鼠肿瘤模型和人类临床试验二者中均增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。
抗PD-1治疗法已经增强了实体瘤患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应。存在两种已批准和上市的拮抗性抗PD-1单克隆抗体:纳武单抗(nivolumab)和派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)其在美国及欧盟获批用于治疗诸如不可切除或转移性黑色素瘤及转移性非小细胞肺癌等疾病。如通过无进展存活和/或整体存活的改善所量测的,用这些药剂治疗患者已产生抗肿瘤反应。
在与常规化学疗法相比较的临床试验中,最近发现的未能减缓未接受过治疗的患者群体中晚期肺癌的进展突出了对替代性方法及其他癌症治疗法的需求,以补充现存的治疗性护理标准。
5.发明内容
本发明提供与PD-1特异性结合的抗PD-1抗体及其结合片段。例示性CDR的氨基酸序列以及例示性抗PD-1抗体的重链及轻链的VH区及VL区的氨基酸序列提供于下文具体实施方式中。本文提供的抗体干扰PD-1受体与其两种配体(PD-L1,SEQ ID NO:3;PD-L2,SEQ IDNO:4)中的任一种的相互作用,导致负性信号传导的抑制和适应性免疫反应的上调。
抗PD-1抗体可包括改变抗体的特性的修饰和/或突变,如本领域已知的诸如延长半衰期、增加或减少ADCC等。
本文提供包含编码本发明的抗PD-1抗体的核苷酸序列的核酸,以及包含核酸的载体。另外,本文提供用包含编码所披露的抗PD-1抗体的核苷酸序列的载体转化的原核及真核宿主细胞,以及经工程化以表达核苷酸序列的真核(诸如,哺乳动物)宿主细胞。还提供通过培养宿主细胞及回收抗体来制造抗体的方法,且进一步在下文具体实施方式中论述。
在另一方面中,本发明提供包括本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体的组合物。组合物通常包含一种或多种如本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体和/或其盐、及一种或多种赋形剂、运载体或稀释剂。
本发明提供用抗PD-1抗体治疗经诊断具有实体瘤或血液恶性肿瘤的受试者(诸如,人类受试者)的方法。该方法通常涉及向受试者施用一定量的本文所描述的可有效地提供治疗益处的抗PD-1抗体。受试者可经诊断患有多种实体瘤或血液恶性肿瘤中的任一种,这些实体瘤或血液恶性肿瘤可以是新近诊断的、复发的、或复发且难治的。通常以一周两次、一周一次、每两周一次、每三周一次、每四周一次、每五周一次、每六周一次、每七周一次或每八周一次静脉内输注来施用抗PD-1抗体。
抗PD-1抗体可作为单一治疗剂(单药疗法)施用或辅助通常(但非必需)用于治疗实体瘤或血液恶性肿瘤的那些的其他治疗剂,或与这些其他治疗剂一起施用。治疗剂通常经以其批准剂量、施用途径及施用频率来使用,但可以较低剂量使用。
抗PD-1抗体可经由各种施用途径或模式来施用,这些施用途径或模式包括但不限于静脉内输注和/或注射、瘤内注射及皮下注射。施用的量将取决于施用途径、给药时间表、所治疗的癌症类型、所治疗的癌症的阶段、以及如本领域熟知的其他参数,诸如患者的年龄和体重。预计提供治疗益处的具体例示性给药时间表提供于具体实施方式中。
6.附图说明
图1A-1B显示人类PD-1(SEQ ID NO:1)、鼠PD-1(SEQ ID NO:2)、人类PD-L1(SEQ IDNO:3)和人类PD-L2(SEQ ID NO:4)的氨基酸序列。图1A描绘人类和鼠PD-1的序列;图1B描绘人类PD-L1和PD-L2的序列。
图2提供本发明的例示性抗PD-1抗体中VH区和VL区的氨基酸序列。
图3A-3C显示氧化和可变温度条件对例示性人源化抗体Hu12A11.2b1及其在CDR-H3中Kabat 99处的点突变的影响。图3A描绘在-80℃、5℃、25℃或40℃下储存30天或在经受氧化条件(1%过氧化氢,“1%HP”;或1%叔丁基过氧化氢,“1%TBHP”)后的Hu12A11.2b1的Jurkat细胞中与PD-1的结合;图3B描绘抗PD-1抗体Hu12A11.2b1、Hu12A11.2b2、Hu12A11.2b3和Hu12A11.2b4的结合;图3C描绘在-80℃、5℃、25℃或40℃孵育30天后,Jurkat细胞中Hu12A11.2b4与PD-1的结合。
图4A-4B显示纳武单抗和Hu12A11.2b4在混合白细胞反应(MLR)和破伤风类毒素抗原回忆测定(tetanus toxoid antigen recall assay)中的生物活性。图4A显示在混合白细胞培养物中用10μg/mL的纳武单抗、Hu12A11.2b4或同种型对照处理后IL-2或干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平的增强。图4B显示在破伤风类毒素反应测定中纳武单抗、Hu12A11.2b4或同种型对照对IFN-γ增强的剂量依赖性应答。
7.具体实施方式
本发明是关于特异性结合PD-1的抗体及片段、包含抗体的组合物、编码抗PD-1抗体的多核苷酸、能够制造抗体的宿主细胞、适用于制造抗体及结合片段的方法及组合物、以及使用其的各种方法。
如本领域普通技术人员应了解,抗体在本质上为“模块化”的。在本发明中,描述构成抗体的各种“模块”的各种具体实施例。作为具体非限制性实例,描述VH CDR、VH链、VL CDR及VL链的各种具体实施例。希望所有具体实施例可彼此组合,如同明确单独地描述各具体组合。
7.1.缩写
本文所描述的抗体、结合片段、及多核苷酸在多个实施例中是借助于其各别多肽或多核苷酸序列来描述。除非另外指明,否则多肽序列是以N→C取向提供;多核苷酸序列以5’→3’取向。对于多肽序列,针对基因编码的氨基酸可使用常规三个字母缩写或一个字母缩写,如以下表1中所指出。
某些序列是用指定氨基酸残基属于某些类别(例如,脂族、疏水性的等)的结构化学式来定义。如本文所述基因编码的氨基酸所属的各种类别阐述于下表2中。一些氨基酸可属于一个以上类别。含有硫氢基的半胱氨酸及构象受限的脯氨酸并未分配类别。
用于本文披露的各种例示性抗体的缩写提供于以下表3中:
7.2.定义
除非本文中另外定义,否则结合本发明使用的科学与技术术语应具有由本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
7.3.抗PD-1抗体及结合片段
在一个方面,本发明涉及特异性结合程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)受体(还称为PDCD1、CD279、PD1、SLEB2、或SLE1)的抗体和/或其结合片段。
如本文所使用,术语“抗体”(Ab)是指与特定抗原(此处为PD-1)特异性结合的免疫球蛋白分子。在一些实施例中,本发明的抗PD-1抗体与人类PD-1结合且因此调节免疫系统。所得免疫系统反应对肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性。本发明的抗PD-1抗体包含轻链可变域及重链可变域二者中的互补决定区(CDR),还称为高变区。可变域的更高度保守部分称为框架(FR)。如本领域中已知,描绘抗体的高变区的氨基酸位置/边界可取决于上下文及本领域中已知的各种定义而变化。可变域内的一些位置可视为杂交高变位置,原因在于这些位置可根据一组标准认为在高变区内而根据一组不同的标准认为在高变区外部。这些位置中的一个或多个还可在延伸的高变区中找到。本发明提供包含这些杂交高变位置中的修饰的抗体。天然重链及轻链的可变域各自包含由三个CDR连接的四个FR区(大部分通过采用β片层构形),这三个CDR形成连接(且在一些情况下形成β片层结构的一部分)β片层结构的环。各链中的CDR由FR区紧密结合在一起,且与来自另一链的CDR一起促使形成抗体的靶结合位点。参见Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest[免疫学感兴趣的蛋白质的序列](美国国立卫生研究院,马里兰州贝塞斯达(National Institute ofHealth,Bethesda,Md.)1987)。如本文所使用,除非另外指明,否则免疫球蛋白氨基酸残基的编号是根据Kabat等人的免疫球蛋白氨基酸残基编号系统来进行。
本发明的抗体可为多克隆、单克隆、基因工程化和/或在本质上另外修饰的,包括但不限于嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人类抗体、单链抗体等。在各种实施例中,抗体包含抗体的恒定区的全部或一部分。在一些实施例中,恒定区为选自以下的同种型:IgA(例如,IgA1或IgA2)、IgD、IgE、IgG(例如,IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4)及IgM。在具体实施例中,本文所描述的抗体包含IgG1。在其他实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含IgG2。在又其他实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含IgG4。如本文所使用,抗体的“恒定区”包括天然恒定区、同种异型或天然变体,诸如D356E及L358M、或人类IgG1中的A431G。参见,例如,Jefferis及Lefranc,MAbs,1(4):332-338(2009年7月-8月)。
抗PD-1抗体的轻恒定区可为κ(kappa)轻区或λ(lambda)区。λ轻区可为已知亚型中的任一者,例如,λ1、λ2、λ3或λ4。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含κ(kappa)轻区。
如本文所使用的术语“单克隆抗体”不限于通过杂交瘤技术制造的抗体。单克隆抗体通过本领域中可用的或已知的任何方式自单一克隆获得,包括任何真核、原核或噬菌体克隆。用于本发明的单克隆抗体可使用本领域中已知的广泛多种技术来制备,包括杂交瘤技术、重组技术及噬菌体展示技术或其组合的使用。在本发明的多种使用(包括人类中的抗PD-1抗体在体内的使用)中,可适当地使用嵌合抗体、人源化抗体或人类抗体。
如本文所使用,术语“嵌合”抗体是指具有源自非人类免疫球蛋白(诸如,大鼠或小鼠抗体)的可变序列及通常选自人类免疫球蛋白模板的人类免疫球蛋白恒定区的抗体。用于制造嵌合抗体的方法为本领域中已知的。参见例如,Morrison,1985,Science[科学]229(4719):1202-7;Oi等人,1986,BioTechniques[生物技术]4:214-221;Gillies等人,1985,J.Immunol.Methods[免疫学方法期刊]125:191-202;美国专利号5,807,715;4,816,567;和4,816,397中。
非人(例如,鼠)抗体的“人源化”形式是包含从非人免疫球蛋白衍生的最少序列的嵌合免疫球蛋白。通常,人源化抗体将包含实质上所有至少一个及典型地两个可变域,其中所有或实质上所有CDR区与非人类免疫球蛋白的那些区相对应且所有或实质上所有FR区为人类免疫球蛋白序列的那些区。人源化抗体还可包含免疫球蛋白恒定区(Fc)的至少一部分,通常为人类免疫球蛋白共同序列的那部分。抗体人源化方法为本领域中已知。参见例如,Riechmann等人,1988,Nature[自然]332:323-7;Queen等人的美国专利号:5,530,101、5,585,089、5,693,761、5,693,762和6,180,370;EP239400;PCT公开WO 91/09967;美国专利号5,225,539;EP592106;EP519596;Padlan,1991,Mol.Immunol.[分子免疫学],28:489-498;Studnicka等人,1994,Prot.Eng.[蛋白质工程]7:805-814;Roguska等人,1994,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.[美国国家科学院院刊]91:969-973;以及美国专利号5,565,332。
“人类抗体”包括具有人类免疫球蛋白的氨基酸序列的抗体,且包括自人类免疫球蛋白库或自针对一种或多种人类免疫球蛋白转基因且并不表达内源性免疫球蛋白的动物分离的抗体。人类抗体可利用各种本领域中已知的方法(包括噬菌体展示方法)使用源自人类免疫球蛋白序列的抗体库来制备。参见美国专利号4,444,887及4,716,111;PCT公开WO98/46645;WO 98/50433;WO 98/24893;WO 98/16654;WO 96/34096;WO 96/33735;和WO 91/10741。人类抗体还可使用不能表达功能内源性免疫球蛋白但可表达人类免疫球蛋白基因的转基因小鼠来制造。参见例如,PCT公开WO 98/24893;WO 92/01047;WO 96/34096;WO 96/33735;美国专利号5,413,923;5,625,126;5,633,425;5,569,825;5,661,016;5,545,806;5,814,318;5,885,793;5,916,771;和5,939,598。另外,诸如LakePharma,Inc.(Belmont,CA)或Creative BioLabs(Shirley,NY)的公司可参与以使用类似于上文所描述的技术提供针对所选择的抗原的人类抗体。识别所选表位的全人类抗体可以使用称为“指导选择”的技术来产生。在此方法中,所选择非人类单克隆抗体(例如,小鼠抗体)用于引导识别相同表位的完全人类抗体的选择(参见Jespers等人,1988,Biotechnology[生物技术]12:899-903)。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体包括全长(完整)抗体分子。
在一些实施例中,本发明还包括能够特异性结合PD-1的抗PD-1结合片段。抗体结合片段的实例包括(借助于实例且非限制的)Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv片段、单链Fv片段及单一域片段。
Fab片段含有轻链的恒定结构域和重链的第一恒定结构域(CH1)。Fab’片段与Fab片段的不同之处在于:在重链CH1域的羧基端处的几个残基的添加,包括来自抗体铰链区的一个或多个半胱氨酸。F(ab’)片段是通过裂解在F(ab’)2胃蛋白酶消化产物的铰链半胱氨酸处的双硫键来制造。抗体片段的其他化学偶联法为本领域普通技术人员已知。Fab及F(ab’)2片段缺乏完整抗体的Fc片段,从动物的循环更快速清除,且具有比完整抗体更低的非特异性组织结合性(参见例如,Wahl等人,1983,J.Nucl.Med.[核医学杂志]24:316)。
“Fv”片段是包含完整靶标识别和结合位点的最小抗体片段。此区域由紧密非共价缔合的一个重链可变域和一个轻链可变域的二聚体(VH-VL二聚体)组成。在此构型中,各可变域的三个CDR相互作用以限定VH-VL二聚体的表面上的靶结合位点。通常,六个CDR赋予抗体以靶结合特异性。然而,在一些情况下,即使单一可变域(或仅包含对标靶具有特异性的三个CDR的Fv的一半)可具有识别及结合标靶的能力,但其比完整结合位点具有更低的亲和力。
“单链Fv”或“scFv”抗体结合片段包含抗体的VH和VL结构域,其中这些结构域存在于单条多肽链中。通常,Fv多肽进一步包含在VH域与VL域之间的多肽连接体,该多肽连接体使得scFv能够形成用于靶结合的所需结构。
“单结构域抗体”由单个VH或VL结构域组成,所述单结构域抗体对PD-1表现出足够的亲和力。在一个具体实施例中,单结构域抗体是骆驼化抗体(参见例如,Riechmann,1999,Journal of Immunological Methods[免疫学方法杂志]231:25–38)。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体包括衍生抗体。例如,但并非限制性的,衍生抗体通常通过糖基化、乙酰化、聚乙二醇化、磷酸化、酰胺化、利用已知保护/阻断基团衍化、蛋白质分解性裂解、连接至细胞配体或其他蛋白质来修饰。可利用已知技术来进行诸多化学修饰中的任一者,这些技术包括但不限于特异性化学裂解、乙酰化、甲酰化、衣霉素(tunicamycin)的代谢合成等。另外,衍生物例如使用ambrx技术(参见例如,Wolfson,2006,Chem.Biol[化学生物学],13(10):1011-2)可含有一个或多个非天然氨基酸。
