CN109717356B - Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109717356B CN109717356B CN201910175601.9A CN201910175601A CN109717356B CN 109717356 B CN109717356 B CN 109717356B CN 201910175601 A CN201910175601 A CN 201910175601A CN 109717356 B CN109717356 B CN 109717356B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cordyceps sinensis
- cordyceps
- quick
- temperature
- freezing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide, and belongs to the technical field of cordyceps sinensis preservation. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: 1) washing Cordyceps with water; 2) ultrasonically cleaning the cleaned cordyceps sinensis; 3) soaking Cordyceps in low temperature protectant; 4) placing the soaked Cordyceps in a tunnel quick-freezing device, spraying acetic acid/citric acid and liquid nitrogen mist, and continuously spraying liquid CO2(ii) a 5) Spraying an antistaling agent on the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis; 6) modified atmosphere packaging is carried out on the cordyceps sinensis after the preservative is sprayed; 7) refrigerating the cordyceps sinensis after modified atmosphere packaging. The method provided by the invention can solve the problem of freshness reduction of the cordyceps sinensis in the preservation process, and has the advantages of low weight loss rate, high content of soluble protein and low activity of polyphenol oxidase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cordyceps sinensis preservation, in particular to a quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide.
Background
The cordyceps sinensis is a high-grade rare nourishing traditional Chinese medicinal material, contains various nutrient substances and active ingredients, including nucleoside, polysaccharide, sterol, fatty acid, protein, polypeptide, volatile ingredients and the like, and has the functions of resisting tumors, regulating an immune system, promoting the repair of body cell injury, resisting free radicals, resisting oxidation, delaying senescence, protecting cardiac muscle and vascular cells, improving cardiovascular functions, protecting liver, protecting kidney, regulating a respiratory system, regulating a blood system, regulating blood fat and the like.
At present, most of cordyceps sinensis on the market is dry cordyceps sinensis, a large amount of volatile components are evaporated in the drying process of the cordyceps sinensis, part of nutrients are lost, active ingredients are inactivated, the taste is greatly reduced when the cordyceps sinensis is taken, and the nutrient substances and the active ingredients of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be furthest reserved, and the unique faint scent smell and the crisp taste are kept. In addition, pharmacological studies show that compared with dried cordyceps sinensis, fresh cordyceps sinensis has better effects in the aspects of pharmacological actions such as immunoregulation, tumor resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. Therefore, the preservation of fresh cordyceps sinensis is the most important problem to be solved urgently in the production and processing process.
The fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis is one of hot directions of cordyceps sinensis researches in recent years, the researches mainly focus on aspects of low-temperature fresh keeping, quick-freezing fresh keeping, modified atmosphere fresh keeping and the like, the principle of the low-temperature fresh keeping of cordyceps sinensis mainly aims at inhibiting respiration of living cells and reducing metabolism of the cells, and the temperature for low-temperature preservation of cordyceps sinensis is usually controlled to be-3 to-10 ℃. The temperature of quick-freezing and fresh-keeping is usually controlled at-80 ℃. The principle of modified atmosphere preservation is that in a certain closed system, modified gases different from normal atmospheric components are obtained through various modification modes, and the putrefactive physiological and biochemical processes and the activities of microorganisms are inhibited. In addition, with the continuous and deep research on fresh cordyceps sinensis preservation, the generation and application of an intelligent preservation system of fresh cordyceps sinensis to practice have been reported, and the fresh vitality and the nutrient content of the fresh cordyceps sinensis are maintained from a cell level mainly by intelligently and programmatically regulating and controlling parameters such as refrigeration preservation temperature, time and humidity. However, the above preservation techniques have high dependence on preservation equipment, are complicated to operate, and are not suitable for preservation in the original place, and fresh cordyceps sinensis cannot be preserved for a long time. The related patent methods are as follows:
chinese patent application ((CN 102406164A) discloses a method for processing fresh and alive Cordyceps sinensis and preparing a can thereof, which mainly comprises the steps of freezing and storing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis at ultralow temperature of-70 ℃, unfreezing and grading the Cordyceps sinensis, soaking the Cordyceps sinensis in tap water fresh-keeping liquid containing citric acid and sodium isoascorbate, inspecting, sterilizing at high temperature, and preparing the can.
Chinese patent (CN 1037405928) discloses a method for preserving Cordyceps sinensis, which comprises cleaning head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis, soaking cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis in 0.9% acidic sodium chloride solution for 5-8min to prevent loss of nutrients and active substances, rapidly cooling at-75 deg.C for 5-12h, and storing in-5-25 deg.C vacuum refrigerator.
Chinese patent (CN 1021782268) discloses a fresh processing technology of Cordyceps sinensis, which is to refrigerate fresh Cordyceps sinensis at low temperature lower than-65 deg.C, clean and sterilize by combining ultrasonic wave and ozone, and store at 0 deg.C.
Chinese patent application (CN 105199956A) discloses a preservation method of cordyceps sinensis, which mainly comprises the steps of cleaning cordyceps sinensis by adopting an alcohol solution with a certain concentration, spraying honey water on the surface of cordyceps sinensis to preserve nutrient moisture, then carrying out air drying and dehumidification treatment, quickly freezing at the temperature of-30 ℃, and storing in a freezing warehouse below-5 ℃.
Chinese patent (CN 106727734A) discloses a fresh Cordyceps product and its preparation method, which comprises cleaning fresh Cordyceps with flowing water and ultrasound, atomizing and humidifying for 10-40min, and then using 3-7% O2,75-92％N2And 5-18% CO2The preparation method comprises air-conditioned packaging of fresh Cordyceps, wherein the content of cordycepic acid in fresh Cordyceps product is not less than 2%, and the content of polysaccharide is not less than 0.5%.
The invention patent of China (CN 106720232A) discloses a method for storing and preserving fresh cordyceps sinensis, which mainly adopts the methods of low-temperature cleaning, low-temperature grading, grading preservation and the like, and the whole process is carried out in a low-temperature environment, so that the preservation time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is greatly prolonged, the loss of effective components is reduced, and the preservation cost is reduced.
The preservation thinking of the prior art is that some are preserved by directly freezing at ultralow temperature to about 70 ℃ below zero, some are preserved at low temperature (below 0 ℃) after quick-freezing at ultralow temperature (30 ℃ below zero to 75 ℃) to lock active ingredients, and the other technology adds the steps of soaking acid water or spraying honey water for preserving the nutrient moisture or color, these prior art provide fresh cordyceps sinensis, which retains most of the nutrients and active ingredients compared to the dried cordyceps sinensis, however, most of the preservation methods apply sensory methods to determine the freshness of the sample from the aspects of changes of appearance color, smell, hardness, taste, flavor and the like, so that the interference of subjective factors is great, and the problem of freshness reduction of cordyceps sinensis caused by water loss, soluble protein content reduction, polyphenol oxidase activity increase and the like in the preservation process still cannot be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick-freezing and fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide. The method provided by the invention can solve the problem of freshness reduction of the cordyceps sinensis in the preservation process, and has the advantages of low weight loss rate, high content of soluble protein and low activity of polyphenol oxidase.
The invention provides a quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps:
1) washing the cordyceps sinensis with water, wherein the washing temperature is 0-10 ℃;
2) putting the cordyceps sinensis cleaned in the step 1) into a calcium lactate aqueous solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 1-5 times, each time for 5-10 min, and draining;
3) soaking the drained cordyceps sinensis in the step 2) in a low-temperature protective agent for 2-5 min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises 0.3-0.5 mol/L of propylene glycol, 1-3 mmol/L of sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L of Vc or iso-Vc, 6-9 mu mol/L of phytic acid and 0.4-0.8 mg/kg of L-cysteine;
4) placing the cordyceps sinensis soaked in the step 3) in a tunnel quick-freezing device, and when the cordyceps sinensis is soaked in the tunnel quick-freezing deviceSpraying acetic acid/citric acid and liquid nitrogen mist to the soaked Cordyceps while conveying the soaked Cordyceps in a tunnel quick-freezing device; continuously spraying liquid CO when the soaked Cordyceps is delivered to the outlet of the device2When the internal central temperature of the cordyceps reaches-18 to-20 ℃, obtaining the quick-frozen cordyceps;
the temperature in the tunnel quick-freezing device is-120 to-90 ℃, and the pH value of the internal environment of the device is 4 to 6;
the conveying time is 5-10 min;
5) spraying an antistaling agent on the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis obtained in the step 4); the preservative comprises 30-100 mg/mL of cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract, 50-200 mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 100-200 mg/L of antibacterial peptide and water;
6) modified atmosphere packaging is carried out on the cordyceps sinensis after the preservative is sprayed;
7) refrigerating the cordyceps sinensis after modified atmosphere packaging; the refrigerating temperature is-10 to-20 ℃.
Preferably, the mass concentration of calcium lactate in the calcium lactate water solution in the step 2) is 0.1-0.5%.
Preferably, the conditions of the ultrasound of step 2) include: the power is 250-1200W, the frequency is 40-120 kHz, and the temperature is 0-10 ℃.
Preferably, the extract of cordyceps sinensis mycelia in step 5) comprises guanine, cordycepin, hypoxanthine, cytidine, xanthine and adenosine.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract in the step 5) comprises the following steps:
(1) activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid culture medium, performing liquid fermentation, and filtering to remove mycelium to obtain fermentation broth;
(2) mixing the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) with an ethanol water solution, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
(3) and (3) distilling the supernatant obtained in the step (2) under reduced pressure to remove ethanol, and freeze-drying to obtain the cordyceps mycelium extract.
Preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (2) comprises ethanol with the mass concentration of 70-80%.
Preferably, the antimicrobial peptide comprises one or more of a streptococcus lactis antimicrobial peptide, a streptomyces antimicrobial peptide and a pediococcus antimicrobial peptide.