抗PD-1抗体或结合片段可为其序列已经修饰以改变至少一个恒定区介导的生物效应功能的抗体或片段。例如,在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体可经修饰以相对于未经修饰的抗体减少至少一个恒定区介导的生物效应功能,例如,减少与Fc受体(FcγR)(诸如,FcγRI、FcγRIIA、FcγRIIB、FcγRIIIA和/或FcγRIIIB)中的一个或多个的结合。FcγR结合可通过使抗体在对于FcγR相互作用必需的特定区处的免疫球蛋白恒定区区段突变来减少(参见例如,Canfield及Morrison,1991,J.Exp.Med.[实验医学杂志]173:1483-1491;及Lund等人,1991,J.Immunol[免疫学杂志].147:2657-2662)。抗体的FcγR结合能力的减少还可减少依赖于FcγR相互作用的其他效应功能,诸如,调理作用(opsonization)、吞噬及抗原依赖性细胞毒性(“ADCC”)。
本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体或结合片段包括已经修饰以相对于未经修饰的抗体获得或改良至少一个恒定区介导的生物效应功能例如以增强FcγR相互作用的抗体(参见例如,美国专利申请号2006/0134709)。例如,本发明的抗PD-1抗体可具有以比对应野生型恒定区更大亲和力结合FcγRI、FcγRIIA、FcγRIIB、FcγRIIIA和/或FcγRIIIB的恒定区。
因此,本发明的抗体可具有使调理作用、吞噬或ADCC增加或减少的生物活性的更改。此类更改为本领域中已知。例如,减少ADCC活性的抗体中的修饰描述于美国专利号5,834,597中。例示性ADCC降低变体对应于“突变3”(还称为“M3”,显示于美国专利号5,834,597的图4中),其中残基234及残基237(使用EU编号)经丙氨酸取代。突变3(还称为“M3”)变异可用于多种抗体同种型,例如,IgG2。
可以修饰抗PD-1抗体的FcγR结合和/或ADCC效应功能的其他取代包括Fc区中的K322A取代或L234A和L235A双取代。参见例如,Hezareh等人,J.Virol.[病毒学杂志],75(24):12161-12168(2001)。
在一些实施例中,本发明的抗PD-1抗体具有较低水平的海藻糖或缺乏海藻糖。缺乏海藻糖的抗体已与增强的ADCC活性相关,尤其在较低剂量的抗体下。参见Shields等人,2002,J.Biol.Chem.[生物化学杂志]277:26733-26740;Shinkawa等人,2003,J.Biol.Chem.[生物化学杂志]278:3466-73。制备较低海藻糖抗体的方法包括在大鼠骨髓瘤YB2/0细胞(ATCC CRL 1662)中生长。YB2/0细胞表达较低水平的编码α-1,6-海藻糖基转移酶(一种对于多肽的海藻糖基化必需的酶)的FUT8mRNA。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体可包含包括氨基酸取代的经修饰(或变体)CH2结构域或整个Fc结构域,与相应野生型CH2或Fc区的结合相比,其增加与FcγRIIB的结合和/或降低与FcγRIIIA的结合。变体CH2域或变体Fc域已描述于美国专利申请号2014/0377253中。变体CH2或变体Fc结构域通常包括在位置263、位置266、位置273及位置305处的一个或多个取代,其中Fc结构域中残基的编号是如Kabat中的EU索引的编号。在一些实施例中,相对于野生型CH2结构域,抗PD-1抗体包含选自以下的一个或多个取代:V263L、V266L、V273C、V273E、V273F、V273L、V273M、V273S、V273Y、V305K及V305W。在具体实施例中,相对于人类IgG1的CH2结构域,CH2结构域的一个或多个取代选自V263L、V273E、V273F、V273M、V273S及V273Y。例如,IgG1CH2结构域的一个或多个取代可为V273E。在另一具体实施例中,本发明的抗PD-1抗体包含变体IgG1铰链区,该变体IgG1铰链区包含氨基酸取代V263L。
可提供如相比于对应野生型CH2或Fc区的结合而增加与FcγRIIB的结合和/或减少与FcγRIIIA的结合的变体CH2或变体Fc域的其他实例包括在Vonderheide等人Clin.Cancer Res.[临床癌症研究],19(5),1035-1043(2013)中发现的那些域,这些域诸如人类IgG1中的S267E或S267E/L328F。
包含人类IgG4恒定区的抗PD-1抗体或结合片段可包含S228P突变,据报道其可防止Fab臂交换。参见例如,Silva,JP等人,Journal of Biological Chemistry[生物化学杂志],290(9),5462-5469(2015)。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体或结合片段包括例如通过突变在涉及FcRn相互作用的特定区处的免疫球蛋白恒定区区段增加或减少其针对胎儿Fc受体(FcRn)的结合亲和力的修饰(参见例如,WO2005/123780)。在特定实施例中,IgG类别的抗PD-1抗体经突变使得重链恒定区的氨基酸残基250、314及428中的至少一者单独经取代或以其任何组合经取代,这些组合诸如,在位置250及位置428处、或在位置250及位置314处、或在位置314及位置428处、或在位置250、位置314及位置428处,其中位置250及位置428为特定组合。对于位置250,取代氨基酸残基可为除苏氨酸以外的任何氨基酸残基,该氨基酸残基包括但不限于:丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸、谷酰胺、精氨酸、丝氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸或酪氨酸。对于位置314,取代氨基酸残基可为除亮氨酸以外的任何氨基酸残基,该氨基酸残基包括但不限于:丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸、谷酰胺、精氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸或酪氨酸。对于位置428,取代氨基酸残基可为除甲硫氨酸以外的任何氨基酸残基,该氨基酸残基包括但不限于:丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸、谷酰胺、精氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸或酪氨酸。已知可修饰Fc效应功能的例示性取代是Fc取代M428L,其可与Fc取代T250Q组合出现。适宜氨基酸取代的其他特定组合鉴别于美国专利号7,217,797的表1中。此类突变增加与FcRn的结合,这保护抗体免遭降解且延长其半衰期。
抗PD-1抗体可具有插入至其CDR中的一个或多个中的一个或多个氨基酸,例如如Jung及Plückthun,1997,Protein Engineering[蛋白质工程]10:9,959-966;Yazaki等人,2004,Protein Eng.Des Sel.[蛋白质工程设计与选择]17(5):481-9.2004年8月17日电子出版;及美国专利申请号2007/0280931中所描述。
具有针对人类PD-1的高亲和力的抗PD-1抗体可能为治疗性及诊断用途所需的。因此,本发明涵盖具有针对人类PD-1的高结合亲和力的抗体。在具体的实施例中,抗PD-1抗体以至少约100nM的亲和力结合人类PD-1,但可表现出更高的亲和力,例如至少约90nM、80nM、70nM、60nM、50nM、40nM、30nM、25nM、20nM、15nM、10nM、7nM、6nM、5nM、4nM、3nM、2nM、1nM、0.1nM、0.01nM或甚至更高。在一些实施例中,抗体以在约1pM至约100nM范围内的亲和力或范围在前述值中的任一者之间的亲和力结合人类PD-1。
抗PD-1抗体针对人类PD-1的亲和力可使用本领域中熟知或本文所描述的技术来测定,诸如例如但非限制性的,ELISA、等温滴定热量测定(ITC)、表面等离子共振或荧光偏振测定。
抗PD-1抗体通常包含重链及轻链,该重链包含具有在本文中被称为(以N→C次序)VH CDR#1、VH CDR#2及VH CDR#3的三个互补决定区(“CDR”)的可变区(VH),该轻链包含具有在本文中被称为(以N→C次序)VL CDR#1、VL CDR#2及VL CDR#3的三个互补决定区的可变区(VL)。本文提供例示性CDR的氨基酸序列以及例示性抗PD-1的重链及轻链的VH区及VL区的氨基酸序列。抗PD-1抗体的具体实施例包括这些例示性CDR和/或VH和/或VL序列,以及与此类抗体竞争结合人类PD-1的抗体。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体适合于向人类施用。在一个具体实施例中,抗PD-1抗体是人源化的。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体的CDR的氨基酸序列选自以下序列:
本文描述具有以上CDR的抗PD-1抗体的具体例示性实施例。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:13、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15及SEQ ID NO:16的CDR。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15及SEQ ID NO:16的CDR。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15及SEQ ID NO:16的CDR。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:12、SEQ ID NO:23、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15及SEQ ID NO:16的CDR。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体的各CDR彼此独立地经选择以在序列上对应于提供于表3中的抗体的各CDR。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体为IgG,且具有在序列上对应于提供于表3中的抗体的VH及VL的VH及VL。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:31的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:41的VL链。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ IDNO:32的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:33的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:34的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:35的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含在序列上对应于SEQ IDNO:36的VH链及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。
本文描述的抗PD-1抗体中的VH或VL序列的某些突变将由普通技术人员理解为提供在本披露内容范畴内的抗PD-1抗体。突变可包括自如本文披露的VH或VL序列的氨基酸取代、添加或缺失,同时保留显著的抗PD-1活性。因此,在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VH序列具有至少85%、至少90%、至少93%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%或至少99%序列同一性的VH序列。抗PD-1抗体可包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VH序列相比具有高达8个、高达7个、高达6个、高达5个、高达4个、高达3个、或高达2个突变的VH序列。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体可包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VH序列相比具有5个或更少、4个或更少、3个或更少、或2个或更少突变的VH序列。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VL序列具有至少85%、至少90%、至少93%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%或至少99%序列同一性的VL序列。抗PD-1抗体可包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VL序列相比具有高达8个、高达7个、高达6个、高达5个、高达4个、高达3个、或高达2个突变的VL序列。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体可包含与表3中所示的任一抗体的VL序列相比具有5个或更少、4个或更少、3个或更少、或2个或更少突变的VL序列。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含根据以下的重链氨基酸序列:
和根据以下的轻链氨基酸序列:
其中加下划线的氨基酸代表CDR,以及斜体氨基酸代表恒定区。
抗PD-1抗体的序列的翻译后修饰可发生诸如抗体重链的C端末端上的一个或多个(例如,1、2、3个或更多个)氨基酸残基的裂解。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体包含根据以下的重链氨基酸序列:
和根据以下的轻链氨基酸序列:
其中加下划线的氨基酸代表CDR,以及斜体氨基酸代表恒定区。
抗PD-1抗体的额外翻译后修饰可包括糖基化。常见二分枝复合物可由具有两个N-乙酰基葡糖胺(GlcNAc)、三个甘露糖及两个GlcNAc残基(其β-1,2连接至α-6甘露糖及α-3甘露糖以形成两个天线)的核心结构组成。一个或多个岩藻糖(Fuc)、半乳糖(Gal)、高甘露糖聚糖Man-5或Man-9、等分GlcNAc及唾液酸(包括N-乙酰基神经氨酸(NANA)或N-羟乙酰基神经氨酸(NGNA)残基)可附接至核。N-连接糖型可包括G0(具有核心二分枝糖基化结构的蛋白质)、G0F(岩藻糖基化G0)、G0F GlcNAc、G1(具有含有一个半乳糖残基的核心糖基化结构的蛋白质)、G1F(岩藻糖基化G1)、G2(具有含有两个半乳糖残基的核心糖基化结构的蛋白质)和/或G2F(岩藻糖基化G2)。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有G0F聚糖。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体与参考抗体在体外测定中竞争结合人类PD-1。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体竞争结合表达人类PD-1的细胞上的人类PD-1。参考抗体可为本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体中的任一者。在一些实施例中,参考抗体为提供于表3中的抗体。在具体实施例中,参考抗体选自小鼠抗体12A11(“Mu12A11”)。在一些实施例中,参考抗体为Mu12A11的人源化版本。在一个具体实施例中,参考抗体为人源化抗体12A11.1b(“Hu12A11.1b”)或人源化抗体12A11.2b M99L(“Hu12A11.2b4”)。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体拮抗,例如,抑制人类PD-1(SEQ ID NO:1)。PD-1受体拮抗作用可通过许多机制发生,例如,通过抑制人类PD-L1(SEQ ID NO:3)或PD-L2(SEQ IDNO:4)对PD-1的结合。
本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体通常与人类PD-1特异性地结合。用于与来自其他物种(例如,来自猴,例如,食蟹猴)的PD-1结合的抗体的交叉反应性可提供诸如能够在猴动物模型中针对生物活性进行测试的优势。此类动物模型测试可用于筛选抗PD-1抗体以选择与功效相关的例如有利药物动力学的特性,或与安全性相关的例如降低的肝毒性的特性。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体与食蟹猴PD-1以及人类PD-1结合。
竞争分析包括但不限于:放射性物质标记免疫分析(RIA)、酶联结免疫吸附分析(ELISA)、夹心ELISA、荧光活化细胞分选(FACS)分析及表面等离子共振分析。
在于参考抗体与测试抗体(无论物种或同种型)之间进行抗体竞争分析中,可用可检测标记(诸如,荧光团、生物素或酶学(或甚至放射性)标记)将参考物首先标记以使得随后能够进行识别。在此情况下,与未标记的测试抗体一起孵育表达人类PD-1的细胞,添加经标记的参考抗体,且量测结合标记的强度。若测试抗体与经标记的参考抗体竞争与重叠表位结合,则强度将相对于在无测试抗体的情况下进行的对照反应而减少。
在此测定的一个具体实施例中,首先在测定条件(例如,指定细胞密度)下确定产生最大结合的80%的标记的参考抗体的浓度(“conc80%”),并用10X conc80%的未标记的测试抗体和conc80%的标记的参考抗体进行竞争分析。
抑制可表达为抑制常数或Ki,其根据以下式来计算:
Ki=IC50/(1+[参照抗体浓度]/Kd),
其中IC50为产生参考抗体的结合减少50%的测试抗体的浓度,且Kd为参考抗体的解离常数(一种其针对人类PD-1的亲和力的量测值)。与本文披露的抗PD-1抗体竞争的抗体在本文所描述的测定条件下可具有10pM至10nM的Ki。
在各种实施例中,若在于所使用的特异性分析条件下80%最大结合的参考抗体浓度下及在比参考抗体浓度高10倍的测试抗体浓度下,测试抗体使参考抗体的结合减少至少约20%或更多,例如,至少约20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或甚至更多,或在前述值中的任一者之间变化的百分比,则测试抗体被认为与参考抗体竞争。
适用于评定抗体是否与如本文所描述的参考抗体竞争结合人类PD-1的特异性分析及分析条件提供于部分8.1.5中。
7.4.编码抗PD-1抗体的多核苷酸、制备抗体的表达系统及方法
本发明涵盖编码抗PD-1抗体的免疫球蛋白轻链基因及重链基因的核酸分子、包含此类核酸的载体及能够制造本发明的抗PD-1抗体的宿主细胞。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体可通过在宿主细胞中重组表达免疫球蛋白轻链基因及重链基因来制备。为以重组方式表达抗体,用携带编码抗体的免疫球蛋白轻链及重链的DNA片段的一个或多个重组表达载体来转染宿主细胞,使得在宿主细胞中表达轻链及重链且任选地分泌至培养宿主细胞的培养基中,可从该培养基回收抗体。标准重组DNA方法用于获得抗体重链及轻链基因,将这些基因并入至重组表达载体中且将载体引入至宿主细胞中,这些宿主细胞诸如描述于Molecular Cloning;A Laboratory Manual[分子克隆:实验室手册],第二版(Sambrook,Fritsch及Maniatis(编),冷泉港实验室(Cold Spring Harbor),N.Y.,1989),Current Protocols in Molecular Biology[当前分子生物学方案](Ausubel,F.M.等人,编,格林出版联合公司(Greene Publishing Associates),1989)中及美国专利号4,816,397中的那些。
为产生编码此类抗PD-1抗体的核酸,首先获得编码轻链可变区及重链可变区的DNA片段。这些DNA可通过使用,例如,聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增及修饰编码轻链及重链可变序列的种系DNA或cDNA来获得。人类重链及轻链可变区基因的种系DNA序列为本领域已知(例如,参见“VBASE”人类种系序列数据库;还参见Kabat,E.A.等人,1991,Sequences ofProteins of Immunological Interest[免疫学感兴趣的蛋白质的序列],第5版,美国卫生及公共服务部(U.S.Department of Health and Human Services),NIH出版号91-3242;Tomlinson等人,1992,J.Mol.Biol.[分子生物学杂志]22T:116-198;及Cox等人,1994,Eur.J.Immunol.[欧洲免疫学杂志]24:827-836;每一者的内容均以引用方式并入本文中)。
一旦获得编码抗PD-1抗体相关的VH区段及VL区段的DNA片段,则可进一步利用标准重组DNA技术操纵这些DNA片段,例如以将可变区基因转化成全长抗体链基因、Fab片段基因或scFv基因。在这些操纵中,编码VL或VH的DNA片段可操作地连接至编码另一蛋白质(诸如抗体恒定区或挠性连接体)的另一DNA片段。如此背景中所用的术语“可操作连接”意指连结两个DNA片段,从而由两个DNA片段编码的氨基酸序列保留于框内。
编码VH区的经分离DNA可通过将编码VH的DNA可操作地连接至编码重链恒定区(CH1、CH2、CH3及任选地CH4)的另一DNA分子来转化成全长重链基因。人类重链恒定区基因的序列为本领域中已知(参见例如,Kabat,E.A.,等人,1991,Sequences of Proteins ofImmunological Interest[免疫学感兴趣的蛋白质的序列],第五版,U.S.Department ofHealth and Human Services[美国健康与公共事业部],NIH公开号91-3242)且涵盖这些区的DNA片段可通过标准PCR扩增来获得。重链恒定区可为IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA、IgE、IgM或IgD恒定区,但在某些实施例中为IgG1或IgG4。对于Fab片段重链基因,可将编码VH的DNA可操作连接至仅编码重链CH1恒定区的另一DNA分子。
编码VL区的经分离DNA可通过将编码VL的DNA可操作地连接于编码轻链恒定区CL的另一DNA分子来转化成全长轻链基因(以及Fab轻链基因)。人类轻链恒定区基因的序列为本领域中已知(参见例如,Kabat等人,1991,Sequences of Proteins of ImmunologicalInterest[免疫学感兴趣的蛋白质的序列],第五版,U.S.Department of Health andHuman Services[美国健康与公共事业部],NIH公开号91-3242)且涵盖这些区的DNA片段可通过标准PCR扩增来获得。轻链恒定区可为κ或λ恒定区,但在某些实施例中是κ恒定区。为建立scFv基因,将编码VH及VL的DNA片段可操作地连接于编码挠性连接体(例如,编码氨基酸序列(Gly4~Ser)3(SEQ ID NO:5))的另一片段,使得VH及VL序列可被表达为邻接单链蛋白质,其中VL区及VH区由挠性连接体接合(参见例如,Bird等人,1988,Science[科学]242:423-426;Huston等人,1988,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]85:5879-5883;McCafferty等人,1990,Nature[自然]348:552-554)。
为表达本发明的抗PD-1抗体,将如上文所描述获得的编码部分或全长轻链及重链的DNA插入至表达载体中,使得基因可操作地连接于转录及翻译控制序列。在此上下文中,术语“可操作地连接”旨在意指将抗体基因连接至载体中,使得载体内的转录和翻译控制序列起调节抗体基因的转录和翻译的预期功能。所选表达载体及表达控制序列应与所用表达宿主细胞相容。可将抗体轻链基因及抗体重链基因插入至独立载体中,或更通常将两个基因插入至同一表达载体中。
利用标准方法(例如,抗体基因片段及载体上的互补限制位点的接合,或在不存在限制位点时平头端接合)将抗体基因插入至表达载体中。在插入抗PD-1抗体相关的轻链或重链序列之前,表达载体可能已经携带抗体恒定区序列。例如,将抗PD-1单克隆抗体相关的VH序列及VL序列转化成全长抗体基因的一种方法是分别地将其插入至已经编码重链恒定区及轻链恒定区的表达载体中,使得VH区段可操作地连接于在载体内的一个或多个CH区段,且VL区段可操作地连接于在载体内的CL区段。另外或可替代地,重组表达载体可编码促进抗体链自宿主细胞分泌的信号肽。抗体链基因可克隆至载体中,使得信号肽在框内连接于抗体链基因的氨基端。信号肽可以是免疫球蛋白信号肽或异源信号肽(即,来自非免疫球蛋白的信号肽)。
除抗体链基因以外,本发明的重组表达载体携带控制抗体链基因在宿主细胞中表达的调节序列。术语“调节序列”旨在包括控制抗体链基因的转录或翻译的启动子、增强子以及其他表达控制元件(例如,多腺苷酸化信号)。这些调节序列描述于,例如,Goeddel,Gene Expression Technology:Methods in Enzymology[基因表达技术:酶学方法]185,学术出版社(Academic Press),圣地亚哥(San Diego),加利福尼亚州(CA),1990中。本领域技术人员应理解,表达载体的设计(包括调节序列的选择)可能取决于有待转化的宿主细胞的选择、所希望的蛋白质的表达水平等因素。适于哺乳动物宿主细胞表达的调节序列包括引导哺乳动物细胞中的高水平蛋白质表达的病毒元件,例如源自巨细胞病毒(CMV)(例如CMV启动子/增强子)、猿猴病毒40(SV40)(例如SV40启动子/增强子)、腺病毒(例如,腺病毒主要晚期启动子(AdMLP))及多瘤的启动子和/或增强子。对于病毒调节元件及其序列的进一步描述,参见例如,Stinski的美国专利号5,168,062、Bell等人的美国专利号4,510,245及Schaffner等人的美国专利号4,968,615。
除抗体链基因及调节序列以外,本发明的重组表达载体可携带额外序列,这些额外序列诸如调节载体在宿主细胞中的复制的序列(例如,复制起点)及可选标记基因。可选标记基因有助于已引入载体的宿主细胞的选择(参见例如,均为Axel等人的美国专利号4,399,216、4,634,665及5,179,017)。例如,通常可选标记物基因赋予已引入该载体的宿主细胞对药物(例如G418、潮霉素(hygromycin)或胺甲蝶呤(methotrexate))的抗性。适宜可选标记物基因包括二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)基因(用于经胺甲蝶呤选择/扩增的DHFR-宿主细胞)及neo基因(用于G418选择)。为表达轻链及重链,通过标准技术将编码重链及轻链的一种或多种表达载体转染至宿主细胞中。不同形式的术语“转染”旨在涵盖多种通常用于将外源DNA引入原核或真核宿主细胞中的技术,例如电穿孔、脂质转染、磷酸钙沉淀、DEAE-葡聚糖转染等。
有可能在原核宿主细胞或真核宿主细胞中表达本发明的抗体。在某些实施例中,抗体的表达是在最佳分泌正确地折叠及免疫主动抗体的真核细胞(例如,哺乳动物宿主细胞)中进行。用于表达本发明的重组抗体的例示性哺乳动物宿主细胞包括中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO细胞)(包括DHFR-CHO细胞,其描述于Urlaub及Chasin,1980,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]77:4216-4220中,与DHFR可选标记一起使用,例如,如Kaufman及Sharp,1982,Mol.Biol.[分子生物学]159:601-621中所描述)、NSO骨髓瘤细胞、COS细胞及SP2细胞。当将编码抗体基因的重组表达载体引入至哺乳动物宿主细胞中时,抗体是通过培养宿主细胞持续足以允许抗体在宿主细胞中表达或将抗体分泌至生长宿主细胞的培养基中的时间段来制造。可使用标准蛋白质纯化方法自培养基回收抗体。宿主细胞还可用于制造完整抗体的部分,诸如,Fab片段或scFv分子。应理解,上述程序的变化形式在本披露的范畴内。例如,可能需要用编码本发明的抗PD-1抗体的轻链或重链(但并非二者)的DNA转染宿主细胞。
重组DNA技术还可用于将编码对于与人类PD-1结合不必需的轻链及重链中的任一者或两者的DNA的一些或所有移除。自此类截断DNA分子表达的分子还由本发明的抗体涵盖。
对于本发明的抗PD-1抗体的重组表达,可用本发明的两种表达载体共转染宿主细胞,第一载体编码源自多肽的重链且第二载体编码源自多肽的轻链。两个载体可含有相同可选标记物,或其可各自含有单独可选标记物。可替代地,可使用编码重链及轻链两种多肽的单一载体。
一旦已经获得编码抗PD-1抗体的一个或多个部分的核酸,就可以将进一步的改变或突变引入编码序列中,例如以产生编码具有不同CDR序列的抗体的核酸、对Fc受体具有降低的亲和力的抗体、或不同亚类的抗体。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体还可利用化学合成法(例如,利用描述于Solid PhasePeptide Synthesis[固相肽合成],第2版,1984皮尔斯化学公司(The Pierce ChemicalCo.),罗克福德(Rockford),伊利诺伊州(Ill)中的方法)来制造。变体抗体还可使用无细胞平台来产生(参见例如,Chu等人,Biochemia[生物化学]第2期,2001(罗氏分子生物公司(Roche Molecular Biologicals))及Murray等人,2013,Current Opinion in ChemicalBiology[化学生物学新见],17:420-426。
一旦已利用重组表达制造本发明的抗PD-1抗体,则其可通过本领域中已知的任何纯化免疫球蛋白分子的方法来纯化,例如,通过层析(例如,离子交换、亲和层析及尺寸分级柱层析)、离心、不同可溶性、或通过纯化蛋白质的任何其他标准技术。此外,可将本发明的抗PD-1抗体融合至本文所描述或本领域中另外已知便于纯化的异源多肽序列。
一旦分离,则抗PD-1抗体可(若需要)例如通过高效液相层析(参见例如,Fisher,Laboratory Techniques In Biochemistry And Molecular Biology[生物化学和分子生物学实验室技术],Work及Burdon,编,爱思唯尔出版公司(Elsevier),1980)或通过SuperdexTM75管柱凝胶过滤层析(法玛西亚生物技术公司(Pharmacia Biotech AB),乌普萨拉(Uppsala),瑞典(Sweden))来进一步纯化。
7.5.药物组合物
本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体可呈组合物形式,这些组合物包含抗体及一种或多种运载体、赋形剂和/或稀释剂。组合物可经配制用于特定用途,例如用于兽医用途或人类中的药物用途。组合物的形式(例如干粉、液体配制品等)和使用的赋形剂、稀释剂和/或运载体将取决于ADC的预期用途,以及针对治疗用途的给药方式。
对于治疗性用途,组合物可作为包括药学上可接受的运载体的无菌、药物组合物的一部分来提供。此组合物可以呈任何合适的形式(取决于将其施用于患者的所需方法)。药物组合物可通过多种途径施用于患者,例如口服、透皮、皮下、鼻内、静脉内、肌肉内、肿瘤内、鞘内、局部(topically)或局部(locally)。在任何给定情况下的最合适施用途径将视特定抗体、受试者、及疾病的性质与严重程度以及受试者的生理条件而定。通常,药物组合物将经静脉内或皮下施用。
药物组合物可宜以每剂量含有预定量的本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体的单位剂量形式存在。包括于单位剂量中的抗PD-1抗体的数量将视所治疗的疾病以及如本领域中所熟知的其他因素而定。此类单位剂量可呈含有适合于单次施用的一定量的抗体的冻干干粉形式,或呈液体形式。干燥粉末单位剂型可包装于具有注射器、适宜量的稀释剂和/或可用于施用的其他组分的套组中。呈液态形式的单位剂量可宜呈预填有适合于单次施用的一定量的抗PD-1抗体的注射器形式来提供。
药物组合物还可呈含有适合于多次施用的一定量的抗PD-1抗体的块体形式来提供。