Preferably, the water of step 5) comprises water at 0 ℃.
Preferably, the controlled atmosphere packaging in the step 6) controls the oxygen concentration to be 55-65% and CO2The concentration is 35-45%.
The invention provides a quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide. The method provided by the invention can solve the problem of freshness reduction of the cordyceps sinensis in the preservation process, and has the advantages of low weight loss rate, high content of soluble protein and low activity of polyphenol oxidase. The method provided by the invention has the following advantages: (1) the freezing speed is high (the freezing speed is about 30-40 times faster than that of the common freezing method): the liquid nitrogen quick freezing is adopted, so that the food can rapidly pass through the maximum ice crystal growth zone at the temperature of 0-5 ℃. (2) The food quality is kept high: the method has short liquid nitrogen quick freezing time, so that the color, fragrance, taste and nutritive value of the cordyceps sinensis quick-frozen by the liquid nitrogen can be kept to the maximum extent in a fresh state. (3) The material dry consumption is little: the loss rate of the frozen liquid is 3-6%, and the quick freezing by liquid nitrogen can be reduced to 0.25-0.5%. (4) The quick-freezing operation is simple and convenient to operate, and the automation degree is high: in the prior art, gradient temperature quick freezing is a manual adjustment fresh-keeping freezing program except for single temperature and humidity control, and a tunnel type liquid nitrogen/liquid carbon dioxide spray quick freezing device is adopted to set a multi-stage freezing program, so that the automation degree and the temperature control precision are high, and the method is easy to apply to large-scale product quick freezing treatment. (5) The preservation time is long: compared with the prior art, the method is more suitable for the long-term fresh keeping of the cordyceps sinensis, and particularly, the longer the fresh keeping time is, the more obvious the advantages of the method are.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps:
1) washing the cordyceps sinensis with water, wherein the washing temperature is 0-10 ℃;
2) putting the cordyceps sinensis cleaned in the step 1) into a calcium lactate aqueous solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 1-5 times, each time for 5-10 min, and draining;
3) soaking the drained cordyceps sinensis in the step 2) in a low-temperature protective agent for 2-5 min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises 0.3-0.5 mol/L of propylene glycol, 1-3 mmol/L of sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L of Vc or iso-Vc, 6-9 mu mol/L of phytic acid and 0.4-0.8 mg/kg of L-cysteine;
4) placing the cordyceps sinensis soaked in the step 3) in a tunnel quick-freezing device, and spraying acetic acid/citric acid and liquid nitrogen mist to the soaked cordyceps sinensis when the soaked cordyceps sinensis is conveyed in the tunnel quick-freezing device; continuously spraying liquid CO when the soaked Cordyceps is delivered to the outlet of the device2When the internal central temperature of the cordyceps reaches-18 to-20 ℃, obtaining the quick-frozen cordyceps;
the temperature in the tunnel quick-freezing device is-120 to-90 ℃, and the pH value of the internal environment of the device is 4 to 6;
the conveying time is 5-10 min;
5) spraying an antistaling agent on the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis obtained in the step 4); the preservative comprises 30-100 mg/mL of cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract, 50-200 mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 100-200 mg/L of antibacterial peptide and water;
6) modified atmosphere packaging is carried out on the cordyceps sinensis after the preservative is sprayed;
7) refrigerating the cordyceps sinensis after modified atmosphere packaging; the refrigerating temperature is-10 to-20 ℃.
The method comprises the step of cleaning the cordyceps sinensis by water, wherein the cleaning temperature is 0-10 ℃. In the present invention, the water is preferably flowing water, more preferably linear flowing water. In the present invention, the washing is preferably performed by sequentially washing the head, the stroma and the polypide of the freshly collected cordyceps sinensis with soil. In the present invention, the temperature of the cleaning is more preferably 0 to 4 ℃, and most preferably 0 ℃.
After the cleaned cordyceps sinensis is obtained, the cleaned cordyceps sinensis is placed in a calcium lactate aqueous solution, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 1-5 times, each time lasts for 5-10 min, and draining is carried out. In the invention, the ultrasonic cleaning is used for further removing impurities and pollutants in the deep layer of the surface of the sample. In the invention, the mass concentration of calcium lactate in the calcium lactate aqueous solution is 0.1-0.5%, preferably 0.2-0.4%, and most preferably 0.3%. In the present invention, the conditions of the ultrasound include: the power is 250-1200W, more preferably 600-1000W, most preferably 800W, the frequency is 40-120 kHz, more preferably 80-120 kHz, most preferably 100kHz, the temperature is 0-10 ℃, preferably 0-4 ℃, and most preferably 0 ℃.
After the drained cordyceps sinensis is obtained, soaking the drained cordyceps sinensis in a low-temperature protective agent for 2-5 min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises 0.3-0.5 mol/L of propylene glycol, 1-3 mmol/L of sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L of Vc or iso-Vc, 6-9 mu mol/L of phytic acid and 0.4-0.8 mg/kg of L-cysteine; more preferably, 0.4mol/L of propylene glycol, 2mmol/L of sorbitol, 2mmol/L of Vc or iso-Vc, 8. mu. mol/L of phytic acid and 0.6mg/kg of L-cysteine are included. In the invention, the soaking has the functions of avoiding excessive dehydration and shrinkage of sample cells in the quick-freezing process, keeping the moisture of the fresh cordyceps sinensis in the preservation process, preventing browning and putrefaction deterioration caused by oxidation, putrefaction bacteria proliferation and other reasons, inhibiting the increase of the respiratory intensity of the cordyceps sinensis, delaying the reduction of soluble solid matters, titratable acid and other nutrient substances, reducing the weight loss rate and preventing softening. In the present invention, the cryoprotectant comprises propylene glycol: the protection mechanism is that the frozen cell suspension permeates into cells before being completely solidified, generates a certain molar concentration inside and outside the cells, and reduces the concentration of electrolyte in unfrozen solution inside and outside the cells, so that the cells are protected from being damaged by high-concentration electrolyte, meanwhile, the water in the cells cannot be excessively exosmozed, and the cells are prevented from being excessively dehydrated and shrunk; sorbitol: the water retention agent has the functions of moisture absorption and water retention; vc or iso-Vc: the important antioxidant preservative can keep the color and the natural flavor of food, prolong the shelf life and has no toxic or side effect; phytic acid: the phytic acid molecules can provide six pairs of hydrogen atoms to enable electrons of free radicals to form a stable structure, so that the molecules of the preserved substances are replaced as oxygen supply molecules, and the preserved substances are prevented from being oxidized and deteriorated; l-cysteine: an anti-browning preservative for preventing the oxidation of vitamin C and preventing the surface of the preserved object from turning brown.
After the soaked cordyceps sinensis is obtained, the soaked cordyceps sinensis is placed in a tunnel quick-freezing device, and when the soaked cordyceps sinensis is conveyed in the tunnel quick-freezing device, acetic acid/citric acid and liquid nitrogen mist are sprayed on the soaked cordyceps sinensis; continuously spraying liquid CO when the soaked Cordyceps is delivered to the outlet of the device2When the internal central temperature of the cordyceps reaches-18 to-20 ℃, obtaining the quick-frozen cordyceps; the temperature in the tunnel quick-freezing device is-120 to-90 ℃, more preferably-100 ℃, and the pH value of the internal environment of the device is 4 to 6, more preferably 5; the conveying time is 5-10 min, and more preferably 8 min. In the invention, the tunnel quick freezing device preferably comprises a liquid nitrogen tunnel quick freezer, and more preferably is a liquid nitrogen tunnel quick freezer with the model number DJL-QFL500A produced by Shenzhen Shenjieli freezing science and technology Limited. In the present invention, the control of the pH is controlled by an acetic acid/citric acid mist. The source of the acetic acid and citric acid is not particularly limited in the present invention, and conventional commercially available acetic acid and citric acid known to those skilled in the art may be used. The mass concentration of acetic acid and citric acid is preferably 5-10% independently.
After the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis is obtained, the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis is sprayed with an antistaling agent; the preservative comprises 30-100 mg/mL of cordyceps mycelia extract, 50-200 mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 100-200 mg/L of antibacterial peptide and water. In the invention, the preservative has the functions of inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the surface of a sample and preventing the sample from being decayed in the preservation process. The preservative preferably comprises 50-70 mg/mL of cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract. In the invention, the cordyceps mycelia extract has the function of an antibacterial preservative and can inhibit the propagation and growth of bacteria in the preservation process. In the invention, the cordyceps mycelium extract comprises guanine, cordycepin, hypoxanthine, cytidine, xanthine and adenosine. In the present invention, the preparation method of the cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract preferably comprises: (1) activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid culture medium, performing liquid fermentation, and separating to obtain fermentation broth; (2) mixing the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) with an ethanol water solution, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant; (3) and (3) distilling the supernatant obtained in the step (2) under reduced pressure to remove ethanol, and freeze-drying to obtain the cordyceps mycelium extract. In the present invention, the water includes water at 0 ℃, and more preferably, ice water.
The invention activates the cordyceps sinensis strain, inoculates the cordyceps sinensis strain in a liquid culture medium, performs liquid fermentation, and filters to remove mycelium to obtain fermentation liquor. The Cordyceps species of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any one known to those skilled in the art, such as Cordyceps sinensis FFCC 5231. The method for activating, inoculating, fermenting and separating is not specially limited, and the conventional method condition for fermenting the cordyceps sinensis is adopted. After the fermentation liquor is obtained, the fermentation liquor is mixed with ethanol water solution, and the mixture is centrifuged to obtain supernatant. In the invention, the fermentation liquor and the ethanol water solution are mixed to precipitate and remove impurities such as macromolecular protein, polysaccharide and the like, and the effective substances are enriched in the supernatant. In the invention, the ethanol water solution comprises ethanol with the mass concentration of 70-80%. After obtaining the supernatant, the invention carries out reduced pressure distillation on the supernatant to remove ethanol, and the cordyceps mycelium extract is obtained after freeze drying. The conditions of the reduced pressure distillation and the freeze drying are not particularly limited, and the conditions of the conventional reduced pressure distillation and freeze drying method can be adopted.