可通过使具有所需纯度的抗体与任选地选用的本领域中通常采用的药学上可接受的运载体、赋形剂或稳定剂(以上所有在均本文中均被称为“运载体”),即,缓冲剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、离子等张剂、非离子清洁剂、抗氧化剂及其他混杂添加剂混合来制备用于储存为冻干配制品或水溶液的药物组合物。参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences[雷明顿药物科学],第16版(Osol编辑,1980)。这些添加剂在所采用剂量及浓度下必须对接受者无毒。
缓冲剂有助于将pH保持在接近生理条件的范围内。其可在广泛多种浓度下存在,但应通常以介于约2mM至约50mM范围内的浓度存在。适用于与本披露一起使用的缓冲剂包括有机酸和无机酸两者及其盐,如柠檬酸盐缓冲液(例如,柠檬酸一钠-柠檬酸二钠混合物、柠檬酸-柠檬酸三钠混合物、柠檬酸-柠檬酸一钠混合物等)、琥珀酸盐缓冲液(例如,琥珀酸-琥珀酸一钠混合物、琥珀酸-氢氧化钠混合物、琥珀酸-琥珀酸二钠混合物等)、酒石酸盐缓冲液(例如,酒石酸-酒石酸钠混合物、酒石酸-酒石酸钾混合物、酒石酸-氢氧化钠混合物等)、富马酸盐缓冲液(例如,富马酸-富马酸一钠混合物、富马酸-富马酸二钠混合物、富马酸一钠-富马酸二钠混合物等)、葡糖酸盐缓冲液(例如,葡糖酸-葡糖酸钠混合物、葡糖酸-氢氧化钠混合物、葡糖酸-葡糖酸钾混合物等)、草酸盐缓冲液(例如,草酸-草酸钠混合物、草酸-氢氧化钠混合物、草酸-草酸钾混合物等)、乳酸盐缓冲液(例如,乳酸-乳酸钠混合物、乳酸-氢氧化钾混合物、乳酸-乳酸钾混合物等)以及乙酸盐缓冲液(例如,乙酸-乙酸钠混合物、乙酸-氢氧化钠混合物等)。另外,可使用富马酸盐缓冲液、组氨酸缓冲液及三甲胺盐,诸如,2-氨基-2-羟甲基-丙-1,3-二醇(即,Tris、THAM或三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷)。
可以添加有时被称为“稳定剂”的等渗剂以确保本披露的液体组合物的等渗性,并且等渗剂包括多羟基糖醇,例如三羟基糖醇或更高级糖醇,如甘油、赤藓糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、木糖醇、山梨糖醇和甘露糖醇。稳定剂是指广泛类型的赋形剂,其就功能而言范围从膨胀剂到溶解治疗剂或者有助于防止变性或粘附到容器壁的添加剂。典型的稳定剂可以是多羟基糖醇(上面列举的);氨基酸(如精氨酸、赖氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、丙氨酸、鸟氨酸、L-亮氨酸、2-苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸等)、有机糖或糖醇(如乳糖、海藻糖、水苏糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、核糖醇、肌醇、半乳糖醇)、甘油等,包括环多醇(如肌醇);聚乙二醇;氨基酸聚合物;含硫还原剂,诸如,尿素、谷胱甘肽、硫辛酸、硫乙醇酸钠、硫代甘油、α-单硫代甘油及硫代硫酸钠;低分子量多肽(例如,具有10个残基或更少残基的肽);亲水性聚合物,诸如,聚乙烯吡咯啶酮单糖,诸如木糖、甘露糖、果糖、葡萄糖;双糖,诸如,乳糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖及海藻糖;及三糖,诸如,棉子糖;以及多糖如右旋糖酐。稳定剂可以介于每重量的抗PD-1抗体0.5重量%至10重量%范围内的量存在。
可以添加非离子表面活性剂或洗涤剂(也称为“润湿剂”)以帮助溶解糖蛋白以及保护糖蛋白对抗搅拌引起的聚集,这也允许配制品暴露于剪切表面应力而不引起蛋白质的变性。合适非离子表面活性剂包括聚山梨醇酯(20、80等)、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)(184、188等)及普洛尼克(pluronic)多元醇。非离子表面活性剂可以约0.05mg/mL至约1.0mg/mL的范围存在。
适合于经由静脉内输注施用的水性组合物的具体例示性实施例包含20mg/mL的抗PD-1抗体(包含SEQ ID NO:51或SEQ ID NO:52的重链序列和SEQ ID NO:61的轻链序列)、15mM组氨酸(pH 5.7)、8.0%(w/v)蔗糖及0.05%(w/v)聚山梨醇酯80。组合物可呈冻干粉末形式,该冻干粉末在用无菌水或其他适合于注射或输注的溶液(例如,0.9%盐水、林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution)、乳酸化林格氏溶液等)复水后,提供上文水性组合物。组合物或其他实施例的组合物还可呈预填有一定量的适合于单次施用抗PD-1抗体的组合物的注射器或其他适合于注射和/或输注的器件形式。
7.6.使用方法
7.6.1.治疗益处
本文所提供的数据表明,所披露的抗PD-1抗体在癌细胞存在下拮抗PD-1,并且在体内对癌症(诸如,实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤)发挥有效的抗癌活性。因此,抗PD-1抗体、结合片段和/或包含抗PD-1抗体的药物组合物可以治疗性地用于治疗实体瘤或血液恶性肿瘤。
在一些实施例中,该方法涉及向具有实体瘤的人类患者施用一定量的拮抗PD-1的抗PD-1抗体,并以有效提供治疗益处的速率杀死肿瘤细胞。可用抗PD-1抗体治疗的实体瘤包括但不限于:肾上腺癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、脑癌、乳腺癌(例如三阴性乳腺癌)、子宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管癌、眼癌、胃癌、头颈癌、肾脏癌(例如晚期肾细胞癌)、肝癌(如肝细胞癌,胆管癌)、肺癌(例如,非小细胞肺癌、间皮瘤、小细胞肺癌)、头颈癌、黑色素瘤(例如,不可切除或转移性黑色素瘤、晚期恶性黑色素瘤)、口腔癌、卵巢癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌(例如,梅克尔细胞癌)、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、子宫癌、阴道癌、以及具有DNA错配修复缺陷证据的肿瘤。癌症可由表达PD-L1或PD-L2的肿瘤细胞组成、癌症可由不表达PD-L1或PD-L2的肿瘤细胞组成、或癌症可由其中一些表达PD-L1或PD-L2且其中一些不表达PD-L1或PD-L2的肿瘤细胞组成。癌症可为最新诊断的且未经治疗,或可为复发的、难治性、或复发及难治性、或转移性形式的实体瘤。在一些实施例中,实体瘤是选自膀胱癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、肾脏癌、肺癌、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和胃癌。在一些实施例中,实体瘤是选自:黑色素瘤(例如,不可切除或转移性黑色素瘤)、肺癌(例如,非小细胞肺癌)和肾细胞癌(例如,晚期肾细胞癌)。在一些实施例中,实体瘤是选自三阴性乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、小细胞肺癌、间皮瘤、胆管癌、梅克尔细胞癌以及具有DNA错配修复缺陷证据的肿瘤。在某些实施例中,黑色素瘤是BRAF V600野生型不可切除或转移性黑色素瘤。在其他某些实施例中,黑色素瘤是BRAF V600突变阳性不可切除或转移性黑色素瘤。在某些实施例中,肺癌是转移性非小细胞肺癌,其进展发生在基于铂的化学疗法时或之后。在某些实施例中,肺癌是局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌,基于铂的疗法对其无效并且未经PD-1靶向剂治疗。在某些实施例中,头颈癌是口腔、口咽、下咽和喉部的转移性(播散性)头颈部鳞状细胞癌,其被认为是通过局部疗法无法治愈的。在某些实施例中,肾细胞癌是先前接受过抗血管生成疗法的晚期肾细胞癌。
在一些实施例中,本发明的方法涉及向具有血液恶性肿瘤的人类患者施用一定量的拮抗PD-1的抗PD-1抗体,并以有效提供治疗益处的速率杀死恶性细胞。癌症可由表达PD-L1或PD-L2的恶性细胞组成、癌症可由不表达PD-L1或PD-L2的恶性细胞组成、或癌症可由其中一些表达PD-L1或PD-L2且其中一些不表达PD-L1或PD-L2的恶性细胞组成。癌症可为最新诊断的且未经治疗,或可为复发的、难治性、或复发及难治性、或转移性形式的血液恶性肿瘤。可用抗PD-1抗体治疗的血源性恶性肿瘤包括但不限于:骨髓瘤(例如,多发性骨髓瘤)、淋巴瘤(例如,霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症(macroglobulinemia)、套细胞淋巴瘤)、白血病(例如,慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性髓性白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病)和骨髓增生异常综合征。
如上文所论述,本文披露的抗PD-1抗体调节免疫反应。因此,可将具有受损的免疫系统的患者从治疗中排除。在一些实施例中,在满足以下准则中的一个或多个后排除患者:(1)在过去2年内有活性或先前记载的自体免疫疾病(包括但不限于发炎性肠病、乳糜泻、韦格纳症候群(Wegener syndrome))。(不排除患有儿童期特异性或气喘、白斑病、脱发、桥本氏症候群(Hashimoto syndrome)、葛雷夫斯氏病(Grave’s disease)或无需全身治疗的牛皮癣(在过去2年内)的受试者);(2)原发性免疫缺失、骨髓移植、慢性淋巴球性白血病、实体器官移植或结核症的先前临床诊断的病史;(3)凝血病变或血小板病症的病史;(4)针对人类免疫缺失病毒(HIV)的确认的阳性测试结果、或患有慢性或活性乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎的受试者。(具有乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎的病史且已记载在抗病毒疗法后治愈的受试者可入选);(5)在接受免疫疗法(包括但不限于针对CTLA-4、PD-L1或PD-1的药剂)时先前等级≥3的免疫介导的神经毒性或肺炎。另外,在接受免疫疗法时在3个月内未消退或无症状的任何其他先前等级≥3的免疫介导的不良事件;(6)在抗PD-1抗体的第一剂量之前的28天内接受活的、减毒疫苗。
本发明的抗PD-1抗体可单独施用(单药疗法)或辅助其他抗癌疗法和/或靶向或非靶向抗癌剂,或与其他抗癌疗法和/或靶向或非靶向抗癌剂一起施用。当作为抗PD-1单药疗法施用时,可以使用一种或多种抗体。无论是作为单药疗法施用或辅助其他疗法或药剂,或与其他疗法或药剂一起施用,施用一定量的抗PD-1抗体使得整体治疗方案提供治疗益处。
治疗益处意指,与无疗法(当适当时)或已知护理标准相比,使用抗PD-1抗体以治疗患者体内的癌症,产生任何经证实的临床益处。临床益处可通过普通技术人员已知的任何方法来评价。在一个实施例中,临床益处是基于客观反应率(ORR)(使用RECIST型式1.1测定)、反应的持续时间(DOR)、无进展存活(PFS)和/或整体存活(OS)来评价。在一些实施例中,完全反应指示治疗益处。在一些实施例中,部分反应指示治疗益处。在一些实施例中,稳定的疾病指示治疗益处。在一些实施例中,整体存活增加指示治疗益处。在一些实施例中,治疗益处可在于疾病进展时间改良和/或症状或生活质量改良。在其他实施例中,治疗益处可不转化成疾病控制的时段增加,而是转化成症状负荷显著减少,从而产生改良的生活质量。如对本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是,治疗益处可使用单独抗PD-1抗体(单药疗法)或辅助其他抗癌疗法和/或靶向或非靶向抗癌剂,或与其他抗癌疗法和/或靶向或非靶向抗癌剂一起来观察。
通常,治疗益处是使用经设计以量测新治疗针对癌症的反应的标准临床测试来评定。为评价本文所述抗PD-1抗体的治疗益处,可使用以下测试中的一种或组合:(1)实体瘤中的反应评估准则(RECIST)版本1.1,(2)免疫相关的RECIST(irRECIST),(3)美国东岸癌症临床研究合作组织(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)体能状态,(4)免疫相关的反应准则(irRC),(5)可通过评价肿瘤抗原评估的疾病,(6)验证的患者报告结果量表,和/或(7)针对整体存活及无进展存活的卡普兰-迈耶估计值。
肿瘤负荷改变的评定是癌症疗法的临床评价的重要特征。肿瘤收缩(客观反应)及发生疾病进展的时间是癌症临床试验中的重要终点。标准化反应准则(称作RECIST(实体瘤中的反应评估准则))于2000年公开。更新(RECIST 1.1)于2009年发布。RECIST准则通常用于客观反应是主要研究终点的临床试验、以及进行稳定疾病、肿瘤进展或至进展分析的时间的评价(因为这些结果量度是基于解剖学肿瘤负荷及其在实验过程内的变化的评价)的实验中。表4提供用于测定研究药物(诸如,本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体)的目标肿瘤反应的反应准则的定义。
可用于测定本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体的治疗益处的二级结果量测包括:客观反应率(ORR)、无进展存活(PFS)、整体存活(OS)、整体反应持续时间(DOR)及反应深度(DpR)。ORR定义为实现完全反应(CR)或部分反应(PR)的参与者的比例。PFS被定义为自抗PD-1抗体的第一次给药日至疾病进展或死亡(以先发生者为准)的时间。OS被定义为自诊断之日或针对疾病的治疗开始起诊断具有疾病的患者仍存活的时间长度。DOR被定义为自参与者的初始CR或PR至疾病进展的时间的时间。DpR定义为与基线肿瘤负荷相比在最大反应点观察到的肿瘤收缩的百分比。ORR及PFS二者的临床终点可基于上述RECIST 1.1准则来测定。
可用于对经历免疫疗法治疗的癌症患者具有特异性的临床评估的额外准则包括标准化免疫相关的RECIST(irRECIST)准则。参见,例如,Nishino,M.等人,Eur.J.Radiol.[欧洲放射学杂志],84(7),第1259-1268页(2015年7月)。这些指南改良上述RECIST 1.1准则,同时考虑潜在免疫调节性效应。表5提供用于测定免疫调节药物(诸如,本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体)的目标肿瘤反应的反应准则的定义。
将表6中所示的ECOG体能状态量表用于描述患者在其自身照顾能力、日常活动和体能方面的功能水平。量表是由美国东岸癌症临床研究合作组织(ECOG)(现为ECOG-ACRIN癌症研究组的部分)研发且于1982年公开。
可用于完全表征及测定针对免疫治疗剂的反应(诸如,基于抗体的癌症疗法)的另一组准则是免疫相关反应准则(irRC),该准则是针对实体瘤的量测在2009年研发,且在2013年更新(Wolchok,等人,Clin.Cancer Res.[临床癌症研究]2009;15(23):7412-7420及Nishino等人,Clin.Cancer Res.[临床癌症研究]2013;19(14):3936-3943)。经更新irRC准则通常用于评估免疫治疗剂(诸如,本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体)对于肿瘤负荷的效果,且根据表7定义反应。
可用于评价本文所述的抗PD-1抗体的治疗益处的肿瘤抗原包括ApoE、Cd11c、CD40、CD45(PTPRC)、CD49D(ITGA4)、CD80、CSF1R、CTSD、GZMB、Ly86、MS4A7、PIK3AP1、PIK3CD、CD74、CCL5、CCR5、CXCL10、IFNG、IL10RA1、IL-6、ACTA2、COL7A1、LOX、LRRC15、MCPT8、MMP10、NOG、SERPINE1、STAT1、TGFBR1、CTSS、PGF、VEGFA、C1QA、C1QB、ANGPTL4、EGLN、ANGPTL4、EGLN3、BNIP3、AIF1、CCL5、CXCL10、CXCL11、IFI6、PLOD2、KISS1R、STC2、DDIT4、OX40、OX40L、PFKFB3、PGK1、PDK1、AKR1C1、AKR1C2、CADM1、CDH11、COL6A3、CTGF、HMOX1、KRT33A、LUM、WNT5A、IGFBP3、MMP14、CDCP1、PDGFRA、TCF4、TGF、TGFB1、TGFB2、CD11b、ADGRE1(EMR1、F4/80)、CD86、CD68、MHC-II类、CD3、HLA-DR、CD4、CD3、CD5、CD19、CD7、CD8、CD16、TCRαβ、TCRγδ、PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、酸性磷酸酶、ACTH、碱性磷酸酶、甲胎蛋白CA-125、CA15-3、CA19-9、CA-195、C-212、CA-549、降钙素、儿茶酚胺、组织蛋白酶-D、CEA、ERBB2(HER2/neu)、嗜铬粒蛋白-A、c-Myc、EGFR、ERA(雌激素受体测定)、铁蛋白、胃泌素、5-HIAA、hCG、α-HCG、β-HCG、HVA、LDH1-5、NSE(神经元特异性烯醇化酶)、胰多肽、PLAP、PLP、PRA(孕酮受体A)、胰岛素原C-肽、PSA、SMA、SCC、甲状腺球蛋白、TDT、TPA和α-TSH。可以使用如本领域专家已知的DNA测序技术、RNA测序技术、基因芯片微阵列、基于PCR的方法、流式细胞术或免疫组织化学方法在DNA、RNA或蛋白质水平上评估这些肿瘤抗原。
由使用本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体治疗实体瘤(无论是作为单药疗法施用或辅助其他疗法或药剂,或与其他疗法或药剂一起施用)产生的一个例示性治疗益处为完全反应。由使用本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体治疗实体瘤(无论是作为单药疗法施用或辅助其他疗法或药剂,或与其他疗法或药剂一起施用)产生的另一例示性治疗益处为部分反应。
经验证患者报导结果量表还可用于指由各患者经由特定报导系统提供的反应。并不集中于疾病,这些结果量表涉及在管控慢性病况的同时保留功能。验证的患者报告结果量表的一个非限制性实例是来自美国国立卫生研究院的(患者报告结果量测信息系统)。例如,成人癌症患者的身体功能仪器可评估上肢(例如,灵巧性)、下肢(例如,步行或移动)及中央区(例如,颈、背移动性)的功能的自我报告能力,且包括日常活动,例如跑步任务。
卡普兰-迈耶曲线(Kaplan及Meier,J.Am.Stat.Assoc.[美国统计学会杂志]1958;53(282):457-481)还可用于估计经历抗PD-1抗体疗法的癌症患者相比于标准护理法的整体存活及无进展存活。
7.6.2.辅助疗法
抗PD-1抗体可用于辅助具有抗癌特性的其他药剂或治疗法或与其一起使用。当辅助使用时,抗PD-1抗体及一种或多种其他药剂可共同配制成单一的组合药物配制品,或可在单一协同给药方案上或在不同给药方案上分开配制及施用。辅助抗PD-1抗体或与其一起施用的药剂通常具有针对抗PD-1抗体的互补活性,使得抗体与其他药剂彼此没有不利影响。
可以与抗PD-1抗体辅助使用的药剂包括但不限于烷化剂、血管生成抑制剂、抗体、抗代谢物、抗有丝分裂剂、抗增生剂、抗病毒剂、极光激酶抑制剂、细胞凋亡促进剂(例如,Bcl-2家族抑制剂)、死亡受体途径活化剂、Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂、BiTE(双特异性T细胞接合剂)抗体、抗体药物偶联物、生物反应调节剂、布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(Bruton’s tyrosinekinase,BTK)抑制剂、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂、环氧合酶-2抑制剂、DVD、白血病病毒致癌基因同系物(ErbB2)受体抑制剂、生长因子抑制剂、热休克蛋白(HSP)-90抑制剂、组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂、激素疗法、免疫剂、细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂(IAP)、嵌入抗生素、激酶抑制剂、驱动蛋白抑制剂、Jak2抑制剂、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标抑制剂、微小RNA、有丝分裂原活化的细胞外信号调节的激酶抑制剂、多价结合蛋白、非甾体抗-炎药(NSAID)、聚ADP(二磷酸腺苷)-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂、铂化学疗法、polo样激酶(Plk)抑制剂、磷酸肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、嘌呤类似物、嘧啶类似物、受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、类视黄醇/德尔托伊德(deltoid)、植物生物碱、小抑制性核糖核酸(siRNA)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、泛素连接酶抑制剂等、以及这些药剂中的一种或多种的组合。
BiTE抗体是通过同时结合两种细胞来引导T细胞攻击癌细胞的双特异性抗体。然后T细胞攻击靶癌细胞。BiTE抗体的实例包括阿德木单抗(adecatumumab)(MicrometMT201)、布尔莫单抗(blinatumomab)(Micromet MT103)等。不受理论限制,T细胞引发靶癌细胞凋亡的机制之一是细胞溶解性颗粒组分(其包括穿孔素和颗粒酶B)的胞吐作用。
siRNA是具有内源性RNA碱基或经化学修饰的核苷酸的分子。所述修饰不会消除细胞活性,反而可赋予增强的稳定性和/或增加的细胞效力。化学修饰的实例包括硫代磷酸酯基、2’-脱氧核苷酸、含有2’-OCH3的核糖核苷酸、2’-F-核糖核苷酸、2’-甲氧基乙基核糖核苷酸、其组合等。siRNA可以具有不同长度(例如,10-200bp)和结构(例如,发夹、单/双链、凸起、切口/缺口、错配)并且在细胞中被加工以提供活性基因沉默。双链siRNA(dsRNA)可以在各链上具有相同数目的核苷酸(钝端)或具有不对称末端(突出端)。具有1-2个核苷酸的突出端可以存在于有义链和/或反义链上、以及存在于给定链的5’-端和/或3’-端。
多价结合蛋白是包含两个或更多个抗原结合位点的结合蛋白。多价结合蛋白被工程化以具有三个或更多个抗原结合位点并且通常不是天然存在的抗体。术语“多特异性结合蛋白”意指能够结合两种或更多种相关或不相关靶标的结合蛋白。双可变域(DVD)结合蛋白是包含两个或更多个抗原结合位点的四价或多价结合蛋白。此类DVD可以是单特异性的(即,能够结合一种抗原)或多特异性的(即,能够结合两种或更多种抗原)。包含两种重链DVD多肽和两种轻链DVD多肽的DVD结合蛋白被称作DVD Ig。DVD Ig的每一半都包含一种重链DVD多肽、一种轻链DVD多肽以及两个抗原结合位点。各结合位点包含重链可变域及轻链可变域,且每抗原结合位点在抗原结合时涉及总共6个CDR。
烷化剂包括但不限于六甲蜜胺、AMD-473、AP-5280、阿帕兹醌(apaziquone)、苯达莫司汀、布洛利辛(brostallicin)、白消安、卡波醌、卡莫司汀(BCNU)、苯丁酸氮芥、(拉莫司汀(laromustine)、VNP 40101M)、环磷酰胺、达卡巴嗪、雌莫司汀、福莫司汀、葡磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、KW-2170、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、马磷酰胺、美法仑、二溴甘露醇、二溴卫矛醇、尼莫司汀、氮芥N-氧化物、雷莫司汀、替莫唑胺、噻替派、(苯达莫司汀)、苏消安、以及曲磷胺。
血管生成抑制剂包括但不限于内皮-特异性受体酪氨酸激酶(Tie-2)抑制剂、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGF)抑制剂、δ样配体4(DLL4)抑制剂、胰岛素生长因子-2受体(IGFR-2)抑制剂、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)抑制剂、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)抑制剂、血小板衍生的生长因子受体(PDGFR)抑制剂、血小板反应蛋白类似物、以及血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶(VEGFR)抑制剂。
抗体药物偶联物包括但不限于靶向c-Met激酶(例如,描述于美国专利号7,615,529的ADC)、LRRC15、CD30(例如,(本妥昔单抗(brentuximab vedotin)))、CS1(例如,描述于美国公开号20160122430的ADC)、DLL3(例如,罗武匹妥珠-特西林(rovalpituzumab tesirine)(ROVA-T))、HER2(例如,(曲妥珠单抗恩他新(trastuzumab emtansine)))、EGFR(例如,描述于美国公开号20150337042的ADC)、以及催乳素受体(例如,描述于美国公开号20140227294的ADC)的那些。
抗代谢物包括但不限于(培美曲塞二钠,LY231514,MTA)、5-阿扎胞苷、(卡培他滨)、卡莫氟、(克拉屈滨)、氯法拉滨、阿糖胞苷、阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸盐、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、地西他滨、去铁胺、去氧氟尿苷、依氟鸟氨酸(eflornithine)、EICAR(5-乙炔基-1-β-D-呋喃核糖基咪唑-4-甲酰胺)、依诺他滨、乙炔胞苷(ethnylcytidine)、氟达拉滨、单独或与甲酰四氢叶酸组合的5-氟尿嘧啶、(吉西他滨)、羟基脲、(美法仑)、巯基嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤核苷、甲胺喋呤、霉酚酸、奈拉滨、诺拉曲特、十八烷基磷酸盐、培利曲索(pelitrexol)、喷司他汀、雷替曲塞、病毒唑、三安平(triapine)、三甲曲沙、S-1、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、替加氟、TS-1、阿糖腺苷、以及UFT。
抗病毒剂包括但不限于利托那韦、阿昔洛韦、西多福韦、更昔洛韦、膦甲酸、齐多夫定、病毒唑和羟氯喹。
极光激酶抑制剂包括但不限于ABT-348、AZD-1152、MLN-8054、VX-680、极光A特异性激酶抑制剂、极光B特异性激酶抑制剂以及全极光激酶抑制剂。
Bcl-2蛋白抑制剂包括但不限于ABT-263(navitoclax)、AT-101((-)棉子酚)、(G3139或奥利默森(oblimersen))(靶向Bcl-2的反义寡核苷酸)、IPI-194、IPI-565、N-(4-(4-((4’-氯(1,1’-联苯)-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基)-3-硝基苯磺酰胺)、N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-环己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(吗啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基)-3-((三氟甲基)磺酰基)苯磺酰胺、温托克拉(venetoclax)以及GX-070(奥巴克拉(obatoclax))。
Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂包括但不限于(BMS-354825)和(伊马替尼)。
BTK抑制剂包括但不限于依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)和阿卡拉如替尼(acalabrutinib)。
CDK抑制剂包括但不限于AZD-5438、BMI-1040、BMS-032、BMS-387、CVT-2584、夫拉平度、GPC-286199、MCS-5A、PD0332991、PHA-690509、塞利西利(CYC-202、R-roscovitine)、以及ZK-304709。
COX-2抑制剂包括但不限于ABT-963、(依托考昔)、(伐地考昔)、BMS347070、(塞来昔布)、COX-189(罗美昔布)、CT-3、(地拉考昔)、JTE-522、4-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-1-(4-氨磺酰基苯基-1H-吡咯)、MK-663(依托考昔)、NS-398、帕瑞考昔、RS-57067、SC-58125、SD-8381、SVT-2016、S-2474、T-614、以及(罗非考昔)。
EGFR抑制剂包括但不限于ABX-EGF、抗EGFR免疫脂质体、EGF疫苗、EMD-7200、(西妥昔单抗)、HR3、IgA抗体、(吉非替尼)、(埃罗替尼或OSI-774)、(奥斯替尼(osimertinib))、TP-38、EGFR融合蛋白、以及(拉帕替尼)。
ErbB2受体抑制剂包括但不限于CP-724-714、CI-1033(卡那替尼)、(曲妥珠单抗)、(拉帕替尼)、(2C4,帕妥珠单抗)、TAK-165、GW-572016(洛那法尼(ionafarnib))、GW-282974、EKB-569、PI-166、dHER2(HER2疫苗)、APC-8024(HER-2疫苗)、抗HER/2neu双特异性抗体、B7.her2IgG3、AS HER2三功能双特异性抗体、mAB AR-209、以及mAB 2B-1。
组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂包括但不限于缩酚酸肽、LAQ-824、MS-275、曲普欣(trapoxin)、辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)、TSA、以及丙戊酸。
HSP-90抑制剂包括但不限于17-AAG-nab、17-AAG、CNF-101、CNF-1010、CNF-2024、17-DMAG、格尔德霉素、IPI-504、KOS-953、(针对HSP-90的人重组抗体)、NCS-683664、PU24FCl、PU-3、根赤壳菌素、SNX-2112、STA-9090、以及VER49009。
细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂包括但不限于HGS1029、GDC-0145、GDC-0152、LCL-161、以及LBW-242。
死亡受体途径活化剂包括但不限于TRAIL,靶向TRAIL或死亡受体(例如DR4和DR5)的抗体或其他药剂,诸如阿扑单抗(Apomab)、可那木单抗(conatumumab)、ETR2-ST01、GDC0145(来沙木单抗)、HGS-1029、LBY-135、PRO-1762以及曲妥珠单抗。
驱动蛋白抑制剂包括但不限于Eg5抑制剂,诸如AZD4877、ARRY-520;以及CENPE抑制剂,诸如GSK923295A。
JAK-2抑制剂包括但不限于CEP-701(来他替尼(lesaurtinib))、XL019和INCB018424。
MEK抑制剂包括但不限于ARRY-142886、ARRY-438162、PD-325901、以及PD-98059。
mTOR抑制剂包括但不限于AP-23573、CCI-779、依维莫司、RAD-001、雷帕霉素、西罗莫司(temsirolimus)、ATP竞争性TORC1/TORC2抑制剂(包括PI-103、PP242、PP30和Torin1)。
非甾体抗炎药包括但不限于(双水杨酯)、(二氟尼柳)、(布洛芬)、(酮洛芬)、(萘丁美酮)、(吡罗昔康)、布洛芬乳膏、(萘普生)和(萘普生)、(双氯芬酸)、(吲哚美辛)、(舒林酸)、(托美汀)、(依托度酸)、(酮咯酸)、以及(奥沙普秦)。
PDGFR抑制剂包括但不限于C-451、CP-673和CP-868596。
铂化学治疗剂包括但不限于顺铂、(奥沙利铂)、依铂、洛铂、奈达铂、(卡铂)、赛特铂和吡铂。
Polo样激酶抑制剂包括但不限于BI-2536。