The preservative comprises 50-200 mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, more preferably 80-120 mg/L, and most preferably 100 mg/L. In the invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide can effectively inhibit the increase of the respiratory intensity of the cordyceps sinensis, delay the decrease of nutrient substances such as soluble solid matters, titratable acid and the like, reduce the weight loss rate and prevent softening.
The preservative is 100-200 mg/L of antibacterial peptide, more preferably 120-180 mg/L, and most preferably 150 mg/L. In the invention, the antibacterial peptide can inhibit bacteria and keep fresh, prolong the shelf life of food and replace antibiotics. In the present invention, the antimicrobial peptide includes one or more of a streptococcus lactis antimicrobial peptide, a streptomyces antimicrobial peptide and a pediococcus antimicrobial peptide. In the present invention, the antibacterial peptide of Streptococcus lactis is Nisin produced by Shandong Furrida Biotechnology Ltd, the antibacterial peptide of Streptomyces is epsilon-polylysine produced by Benadry bioengineering Ltd, Zheng Zhou, the antibacterial peptide of Pediococcus is Pediococcus species fermentation liquid, such as Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus beer P.cerevisiace, Pediococcus pentosaceus P.pentosaceus, etc., and the fermentation liquid preferably comprises PediocinPA-1.
The preservative comprises ice water, and in the preservative, the ice water has the function of keeping low temperature and quickly forming a preservative layer on the surface, so that the surface of a frozen product is prevented from melting in the preservative spraying process.
The invention carries out modified atmosphere packaging on the cordyceps sinensis after being sprayed with the preservative. In the invention, the controlled atmosphere package controls the oxygen concentration to be 55-65% and CO2Concentration is 35-45%, more preferably 60% of oxygen concentration and CO concentration are controlled2The concentration was 40%.
The invention refrigerates the aweto after modified atmosphere packaging; the refrigeration temperature is preferably-10 to-20 ℃, more preferably-18 ℃.
The method for quick-freezing and fresh-keeping of fresh cordyceps sinensis by combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, and the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Washing with running water: the head, stroma and polypide of the collected Cordyceps sinensis with soil in the producing area are sequentially cleaned by linear flowing water at the temperature of 0 ℃.
(2) Ultrasonic cleaning: placing the cleaned Cordyceps in 0.1% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 5 times (power 250W, frequency 40k Hz, temperature 0 deg.C, time 5 min/time), and draining.
(3) Soaking: soaking in a low-temperature protective agent for 2min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3mol/L propylene glycol, 1mmol/L sorbitol, 1mmol/L Vc, 6. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.4 mg/kg.
(4) Quick-freezing: adopts a liquid nitrogen tunnelFreezing at-120 deg.C, spraying liquid nitrogen and acetic acid/citric acid mist to the freezing chamber, controlling pH of the freezing chamber to 4, allowing the material to flow in and out for 5min, and continuously spraying liquid CO to the material outlet when the material is delivered to the material outlet2Until the central temperature of the frozen product reaches-18 ℃.
(5) And (3) spraying an antistaling agent: contains 30mg/mL of cordyceps mycelia extract, 50mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 100mg/L of antibacterial peptide and ice water.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: oxygen 55%, CO245％。
(7) And (3) refrigerating: -10 ℃.
Example 2
(1) Washing with running water: the head, stroma and polypide of the collected Cordyceps sinensis with soil in the producing area are sequentially cleaned by linear running water at the temperature of 10 ℃.
(2) Ultrasonic cleaning: placing the cleaned Cordyceps in 0.5% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 1 time (power 1200W, frequency 120Hz, temperature 10 deg.C, time 10 min/time), and draining.
(3) Soaking: soaking in a low-temperature protective agent for 5min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5mol/L propylene glycol, 3mmol/L sorbitol, 3mmol/LVc, 9. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.8 mg/kg.
(4) Quick-freezing: spraying liquid nitrogen and acetic acid/citric acid mist to the freezing chamber at-90 deg.C by using liquid nitrogen tunnel instant freezer, controlling pH of the freezing chamber to 6, allowing the material to flow in and out for 10min, and continuously spraying liquid CO to the material outlet when the material is delivered to the material outlet2Until the central temperature of the frozen product reaches-20 ℃.
(5) And (3) spraying an antistaling agent: contains 100mg/mL of cordyceps mycelia extract, 200mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 200mg/L of antibacterial peptide and ice water.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: oxygen 65% and CO245％。
(7) And (3) refrigerating: -20 ℃.
Example 3
(1) Washing with running water: the head, stroma and polypide of the collected Cordyceps sinensis with soil in the producing area are sequentially cleaned by linear running water at the temperature of 5 ℃.