磷酸肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)抑制剂包括但不限于渥曼青霉素、LY294002、XL-147、CAL-120、ONC-21、AEZS-127、ETP-45658、PX-866、GDC-0941、BGT226、BEZ235、以及XL765。
血小板反应蛋白类似物包括但不限于ABT-510、ABT-567、ABT-898、以及TSP-1。
VEGFR抑制剂包括但不限于ABT-869、AEE-788、ANGIOZYMETM(抑制血管生成的核酶(核酶制药公司(Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals)(博尔德(Boulder),科罗拉多州(CO))和凯龙公司(Chiron)(埃默里维尔(Emeryville),加利福尼亚州))、阿西替尼(AG-13736)、AZD-2171、CP-547,632、(雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、IM-862、(哌加他尼)、(索拉非尼,BAY43-9006)、帕唑帕尼(GW-786034)、伐他拉尼(PTK-787,ZK-222584)、(舒尼替尼,SU-11248)、(瑞格非尼)、VEGF trap、以及ZACTIMATM(凡德他尼,ZD-6474)。
抗生素包括但不限于嵌入抗生素阿柔比星、放线菌素D、氨柔比星、脂质体蒽环霉素(annamycin)、阿霉素、(博莱霉素)、柔红霉素、或(脂质体多柔比星)、依沙芦星(elsamitrucin)、表柔比星(epirbucin)、格拉比星(glarbuicin)、(伊达比星)、丝裂霉素C、奈莫柔比星、新制癌菌素、培洛霉素、吡柔比星、蝴蝶霉素、司替拉姆(stimalamer)、链脲霉素、(戊柔比星)、以及净司他汀。
拓扑异构酶抑制剂包括但不限于阿柔比星、9-氨基喜树碱、氨萘非特、安吖啶、贝克咔啉(becatecarin)、贝洛替康(belotecan)、BN-80915、(盐酸伊立替康)、喜树碱、(右雷佐生(dexrazoxine))、二氟替康、艾特咔啉(edotecarin)、或(表柔比星)、依托泊苷、依喜替康(exatecan)、10-羟基喜树碱、吉马替康、勒托替康、米托蒽醌、OnivydeTM(脂质体伊立替康)、奥拉塞星(orathecin)、吡柔比星(pirarbucin)、匹克生琼、卢比替康、索布佐生、SN-38、他弗泊苷(tafluposide)、以及拓扑替康。
抗体包括但不限于(贝伐单抗)、CD40特异性抗体、chTNT-1/B、地诺单抗、(西妥昔单抗)、(扎木单抗(zanolimumab))、IGF1R特异性抗体、林妥珠单抗、OX-40特异性抗体、(依决洛单抗)、(WX G250)、(利妥昔单抗)、替西木单抗(ticilimumab)、曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、(帕尼单抗)以及I型和II型CD20抗体。
激素疗法包括但不限于(阿那曲唑)、(依西美坦)、阿佐昔芬、(比卡鲁胺)、(西曲瑞克)、地加瑞克、地洛瑞林、(曲洛司坦)、地塞米松、(氟他胺)、(雷洛昔芬)、AFEMATM(法屈唑)、(托瑞米芬)、(氟维司群)、(来曲唑)、福美司坦、糖皮质激素、(度骨化醇)、(碳酸司维拉姆)、拉索昔芬、醋酸亮丙瑞林、(甲地孕酮(megesterol))、(米非司酮)、NILANDRONTM(尼鲁米特)、(柠檬酸他莫昔芬)、PLENAXISTM(阿巴瑞克)、强的松、(非那雄胺)、瑞洛司坦、(布舍瑞林)、(促黄体激素释放激素(LHRH))、(组氨瑞林植入物)、(曲洛司坦或莫达司坦)、以及(伏司瑞林,戈舍瑞林)。
德尔托伊德和类视黄醇包括但不限于西奥骨化醇(EB1089、CB1093)、来沙骨化醇(lexacalcitrol)(KH1060)、芬维A胺(fenretinide)、(阿利维A酸(aliretinoin))、(脂质体维甲酸)、(贝沙罗汀)、以及LGD-1550。
PARP抑制剂包括但不限于ABT-888(维利帕尼)、KU-59436、AZD-2281(奥拉帕尼)、AG-014699(卢卡帕尼)、MK4827(尼拉帕尼)、BMN-673(他拉唑帕尼)、伊尼帕尼(iniparib)、BSI-201、BGP-15、INO-1001、以及ONO-2231。
植物生物碱包括但不限于长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛、以及长春瑞滨。
蛋白酶体抑制剂包括但不限于(硼替佐米)、(卡非佐米)、MG132、NPI-0052、以及PR-171。
免疫剂的实例包括但不限于干扰素、免疫检查点抑制剂、共刺激剂、以及其他免疫增强剂。干扰素包括干扰素α、干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、干扰素β、干扰素γ-1a、(干扰素γ-1b)或干扰素γ-n1、其组合及类似者。免疫检查点抑制剂包括靶向PD-L1(例如,德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、阿替珠单抗(atezolizumab)、阿维鲁单抗(avelumab)、MEDI4736、MSB0010718C及MPDL3280A)及CTLA4(细胞毒性淋巴细胞抗原4;例如,伊匹单抗、曲美目单抗)的抗体。共刺激剂包括但不限于针对CD3、CD40、CD40L、CD27、CD28、CSF1R、CD137(例如尤瑞单抗(urelumab))、B7H1、GITR、ICOS、CD80、CD86、OX40、OX40L、CD70、HLA-DR、LIGHT、LIGHT-R、TIM3、A2AR、NKG2A、KIR(例如利瑞单抗(lirilumab))、TGF-β(例如夫苏木单抗(fresolimumab))的抗体及其组合。
其他药剂包括但不限于(IFN-α)、BAM-002(氧化型谷胱甘肽)、(他索纳明)、(托西莫单抗)、(阿仑单抗)、达卡巴嗪、地尼白介素(denileukin)、依帕珠单抗、(来格司亭)、香菇多糖、白细胞α干扰素、咪喹莫特、黑色素瘤疫苗、米妥莫单抗(mitumomab)、莫拉司亭、MYLOTARGTM(吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星)、(非格司亭)、OncoVAC-CL、(奥戈伏单抗(oregovomab))、潘图莫单抗(pemtumomab)(Y-muHMFG1)、(西普鲁塞-T(sipuleucel-T))、沙格司亭(sargaramostim)、裂裥多糖(sizofilan)、替西白介素、(卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin))、乌苯美司、(免疫治疗剂,洛斯制药公司(Lorus Pharmaceuticals))、Z-100(丸山特异性物质(Specific Substance ofMaruyama,SSM))、WF-10(四氯十氧化物(TCDO))、(阿地白介素)、(胸腺法新)、(达利珠单抗高产方法)、以及(90Y-替伊莫单抗(90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan))。
生物反应调节剂是调节活生物体的防御机制或组织细胞的生物反应(如存活、生长或分化)以指导其具有抗肿瘤活性的药剂,并且包括但不限于云芝多糖、香菇多糖、西佐喃、毕西巴尼(picibanil)、PF-3512676(CpG-8954)、以及乌苯美司。
嘧啶类似物包括但不限于阿糖胞苷(ara C或阿拉伯糖苷C)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、去氧氟尿苷、(氟达拉滨)、5-FU(5-氟尿嘧啶)、氟尿苷、(吉西他滨)、(雷替曲塞(ratitrexed))、以及TROXATYLTM(三乙酰尿苷曲沙他滨)。
嘌呤类似物包括但不限于(硫鸟嘌呤)和(巯基嘌呤)。
抗有丝分裂剂包括但不限于巴他布林(batabulin)、埃博霉素D(KOS-862)、N-(2-((4-羟基苯基)氨基)吡啶-3-基)-4-甲氧基苯磺酰胺、伊沙匹隆(BMS 247550)、(紫杉醇)、(多西他赛)、PNU100940(109881)、帕妥匹隆(patupilone)、XRP-9881(拉洛他赛(larotaxel))、长春氟宁、以及ZK-EPO(合成埃博霉素)。
泛素连接酶抑制剂包括但不限于MDM2抑制剂(如努特林(nutlins))和NEDD8抑制剂(如MLN4924)。
抗PD-1抗体还可用于增强放射疗法的疗效。放射疗法的实例包括外部光束放射疗法、内部放射疗法(即,近接疗法)及全身性放射疗法。
抗PD-1抗体可以辅助其他化学治疗剂或与其施用,所述化学治疗剂是诸如ABRAXANETM(ABI-007)、ABT-100(法呢基转移酶抑制剂)、(Ad5CMV-p53疫苗)、或(洛伐他汀)、(poly I:poly C12U,一种合成RNA)、(依昔舒林)、(帕米膦酸)、阿加来必(arglabin)、L-天冬酰胺酶、阿他美坦(1-甲基-3,17-二酮-雄甾-1,4-二烯)、(他扎罗汀)、AVE-8062(康普瑞汀(combreastatin)衍生物)、BEC2(米妥莫单抗)、恶病质素或恶病质蛋白(cachexin)(肿瘤坏死因子)、康维辛(canvaxin)(疫苗)、(癌症疫苗)、(西莫白介素)、(组胺二盐酸盐)、(人乳头瘤病毒疫苗)、(C:(环磷酰胺),H:(羟基多柔比星),O:长春新碱P:强的松)、CYPATTM(醋酸环丙孕酮)、康普瑞汀A4P、DAB(389)EGF(经由His-Ala接头融合于人类表皮生长因子的白喉毒素的催化和转运结构域)或TransMID-107RTM(白喉毒素)、达卡巴嗪、更生霉素、5,6-二甲基呫吨酮-4-乙酸(DMXAA)、恩尿嘧啶、EVIZONTM(乳酸角鲨胺)、(T4N5脂质体洗剂)、圆皮海绵内酯(discodermolide)、DX-8951f(甲磺酸依喜替康)、恩扎妥林(enzastaurin)、EPO906(埃博霉素B)、(四价人乳头瘤病毒(6、11、16、18型)重组疫苗)、GMK(神经节苷脂偶联疫苗)、(前列腺癌疫苗)、卤夫酮、组氨瑞林、羟基尿素、伊班膦酸、IGN-101、IL-13-PE38、IL-13-PE38QQR(辛曲德开贝舒托(cintredekin besudotox))、IL-13-假单胞菌外毒素、干扰素-α、干扰素-γ、JUNOVANTM或MEPACTTM(米伐木肽(mifamurtide))、洛那法尼、5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸、米替福新(十六烷基磷酸胆碱)、(AE-941)、(葡糖醛酸三甲曲沙)、(喷司他汀)、(核糖核酸酶)、(黑色素瘤疫苗治疗)、(IL-2疫苗)、ORATHECINTM(鲁比替康)、(基于抗体的细胞药物)、MAb(鼠单克隆抗体)、紫杉醇、PANDIMEXTM(来自人参的包含20(S)原人参二醇(aPPD)和20(S)原人参三醇(aPPT)的糖苷配基皂素)、帕尼单抗、-VF(研究性癌症疫苗)、培门冬酶、PEG干扰素A、苯妥帝尔(phenoxodiol)、丙卡巴肼、瑞马司他(rebimastat)、(卡妥索单抗)、(来那度胺)、RSR13(乙丙昔罗(efaproxiral))、LA(兰瑞肽)、(阿曲汀)、星形孢菌素(链霉菌属星状孢子(Streptomyces staurospore))、塔拉司他(talabostat)(PT100)、(贝沙罗汀)、(DHA-紫杉醇)、(坎磷酰胺(canfosfamide),TLK286)、替米利芬(temilifene)、(替莫唑胺)、替米利芬、沙利度胺、(STn-KLH)、赛米他(thymitaq)(2-氨基-3,4-二氢-6-甲基-4-氧代-5-(4-吡啶基硫代)喹唑啉二盐酸盐)、TNFERADETM(腺病毒载体:含有肿瘤坏死因子-α的基因的DNA载体)、或(波生坦)、维甲酸(Retin-A)、粉防己碱、(三氧化二砷)、伍克兰(ukrain)(来自白屈菜植物的生物碱的衍生物)、维他欣(vitaxin)(抗-αvβ3抗体)、(莫特沙芬钆(motexafin gadolinium))、XINLAYTM(阿曲生坦)、XYOTAXTM(聚谷氨酸紫杉醇(paclitaxel poliglumex))、(曲贝替定)、ZD-6126、(右雷佐生)、(唑来膦酸(zolendronic acid))和佐柔比星、以及任何这些药剂的组合。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助靶向c-Met激酶的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗非小细胞肺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、结肠直肠癌或胃癌。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助靶向LRRC15的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗非小细胞肺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、肉瘤、三阴性乳腺癌或黑色素瘤。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助靶向EGFR的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗胶质母细胞瘤。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助靶向CS1的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗血液恶性肿瘤,诸如多发性骨髓瘤。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助靶向DLL3的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗小细胞肺癌或胶质母细胞瘤。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助抗CD40蛋白或与其一起施用,用于治疗头颈癌、肺癌(诸如腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、间皮瘤、小细胞肺癌)、黑色素瘤、卵巢癌或胰腺癌。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助温托克拉(venetoclax)或与其一起施用,用于治疗血液恶性肿瘤,诸如慢性淋巴细胞白血病。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助依鲁替尼或与其一起施用,用于治疗血液恶性肿瘤,诸如慢性淋巴细胞白血病、套细胞淋巴瘤、或瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症、或实体瘤。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助伊匹单抗和靶向c-Met激酶的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗非小细胞肺癌。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体辅助伊匹单抗和靶向LRRC15的抗体-药物偶联物或与其一起施用,用于治疗非小细胞肺癌。
7.7.剂量及施用方案
所施用抗PD-1抗体的量将视各种因素而定,这些因素包括但不限于:所治疗实体瘤的特定类型、所治疗实体瘤的阶段、施用模式、施用频率、所需治疗益处及其他参数(诸如,患者的年龄、体重及其他特征等)。针对特定模式及施用频率的有效提供治疗益处的剂量的测定是在本领域普通技术人员的能力内。
有效提供治疗益处的剂量可首先自活体内动物模型或临床来估计。适于多种多样疾病的动物模型为本领域已知。
本文披露的抗PD-1抗体可利用适合于待治疗的病状的任何途径来施用。在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体为列于表3中的人源化抗体中的任一者。在一个具体实施例中,抗PD-1抗体具有根据SEQ ID NO:51或SEQ ID NO:52的重链及根据SEQ ID NO:61的轻链。抗PD-1抗体通常应非经肠施用,即,输注、皮下、肌内、静脉内(IV)、皮内、鞘内、推注、瘤内注射或硬膜外施用((Shire等人,2004,J.Pharm.Sciences[药物科学杂志]93(6):1390-1402))。在一个实施例中,抗PD-1抗体作为小瓶中的冻干粉末提供。这些小瓶可含有100mg、110mg、120mg、150mg、200mg、250mg、300mg或400mg的抗PD-1抗体。在施用之前,用注射用无菌水(SWFI)或其他合适介质复水冻干粉末以得到含有20mg/mL抗PD-1抗体的溶液。在一些实施例中,所得复水溶液进一步用盐水或其他适合的输注用介质稀释,且经由每7天两次、每7天一次、每14天一次、每21天一次、每28天一次、每35天一次、每42天一次、每49天一次或每56天一次IV输注来施用。在一些实施例中,对于第一周期而言,输注在90分钟内发生。在一些实施例中,随后输注是在60分钟内。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体以IV输注按以下剂量每7天施用一次:0.1mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、3.0mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、5.0mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、或10.0mg/kg。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体以IV输注按以下剂量每14天施用一次:0.1mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、3.0mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、5.0mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、或10.0mg/kg。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体以IV输注按以下剂量每21天施用一次:0.1mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、3.0mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、5.0mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、或10.0mg/kg。
在一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体以IV输注按以下剂量每28天施用一次:0.1mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、3.0mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、5.0mg/kg、6.0mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、或10.0mg/kg。
在一个例示性实施例中,将抗PD-1抗体辅助伊匹单抗使用以治疗非小细胞肺癌。抗PD-1抗体通过IV输注以1.0mg/kg或3.0mg/kg每21天施用一次。伊匹单抗通过静脉内输注以1mg/kg的剂量每三周施用一次,持续四个剂量。最后一次伊匹单抗剂量后,抗PD-1抗体通过IV输注以1.0mg/kg或3.0mg/kg每14天施用一次。辅助抗PD-1抗体/伊匹单抗疗法持续直至疾病进展或患者不再耐受。
在一个例示性实施例中,将抗PD-1抗体辅助伊匹单抗使用以治疗非小细胞肺癌。抗PD-1抗体通过IV输注以1.0mg/kg或3.0mg/kg每14天施用一次。伊匹单抗通过静脉内输注以1mg/kg的剂量每六周施用一次,持续四个剂量。辅助抗PD-1抗体/伊匹单抗疗法持续直至疾病进展或患者不再耐受。
在一个例示性实施例中,将抗PD-1抗体辅助伊匹单抗使用以治疗非小细胞肺癌。抗PD-1抗体通过IV输注以1.0mg/kg或3.0mg/kg每14天施用一次。伊匹单抗通过静脉内输注以1mg/kg的剂量每十二周施用一次,持续四个剂量。辅助抗PD-1抗体/伊匹单抗疗法持续直至疾病进展或患者不再耐受。
当辅助其他药剂(诸如,其他化学治疗剂)施用或与这些一种或多种其他药剂一起施用时,抗PD-1抗体可能以与其他药剂相同的时间表或以不同时间表施用。当以相同时间表施用时,抗PD-1抗体可在其他药剂之前、之后施用,或与这些其他药剂一起同时施用。在抗PD-1抗体辅助护理标准或与其一起施用的一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体可在开始标准疗法之前起始,例如,在开始护理标准疗法之前一天、若干天、一周、若干周、一月或甚至若干月起始。在抗PD-1抗体辅助护理标准或与其一起施用的一些实施例中,抗PD-1抗体可在开始标准疗法之后起始,例如,在开始护理标准疗法之后一天、若干天、一周、若干周、一月或甚至若干月起始。
如本领域普通技术人员应了解,上文所描述的各种药剂的建议剂量可能需要调整以使患者反应优化且使治疗益处最大化。
7.8.例示性实施例
以下是本发明的例示性列举的实施例。
1.一种抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含(i)包含三个CDR的VH链;及(ii)包含三个CDR的VL链,其中:VH CDR#1是GYTFTHYGMN(SEQ ID NO:11);VH CDR#2是WVNTYTGEPTYADDFKG(SEQ IDNO:12);VH CDR#3是EGEGLGFGD(SEQ ID NO:13);VL CDR#1是RSSQSIVHSHGDTYLE(SEQ ID NO:14);VL CDR#2是KVSNRFS(SEQ ID NO:15);及VL CDR#3是FQGSHIPVT(SEQ ID NO:16)。
2.如实施例1所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:31的VH链;及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:41的VL链。
3.如实施例1所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是人源化的。
4.如实施例3所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:36的VH链;及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。
5.一种抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含(i)包含三个CDR的VH链;及(ii)包含三个CDR的VL链,其中:VH CDR#1是GYTFTHYGMN(SEQ ID NO:11);VH CDR#2是WVNTYTGEPTYADDFKG(SEQ IDNO:12);VH CDR#3是EGEGMGFGD(SEQ ID NO:23);VL CDR#1是RSSQSIVHSHGDTYLE(SEQ ID NO:14);VL CDR#2是KVSNRFS(SEQ ID NO:15);及VL CDR#3是FQGSHIPVT(SEQ ID NO:16)。
6.如实施例5所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:33的VH链;及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。
7.如实施例1至6中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是IgG。
8.如实施例7所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是任选地包含含有氨基酸取代L234A和L235A的变体CH2结构域的IgG1。
9.如实施例7所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是任选地包含含有氨基酸取代S228P的变体Fc区的IgG4。
10.如实施例8所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含对应于SEQ ID NO:51或SEQ ID NO:52的序列的重链,及对应于SEQ ID NO:61的序列的轻链。
11.如实施例1至10中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其具有小于约100nM的KD。
12.如实施例11所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其具有小于约10nM的KD。
13.一种药物组合物,其包含如实施例1至12中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白及药学上可接受的运载体。
14.一种核酸,其包含编码如实施例1至12中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白的核苷酸序列。
15.一种载体,其包含如实施例14所述的核酸。
16.一种原核宿主细胞,其经如实施例15所述的载体转化。
17.一种真核宿主细胞,其经如实施例15所述的载体转化。
18.一种真核宿主细胞,其经工程化以表达如实施例14所述的核酸。
19.如实施例18所述的真核宿主细胞,其是哺乳动物宿主细胞。
20.一种产生其抗PD-1结合蛋白的方法,该方法包括:(a)培养如实施例17或实施例18所述的宿主细胞,及(b)回收该抗PD-1结合蛋白。
21.一种活化免疫系统的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用如实施例1至12中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白或如实施例13所述的药物组合物。
22.一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用如实施例1至12中任一项所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白或如实施例13所述的药物组合物。
23.如实施例22所述的方法,其中该癌症选自膀胱癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、肾脏癌、肺癌、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和胃癌。
24.如实施例23所述的方法,其中该肺癌是非小细胞肺癌。
25.如实施例22所述的方法,其中以单药疗法施用该抗PD-1结合蛋白。
26.如实施例22所述的方法,其中该抗PD-1结合蛋白辅助常用于治疗癌症的另一种药剂或与其一起施用。
27.如实施例26所述的方法,其中该其他药剂选自放射、化学疗法、抗体药物偶联物、抗CD40抗体、抗CTLA-4抗体和抗OX40抗体。
28.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该化学疗法是顺铂、卡铂、紫杉醇、多西他赛、吉西他滨、长春瑞滨、长春碱、伊立替康、依托泊苷、或培美曲塞、或其药学上可接受的盐。
29.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗体药物偶联物靶向c-Met激酶。
30.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗体药物偶联物靶向LRRC15。
31.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗体药物偶联物靶向EGFR。
32.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗体药物偶联物靶向CS1。
33.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗体药物偶联物是罗武匹妥珠-特西林。
34.如实施例27所述的方法,其中该抗CTLA-4抗体是伊匹单抗。
8.实例
出于说明而非限制的目的提供了以下实例,所述实例突出了本文所描述的抗PD-1抗体的实施例的某些特征及特性。
实例1:材料及方法
8.1.1.通过ELISA测试与板结合的人类PD-1结合的抗体
将Immunolon 4xHB 96孔板用1ug/ml的人类PD-1Fc融合物在4℃包被过夜。将板在室温用含有1%BSA的PBS阻断30分钟,并且然后使用洗板机用含有0.1%Tween 20的PBS(PBST)洗涤三次。然后将PD-1包被的板在室温(RT)与指定浓度的抗体一起孵育一小时。将板用PBST洗涤四次,并且然后在室温与100μL的在含有1%BSA的PBS中制备成1:5000的稀释液的山羊抗人类Fab片段特异性生物素一起孵育1小时。将板在PBST中洗涤五次,并向每个孔中添加100μL链霉亲和素-HRP的1:1000稀释液并在RT孵育30分钟。将板在PBST中洗涤五次并向每个孔中添加100μL的TMB单组分显色液(TMB One Component)并在RT下孵育直至显色(大约5-10分钟)。使用Spectromax190(分子仪器公司(MolecularDevices))在650nM处读取光密度(OD)。
8.1.2.与细胞表面表达的人类PD-1结合的抗体
从烧瓶中收获表达PD-1的Jurkat细胞,并在含有1%BSA的PBS中重悬至2x 106个细胞/mL。将100μL的细胞添加到含有100μL滴定的测试抗体或同种型对照的圆底96孔板中。将细胞与抗体在室温一起孵育25分钟,并且然后用含有1%BSA的PBS洗涤两次。将细胞沉淀物重悬于100μL的1:250稀释的二级抗体山羊抗人类Fab PE中。在RT孵育25分钟后,用含有1%BSA的PBS洗涤细胞两次,并重悬于200μL的1%BSA中。使用Becton DickinsonFACSCanto流式细胞仪分析细胞。使用BD FACSDiva软件(版本8.0.1)分析数据。
8.1.3.通过ELISA测试与板结合的食蟹猴PD-1结合的抗体
将Immunolon 4xHB 96孔板用在DPBS中的1μg/ml的食蟹猴PD-1Fc融合物在4℃包被过夜。将板在RT用含有1%BSA的PBS阻断30分钟,并且然后使用洗板机用PBST(PBS Tween20,0.1%)洗涤三次。然后将PD-1包被的板在室温与指定浓度的抗体一起孵育一小时。将板用PBST洗涤四次,并且然后在RT与100μL的在含有1%BSA的PBS中制备成1:5000的稀释液的山羊抗人类Fab片段特异性生物素一起孵育1小时。将板在PBST中洗涤五次,并向每个孔中添加100μL链霉亲和素-HRP的1:1000稀释液并在RT孵育30分钟。随后将板在PBST和100μL的TMB中洗涤五次。向每个孔中添加一种组分并在RT孵育直至显色(大约5-10分钟)。使用Spectromax190(分子仪器公司(Molecular Devices))在650nM处读取光密度(OD)。
8.1.4.与活化的人类CD4+T细胞结合的抗体
从购自斯坦福血液中心(帕洛阿尔托,加利福尼亚州)的血沉棕黄层中分离人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。简言之,用不含镁和钙的PBS以1:1的比率稀释血沉棕黄层。将稀释的血液(30mL)在包含在SepMate管中的不含镁和钙的PBS中制备的15mL的90%Ficoll-PaquePlus中分层。将管以1200g旋转10分钟。收集中间相并在1x PBS中洗涤两次。将PBMC以2x106个细胞/mL在含有10%HI FCS和1μg/mL PHA和50U/mL重组人类IL-2的RPMI培养基中培养48hr。收集细胞,洗涤并在RT与抗体一起孵育25分钟。用含有1%BSA的PBS洗涤标记的细胞两次。将细胞重悬于100μL的PBS+1%BSA中,并添加PE偶联的山羊抗人类Fab片段的1:250稀释液和抗CD4-FITC。30分钟后,用含有1%BSA的PBS洗涤细胞两次,并重悬于200μL的1%BSA中。使用Becton Dickinson FACSCanto流式细胞仪分析细胞。使用BD FACSDiva软件(版本8.0.1)分析数据。
8.1.5.通过表面等离子共振测试对PD-1的结合亲和力