(2) Ultrasonic cleaning: placing the cleaned Cordyceps in 0.3% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 3 times (power 600W, frequency 80Hz, temperature 5 deg.C, time 8 min/time), and draining.
(3) Soaking: soaking in a low-temperature protective agent for 3min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.4mol/L propylene glycol, 2mmol/L sorbitol, 2mmol/L iso-Vc, 8. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.6 mg/kg.
(4) Quick-freezing: spraying liquid nitrogen and acetic acid/citric acid mist to the freezing chamber at-100 deg.C by using liquid nitrogen tunnel instant freezer, controlling pH of the freezing chamber to 5, allowing the material to flow in and out for 8min, and continuously spraying liquid CO to the material outlet when the material is delivered to the material outlet2Until the central temperature of the frozen product reaches-20 ℃.
(5) And (3) spraying an antistaling agent: contains 70mg/mL of cordyceps mycelia extract, 100mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 150mg/L of antibacterial peptide and ice water.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: 60% oxygen and CO240％。
(7) And (3) refrigerating: -15 ℃.
Example 4
(1) Washing with running water: the head, stroma and polypide of the collected Cordyceps sinensis with soil in the producing area are sequentially cleaned by linear running water at the temperature of 3 ℃.
(2) Ultrasonic cleaning: placing the cleaned Cordyceps in 0.25% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 4 times (power 400W, frequency 60Hz, temperature 2 deg.C, time 6 min/time), and draining.
(3) Soaking: soaking in a low-temperature protective agent for 4min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.35mol/L propylene glycol, 1.5mmol/L sorbitol, 2.5mmol/L iso-Vc, 7.5. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.65 mg/kg.
(4) Quick-freezing: spraying liquid nitrogen and acetic acid/citric acid mist to the freezing chamber at-105 deg.C by using liquid nitrogen tunnel instant freezer, controlling the pH value of the freezing chamber to 5.5, allowing the material to flow in and out for 7min, and continuously spraying liquid CO to the material outlet when the material is conveyed to the material outlet2Until the central temperature of the frozen product reaches-19 ℃.
(5) And (3) spraying an antistaling agent: contains 75mg/mL of cordyceps mycelium extract, 165mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 135mg/L of antibacterial peptide and ice water.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: 57% oxygen and CO243％。
(7) And (3) refrigerating: -16 ℃.
Example 5
(1) Washing with running water: the head, stroma and polypide of the collected Cordyceps sinensis with soil in the producing area were sequentially washed with linear running water at a temperature of 8 ℃.
(2) Ultrasonic cleaning: placing the cleaned Cordyceps in 0.45% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 2 times (power 300W, frequency 55Hz, temperature 4 deg.C, time 9 min/time), and draining.
(3) Soaking: soaking in a low-temperature protective agent for 4min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45mol/L propylene glycol, 2.2mmol/L sorbitol, 2.8mmol/LVc or iso-Vc, 6-9 μmol/L phytic acid, and L-cysteine concentration of 0.45 mg/kg.
(4) Quick-freezing: spraying liquid nitrogen and acetic acid/citric acid mist to the freezing chamber at-105 deg.C by using liquid nitrogen tunnel instant freezer, controlling the pH value of the freezing chamber to 5.3, allowing the material to flow in and out for 7min, and continuously spraying liquid CO to the material outlet when the material is conveyed to the material outlet2Until the central temperature of the frozen product reaches-18 ℃.
(5) And (3) spraying an antistaling agent: contains 60mg/mL of cordyceps mycelia extract, 120mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 130mg/L of antibacterial peptide and ice water.
(6) Modified atmosphere packaging: 63% of oxygen and CO237％。
(7) And (3) refrigerating: -12 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Chinese patent (CN 106720232A) discloses 1 storage and preservation method for fresh cordyceps sinensis, the invention adopts methods of low-temperature cleaning, low-temperature grading, grading preservation and the like, and the whole process is carried out in a low-temperature environment, so that the preservation time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is greatly prolonged. Washing with water at 5-10 deg.C, grading, and storing at-3-10 deg.C and humidity of 60-75%, wherein the fresh-keeping time of fresh Cordyceps can be prolonged to 75 days.
Chinese patent (CN 102178226A) discloses a fresh processing technology of Cordyceps sinensis, which comprises the steps of adopting ultrasonic cleaning, sterilizing and sealing, fresh keeping in ultra-low temperature refrigeration equipment, storing at zero temperature and the like to keep fresh Cordyceps sinensis at a low temperature, and preventing the thermal sensitive substances contained in the Cordyceps sinensis from being denatured or inactivated.
Chinese patent (CN 103740592A) discloses a method for preserving Cordyceps sinensis, which comprises cleaning with running water, soaking in 0.9% acidic sodium chloride solution, rapidly cooling at-75 deg.C, and refrigerating at-5 deg.C to-25 deg.C under controlled atmosphere to make nutritional components and activity of Cordyceps sinensis have no loss after long-term storage.