用于重组可溶性PD-1ECD(细胞外结构域)的抗PD-1抗体的结合动力学通过基于表面等离子共振的量测,该量测在Biacore T200仪器上在25℃使用抗Fc捕获测定方法进行。人类PD-1(残基1-167)和食蟹猴PD-1(残基21-167)的重组细胞外结构域购自商业来源,并且进一步在10mM HEPES(pH 7.4)、150mM NaCl、3mM EDTA中通过凝胶过滤纯化。在测定缓冲液HBS-EP+(10mM HEPES(pH 7.4)、150mM NaCl、3mM EDTA、0.05%Tween 20)中进行芯片制备和结合动力学量测。对于抗Fc捕获芯片的制备,使用标准胺偶联套组根据制造商的说明和程序,将大约2000RU的在10mM乙酸钠(pH 4.5)中稀释至25μg/mL的山羊抗人IgG Fc多克隆抗体直接固定在CM5生物传感器芯片上。生物传感器表面上未反应的部分用乙醇胺阻断。对于结合动力学量测,每个测定循环包含以下步骤:(1)仅在测试表面上捕获测试抗体;(2)遍布参考和测试表面进行分析物注射(PD-1ECD或仅缓冲液),240μL(以80μL/min),之后以80μL/min持续900秒监测解离;以及(3)通过将10mM甘氨酸盐酸盐(pH 1.5)注射到参考和测试表面上使捕获表面再生。在测定期间,所有量测均参考单独的捕获表面(即,没有捕获的测试抗体),并且使用仅有缓冲液的注射用于双重参考。PD-1注射的浓度的范围为随机3倍稀释系列中的900nM至11.1nM。对数据进行处理并使用Biacore T200评估软件整体拟合至1:1结合模型,以确定结合动力学速率常数ka(M-1·sec-1)和kd(sec-1))以及平衡解离常数KD(M)。
8.1.6.PD-1与PD-L1和PD-L2的相互作用的阻断
从汇合的烧瓶中收获表达人类PD-1的HEK 293G细胞。将细胞以2x 106个细胞/mL的浓度重悬于PBS中。将细胞(1x 105)添加到96孔V底板的每个孔中,并使用人类FcR阻断在4℃将细胞阻断15min。在单独的板中,使用3倍连续稀释的20μg/mL起始浓度制备测试抗体和同种型对照溶液。将细胞在1x PBS中洗涤,并将50μL制备的抗体稀释液和50μL的PD-L1带His标签的或PD-L2带His标签的配体(10μg/ml)添加至含有细胞的板中。将细胞在4℃孵育30分钟并用1xPBS洗涤两次。将在PBS中以1:50稀释度制备的抗His APC抗体(50μL)添加至每个孔中,并在4℃孵育30分钟。将细胞洗涤两次,重悬于PBS中并在LSR II Fortessal(BD生物科学公司(BD Biosciences),圣何塞,加利福尼亚州)上获得。
8.1.7.使用纯化的CD4 T细胞和树突细胞进行同种异体人类混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)测定
从购自斯坦福血液中心(帕洛阿尔托,加利福尼亚州)的血沉棕黄层中分离人PBMC。简言之,用不含镁和钙的PBS以1:1的比率稀释血沉棕黄层。将稀释的血液(30mL)在包含在SepMate管中的不含镁和钙的PBS中制备的15mL的90%Ficoll-Paque Plus中分层。将管以1200g旋转10分钟。收集中间相并在1x PBS中洗涤两次。将细胞以1x 108/mL重悬于含有β-巯基乙醇的AIM-V培养基中。在80ng/mL GM-CSF和50ng/mL IL-4的存在下,通过在T75烧瓶中培养塑料粘附PBMC 7天来衍生树突细胞(DC)。在第5天,向DC培养物中添加50pg/mLIL-1α和200pg/mL TNF-α。在第7天,从烧瓶中收获DC,以414R/min辐射7.3分钟,并在完全培养基(具有L谷氨酰胺的RPMI,其含有10%FBS、1x非必需维生素、1%Pen/Strep溶液、1%丙酮酸钠、1%HEPES)中重悬浮至终浓度为1x 105个细胞/mL。使用CD4 T细胞分离套组分离同种异体人类CD4 T细胞。将DC(1x 104/孔)和纯化的CD4 T细胞(1x 105/孔)添加至U底板中。将测试抗体或同种型对照(10μg/mL)添加至含有DC和T细胞的板中。孵育五天后,收集上清液并使用Milliplex流式微珠阵列套组分析IL-2和IFN-γ。使用BioRad Bioplex系统(Bioplex管理器(Bioplex manager)6.0)量测IFN-γ。
8.1.8.对破伤风类毒素的抗原回忆反应
如前所述,从购自斯坦福血液中心的血沉棕黄层中分离人PBMC。在含有β-巯基乙醇的AIM-V培养基中,将细胞重悬至终浓度为2x 106个细胞/mL。每孔使用PBMC(2x 105)和0.2μg/mL破伤风类毒素。滴定抗体并将板孵育五天。在第5天收集上清液,并使用Milliplex流式微珠阵列套组评估IFN-γ。使用BioRad Bioplex系统(Bioplex管理器(Bioplexmanager)6.0)量测IFN-γ。
实例2:小鼠抗PD-1抗体的产生和人源化
根据本领域已知的方法对小鼠进行免疫(E.Harlow,D.Lane.Antibody:ALaboratory Manual[抗体:实验室手册],(冷泉港实验室出版社,纽约冷泉港,1998))。使用小鼠同种型套组(Roche)测定每一单克隆抗体的同种型。纯化产生所关注抗体的杂交瘤克隆并通过表面等离子共振及配体竞争(ELISA)针对亲和力进一步表征。
通过本领域已知的用于表达重组单克隆抗体的方法完成表达载体的克隆和构建。
抗体V区的人源化是如由Queen,C.等人(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊],1989;86:10029-10033)所概述来进行。CDR的典型结构是根据Huang等人(Methods[方法],2005;36:35-42)来测定。鉴别具有相同或大部分类似的CDR典型结构的人类可变种系序列,且选择适当人类VH、VL及J区段序列以为抗PD-1可变区提供框架。在计算机模型表明与CDR显著接触的框架位置,用鼠类抗PD-1V区的氨基酸取代初始人类框架氨基酸(回复突变)。例示性小鼠和人源化抗体的VH区及VL区的完整氨基酸序列显示于图2中。
根据上文所描述的方法将抗PD-1小鼠抗体Mu12A11人源化。人源化版本的Mu12A11VH是Hu12A11.1b VH和Hu12A11.2b VH。Hu12A11.1b VH具有VH 7-4-1框架区,这些框架区具有V2I、M48V、F67L和A93T四个回复突变。Hu12A11.2b VH具有VH 1-69框架区,这些框架区具有V2I、M48V、V67L、I69F、A71L、E73T和A93T七个回复突变。两种人源化VH中的任一种可以与人源化轻链Hu12A11.1a VL组合,该人源化轻链具有VL 2-28框架区,这些框架区具有I2V一个回复突变。
实例3:抗PD-1抗体的稳定性
通过在氧化或可变温度条件下处理后量测抗体的PD-1结合来测定例示性抗体的稳定性。
对责任基序(liability motif)的评估鉴定了Kabat位置99(M99)处的保守甲硫氨酸残基,其被认为是溶剂暴露的并且易于脱酰胺。将M99亲本抗体Hu12A11.2b1的样品暴露于加速降解条件以增强潜在的脱酰胺作用(图3A)。用1%过氧化氢(1%HP)或1%叔丁基过氧化氢(1%TBHP)处理的样品显示出结合亲和力的丧失,这表明甲硫氨酸-99残基氧化的潜力。构建了在位置M99处含有点突变的一组抗体,包括异亮氨酸(M99I,具有根据SEQ ID NO:34的VH的Hu12A11.2b2)、缬氨酸(M99V,具有根据SEQ ID NO:35的VH的Hu12A11.2b3)、和亮氨酸(M99L,具有根据SEQ ID NO:36的VH的Hu12A11.2b4)突变。筛选抗体变体用于与人类PD-1转染的Jurkat细胞结合,并测定EC50值(图3B)。所有含有三个点突变的抗体都与细胞表面PD-1类似地结合,但与M99V或M99I变体相比,M99L变体抗体显示出更高的结合活性。
发现M99L变体Hu12A11.2b4在温度稳定性测试后保持完全结合能力(图3C)。在-80℃、5℃、25℃或40℃孵育Hu12A11.2b4在EC50或最大荧光强度(MFI)方面没有显著的活性丧失。
实例4:抗PD-1抗体的结合亲和力
下表4-1显示了,与根据美国专利号9,073,994中发现的程序制备的文献抗PD-1抗体纳武单抗比较,例示性抗体Hu12A11.2b4的体外结合亲和力数据。根据表面等离子共振、用人(Hu)或食蟹猴(Cyno)PD-1进行的ELISA测定、或在如实例1的测定中量测的人类Jurkat细胞中,Hu12A11.2b4表现出与纳武单抗相比类似的与PD-1的结合特性。
*SPR=根据实例1测定的表面等离子共振;以指数计数法显示(例如,3.0E-09=3.0×10-9)。
实例5:抗PD-1抗体Hu12A11.2b4的生物活性
在实例1中描述的许多体外人类细胞测定中评估Hu12A11.2b4的生物活性。如表5-1所示,Hu12A11.2b4在CD4+T细胞中显示出180pM与PD-1结合。此外,显示出Hu12A11.2b4的抗PD-1活性至少部分地通过如流式细胞术所评估的其阻断PD-L1或PD-L2与PD-1相互作用的能力来介导。该生物活性与Hu12A11.2b4在重组Jurkat T细胞中的活性一致,所述重组Jurkat T细胞在NFAT反应元件的控制下表达萤火虫荧光素酶基因并伴随人类PD-1的组成型表达(Jurkat NFAT测定)。
抗PD-1抗体Hu12A11.2b4进一步证明了在体外测定中免疫反应的增强。如图4A所示,在混合的白细胞培养物中用10μg/mL的Hu12A11.2b4处理实现了IL-2的显著增加以及约7.4倍的IFN-γ增加。图4B显示Hu12A11.2b4(10μg/mL)表现出约6倍(相较于无抗体治疗)的破伤风类毒素回忆反应,其中EC50=161ng/mL。
针对Hu12A11.2b4观察到的体外生物活性类似于针对实例4中使用的纳武单抗所量测的体外生物活性。关于免疫反应,比较抗体纳武单抗在MLR中表现出约5.6倍的IFN-γ增加,并且以10μg/mL表现出约6倍(相较于无抗体治疗)的破伤风类毒素回忆反应,其中EC50=218ng/mL。
在本申请中引用的所有出版物、专利、专利申请和其他文献出于所有目的通过引用以其整体特此并入,在程度上就像每个单独的出版物、专利、专利申请或其他文献被单独地指出以出于所有目的通过引用而并入一般。
尽管已说明及描述各种具体实施例,但应了解,在不脱离本发明的精神及范畴的情况下,可进行各种改变。
Claims (25)
1.一种抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含(i)包含三个CDR的VH链;及(ii)包含三个CDR的VL链,其中:
VH CDR#1是GYTFTHYGMN(SEQ ID NO:11);
VH CDR#2是WVNTYTGEPTYADDFKG(SEQ ID NO:12);
VH CDR#3是EGEGLGFGD(SEQ ID NO:13);
VL CDR#1是RSSQSIVHSHGDTYLE(SEQ ID NO:14);
VL CDR#2是KVSNRFS(SEQ ID NO:15);及
VL CDR#3是FQGSHIPVT(SEQ ID NO:16)。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是人源化的。
3.如权利要求2所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:36的VH链;及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:42的VL链。
4.如权利要求3所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是IgG。
5.如权利要求4所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是IgG1。
6.如权利要求5所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含具有氨基酸取代L234A和L235A的变体CH2结构域。
7.如权利要求4所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其是IgG4。
8.如权利要求7所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含具有氨基酸取代S228P的变体Fc区。
9.如权利要求3所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含κ轻恒定区。
10.如权利要求3所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其包含在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:51或SEQID NO:52的重链,及在序列上对应于SEQ ID NO:61的轻链。
11.如权利要求1所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其具有小于约100nM的KD。
12.如权利要求11所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其具有小于约10nM的KD。
13.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1所述的抗PD-1结合蛋白和药学上可接受的运载体。
14.一种核酸,其包含编码抗PD-1结合蛋白的核苷酸序列,其中该结合蛋白包含(i)包含三个CDR的VH链;及(ii)包含三个CDR的VL链,其中:
VH CDR#1是GYTFTHYGMN(SEQ ID NO:11);
VH CDR#2是WVNTYTGEPTYADDFKG(SEQ ID NO:12);
VH CDR#3是EGEGLGFGD(SEQ ID NO:13);
VL CDR#1是RSSQSIVHSHGDTYLE(SEQ ID NO:14);
VL CDR#2是KVSNRFS(SEQ ID NO:15);及
VL CDR#3是FQGSHIPVT(SEQ ID NO:16)。
15.一种载体,其包含如权利要求14所述的核酸。
16.一种原核宿主细胞,其经如权利要求15所述的载体转化。
17.一种真核宿主细胞,其经如权利要求15所述的载体转化。
18.一种真核宿主细胞,其经工程化以表达如权利要求14所述的核酸。
19.如权利要求18所述的真核宿主细胞,其为哺乳动物宿主细胞。
20.一种产生其抗PD-1结合蛋白的方法,该方法包括:(a)培养如权利要求19所述的宿主细胞,及(b)回收该抗PD-1结合蛋白。
21.一种活化免疫系统的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用治疗有效量的由权利要求18所述的宿主细胞表达的抗PD-1结合蛋白。
22.一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用治疗有效量的抗PD-1结合蛋白,其中该结合蛋白包含(i)包含三个CDR的VH链;及(ii)包含三个CDR的VL链,其中:
VH CDR#1是GYTFTHYGMN(SEQ ID NO:11);
VH CDR#2是WVNTYTGEPTYADDFKG(SEQ ID NO:12);
VH CDR#3是EGEGLGFGD(SEQ ID NO:13);
VL CDR#1是RSSQSIVHSHGDTYLE(SEQ ID NO:14);
VL CDR#2是KVSNRFS(SEQ ID NO:15);及
VL CDR#3是FQGSHIPVT(SEQ ID NO:16)。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中该癌症选自膀胱癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、肾脏癌、肺癌、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和胃癌。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中该肺癌是非小细胞肺癌。
25.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中静脉内施用该抗PD-1结合蛋白。
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