Chinese patent (CN 108835502A) discloses 1 'fresh cordyceps sinensis product and a preparation method thereof', the invention adopts methods of honey soaking, smearing and the like to prepare the fresh cordyceps sinensis fresh-keeping product, the fresh cordyceps sinensis fresh-keeping product has better fresh-keeping effect under the condition of normal temperature placement, the original nutrient components and forms of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be furthest reserved, the quality guarantee period is long, and the taste is good.
Compared with the 4 patent methods, the method of the invention is superior to the method for preserving the cordyceps sinensis in the aspects of weight loss rate, soluble protein content, polyphenol oxidase activity and the like when the cordyceps sinensis is preserved to 75 days. The comparative experiments and results are as follows:
0.5-1.0g of fresh cordyceps sinensis 270 roots are taken and randomly divided into 9 groups, and the groups are treated according to the methods of a patent CN106720232A, a patent CN 102178226A, a patent CN 103740592A and a patent CN 108835502A and the methods of the embodiments 1-5 of the invention, wherein the names of the treatment groups are respectively a low-temperature fresh-keeping group 1-4 and a liquid nitrogen fresh-keeping group 1-5. And (4) determining the weight loss rate, the soluble protein content reduction rate and the polyphenol oxidase activity increase rate of each group of cordyceps sinensis samples before preservation treatment on the 75 th day.
The influence of fumigation treatment of plant essential oil on the fresh-keeping effect of nectarines is determined according to the method of Wangjinbo, et al, 3 [ J ]. Nuclear agriculture report, 2018,32(5):933- & lt940. & gt, the content reduction rate of soluble protein is determined according to the method of measuring the content of trace soluble protein in apple tissue by Coomassie Brilliant travel method, the condition optimization of determining the content of the trace soluble protein in apple tissue is performed according to the method of [ J ]. food science, 2012, (24):185- & lt189- & gt 189. & ltM. & ltm & gt, the increase rate of polyphenol oxidase activity is determined according to the method of' Jiankang, et al. & ltphysiological and biochemical experiment guidance after fruit and vegetable harvest [ M ]. Beijing, China light industry Press, 2007:59-154 ], and the results are shown in Table 1. On the 75 th day of storage, the cordyceps sinensis preserved by the method is superior to cordyceps sinensis preserved by Chinese patents CN106720232A, CN 102178226A, CN 103740592A and CN 108835502A in the aspects of weight loss rate, soluble protein content reduction rate and polyphenol oxidase activity increase rate. Meanwhile, the advantage of the preservation effect of the method is more obvious along with the prolonging of the preservation time.
TABLE 1 weight loss ratio and soluble protein content of Cordyceps samples of each treatment group are reduced at day 75
Measurement results of the Rate and the increase Rate of Polyphenol oxidase Activity
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A quick-freezing preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis by liquid nitrogen combined with liquid carbon dioxide comprises the following steps:
1) washing the cordyceps sinensis with water, wherein the washing temperature is 0-10 ℃;
2) putting the cordyceps sinensis cleaned in the step 1) into a calcium lactate aqueous solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 1-5 times, each time for 5-10 min, and draining;
3) soaking the drained cordyceps sinensis in the step 2) in a low-temperature protective agent for 2-5 min, wherein the low-temperature protective agent comprises 0.3-0.5 mol/L of propylene glycol, 1-3 mmol/L of sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L of Vc or iso-Vc, 6-9 mu mol/L of phytic acid and 0.4-0.8 mg/kg of L-cysteine;
4) placing the cordyceps sinensis soaked in the step 3) in a tunnel quick-freezing device, and spraying acetic acid/citric acid and liquid nitrogen mist to the soaked cordyceps sinensis when the soaked cordyceps sinensis is conveyed in the tunnel quick-freezing device; continuously spraying liquid CO when the soaked Cordyceps is delivered to the outlet of the device2When the internal central temperature of the cordyceps reaches-18 to-20 ℃, obtaining the quick-frozen cordyceps;
the temperature in the tunnel quick-freezing device is-120 to-90 ℃, and the pH value of the internal environment of the device is 4 to 6;
the conveying time is 5-10 min;
5) spraying an antistaling agent on the quick-frozen cordyceps sinensis obtained in the step 4); the preservative comprises 30-100 mg/mL of cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract, 50-200 mg/L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 100-200 mg/L of antibacterial peptide and water; the water is water at 0 ℃;
6) modified atmosphere packaging is carried out on the cordyceps sinensis after the preservative is sprayed;
7) refrigerating the cordyceps sinensis after modified atmosphere packaging; the refrigerating temperature is-10 to-20 ℃;
the preparation method of the cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract comprises the following steps:
(1) activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid culture medium, performing liquid fermentation, and filtering to remove mycelium to obtain fermentation broth;
(2) mixing the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) with an ethanol water solution, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant;
(3) and (3) distilling the supernatant obtained in the step (2) under reduced pressure to remove ethanol, and freeze-drying to obtain the cordyceps mycelium extract.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of calcium lactate in the aqueous solution of calcium lactate in step 2) is 0.1-0.5%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions of the ultrasound of step 2) comprise: the power is 250-1200W, the frequency is 40-120 kHz, and the temperature is 0-10 ℃.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cordyceps mycelium extract of step 5) comprises guanine, cordycepin, hypoxanthine, cytidine, xanthine and adenosine.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (2) comprises ethanol with a mass concentration of 70-80%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial peptide comprises one or more of a nisin, a streptomyces antimicrobial peptide, and a pediococcus antimicrobial peptide.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified atmosphere packaging of step 6) controls the oxygen concentration to 55-65% and the CO concentration2The concentration is 35-45%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910175601.9A CN109717356B (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910175601.9A CN109717356B (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109717356A CN109717356A (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| CN109717356B true CN109717356B (en) | 2022-03-08 |
Family
ID=66302117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910175601.9A Active CN109717356B (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109717356B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110122730B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-08-12 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Fresh freezing liquid, and fresh keeping method and application thereof |
| CN110628633B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-03-02 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis and fresh cordyceps sinensis product |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102370670A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-03-14 | 南京中科药业有限公司 | Efficient processing method of Chinese caterpillar fungus |
| CN102406164A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-11 | 青海仁济冬虫夏草有限公司 | Method for processing living plantworms and preparing plantworms can |
| CN106727734A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | Fresh cordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005049192A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-06-02 | Laboratoires Serono S.A. | Process and apparatus for cooling and atomizing liquid or pasty-like substances |
| US9248101B2 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2016-02-02 | Abbvie Deutschland Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for the gentle production of ultrafine particle suspensions and ultrafine particles and the use thereof |
| WO2007141667A2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Dalhousie University | Immunosuppressive extract of cordyceps sinensis and uses thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-03-08 CN CN201910175601.9A patent/CN109717356B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102370670A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-03-14 | 南京中科药业有限公司 | Efficient processing method of Chinese caterpillar fungus |
| CN102406164A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-11 | 青海仁济冬虫夏草有限公司 | Method for processing living plantworms and preparing plantworms can |
| CN106727734A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | Fresh cordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 冬虫夏草菌液体培养补料对菌丝体和腺苷产量的影响;李潇英等;《菌物学报》;20150915(第05期);全文 * |
| 冬虫夏草菌种保藏方法的比较;方苏等;《安徽农业科学》;20110510(第14期);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109717356A (en) | 2019-05-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109717346B (en) | Method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation method | |
| US10632163B2 (en) | Fresh Ophiocordyceps sinensis product and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108094519B (en) | Grape antagonistic yeast composite biological preservative and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN103932355B (en) | Dendrobium candidum preservation method | |
| CN109717347A (en) | A kind of method of controlled atmospheric packing and ultraviolet irradiation composite fresh-keeping cordyceps sinensis | |
| CN109717356B (en) | Fresh cordyceps sinensis quick-freezing preservation method combining liquid nitrogen with liquid carbon dioxide | |
| CN109744457B (en) | Liquid nitrogen spraying type quick-freezing method for fresh cordyceps sinensis | |
| CN111602798A (en) | Solid compound seasoning with antibacterial and fresh-keeping functions and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103300141A (en) | Peach low-temperature storage and fresh keeping method and application of gamma-aminobutyric acid to fresh keeping of peaches | |
| CN105123902B (en) | A kind of preservation method of the fresh seedpod of the lotus | |
| CN109511730B (en) | Preservation method for leaf vegetables cultivated in high-temperature season | |
| US20230043870A1 (en) | Liquid nitrogen quick-freezing preservation method for fresh bamboo shoots | |
| CN111449130A (en) | Green preservative for fresh-cut Nanguo pear | |
| CN106912553A (en) | Little yellow croaker antistaling process | |
| CN109717348A (en) | A method of the fresh-keeping cordyceps sinensis of controlled atmospheric packing containing argon gas | |
| CN106721949B (en) | Method for adjusting freezing point of nostoc sphaeroides and greatly prolonging preservation period | |
| CN110692708B (en) | Preservative and fresh-keeping method of nectarines, preservative and fresh-keeping reagent and application of preservative and fresh-keeping reagent in nectarines | |
| CN110613083B (en) | Green vegetable green-fixing preservative and preservation using method | |
| CN110393212B (en) | Fresh-keeping method of fresh-cut agaricus bisporus | |
| CN106561800A (en) | Method for prolonging shelf life of strawberries | |
| CN113180213A (en) | Fresh-keeping method for prolonging shelf life of fresh-cut asparagus | |
| CN103005474A (en) | Method for preparing meat fermented bean curd by moulds | |
| CN105532855A (en) | Novel polypeptide preservative and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107041420B (en) | A kind of antistaling agent and its application based on γ-aminobutyric acid combination lactobacillus plantarum | |
| CN110754516A (en) | Freezing preservation method of fresh lotus seedpod and fresh lotus seedpod |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |