CN109717346B - Method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation, which relates to the technical field of preservation of cordyceps sinensis60Co gamma rays or 5-10 MeV electron beams irradiate the cordyceps sinensis packaged in a gas-conditioning way, the irradiation dose is 0.1-1.5 kGy, and the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25, so that the cordyceps sinensis is preserved. As shown in the embodiment of the invention, when the fresh cordyceps sinensis is subjected to preservation treatment by adopting the method, the weight loss rate, the content reduction rate of soluble protein and the activity increase rate of polyphenol oxidase of the cordyceps sinensis are obviously reduced compared with the prior art, and the preservation time can reach at least 75 days. The invention can realize long-term and effective fresh-keeping for the aweto and other animal-fungus tissue complexes without causing obvious damage to the aweto under the limited irradiation dose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cordyceps sinensis preservation, in particular to a method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by using an irradiation method.
Background
The cordyceps sinensis is a high-grade rare nourishing traditional Chinese medicinal material, contains various nutrient substances and active ingredients, including nucleoside, polysaccharide, sterol, fatty acid, protein, polypeptide, volatile ingredients and the like, and has the functions of resisting tumors, regulating an immune system, promoting the repair of body cell injury, resisting free radicals, resisting oxidation, delaying senescence, protecting cardiac muscle and vascular cells, improving cardiovascular functions, protecting liver, protecting kidney, regulating a respiratory system, regulating a blood system, regulating blood fat and the like.
At present, most of cordyceps sinensis on the market is dry cordyceps sinensis, a large amount of volatile components are evaporated in the drying process of the cordyceps sinensis, part of nutrients are lost, active ingredients are inactivated, the taste is greatly reduced when the cordyceps sinensis is taken, and the nutrient substances and the active ingredients of the fresh cordyceps sinensis can be furthest reserved, and the unique faint scent smell and the crisp taste are kept. In addition, pharmacological studies show that compared with dried cordyceps sinensis, fresh cordyceps sinensis has better effects in the aspects of pharmacological actions such as immunoregulation, tumor resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. Therefore, the preservation of fresh cordyceps sinensis is the most important problem to be solved urgently in the production and processing process.
The fresh keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis is one of hot directions of cordyceps sinensis researches in recent years, the researches mainly focus on aspects of low-temperature fresh keeping, quick-freezing fresh keeping, modified atmosphere fresh keeping and the like, and related patent methods are as follows:
chinese patent application ((CN 102406164A) discloses a method for processing fresh and alive Cordyceps sinensis and preparing a can thereof, which mainly comprises the steps of freezing and storing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis at ultralow temperature of-70 ℃, unfreezing and grading the Cordyceps sinensis, soaking the Cordyceps sinensis in tap water fresh-keeping liquid containing citric acid and sodium isoascorbate, inspecting, sterilizing at high temperature, and preparing the can.
Chinese patent (CN 1037405928) discloses a preservation method of Cordyceps sinensis, which comprises washing head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis, soaking the washed fresh Cordyceps sinensis in 0.9% acid calcium lactate solution for 5-8min to prevent loss of nutrients and active substances, rapidly cooling at-75 deg.C for 5-12 h, and storing in-5-25 deg.C vacuum refrigerator.
Chinese invention patent (CN 1021782268) discloses a fresh processing technology of Cordyceps sinensis, which is mainly to refrigerate fresh Cordyceps sinensis at low temperature lower than-65 ℃; and cleaning and sterilizing by combining ultrasonic waves and ozone, and finally storing at 0 ℃.
Chinese patent application (CN 105199956A) discloses a preservation method of cordyceps sinensis, which mainly comprises the steps of cleaning cordyceps sinensis by adopting an alcohol solution with a certain concentration, spraying honey water on the surface of cordyceps sinensis to preserve nutrient moisture, then carrying out air drying and dehumidification treatment, quickly freezing at the temperature of 30 ℃, and then placing in a freezing warehouse below-5 ℃ for storage.
Chinese patent (CN 106727734A) discloses a fresh Cordyceps product and its preparation method, which comprises cleaning fresh Cordyceps with flowing water and ultrasound, atomizing and humidifying for 10-40min, and then using 3-7% O2,75-92％N2And 5-18% CO2The preparation method comprises air-conditioned packaging of fresh Cordyceps, wherein the content of cordycepic acid in fresh Cordyceps product is not less than 2%, and the content of polysaccharide is not less than 0.5%.
The invention patent of China (CN 106720232A) discloses a method for storing and preserving fresh cordyceps sinensis, which mainly adopts the methods of low-temperature cleaning, low-temperature grading, grading preservation and the like, and the whole process is carried out in a low-temperature environment, so that the preservation time of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is greatly prolonged, the loss of effective components is reduced, and the preservation cost is reduced.
The preservation idea of the prior art is that some are preserved by direct ultralow temperature freezing at 70 ℃, some are preserved at low temperature (below 0 ℃) after the ultralow temperature (-30 ℃ to-75 ℃) quick freezing locks the effective components, and the other techniques are added with the steps of soaking acid water or spraying honey water for preserving the nutrient moisture or the color, these prior art provide fresh cordyceps sinensis, which retains most of the nutrients and active ingredients compared to the dried cordyceps sinensis, however, most of the preservation methods apply sensory methods to determine the freshness of the sample from the aspects of changes of appearance color, smell, hardness, taste, flavor and the like, so that the interference of subjective factors is great, and the problem of freshness reduction of cordyceps sinensis caused by water loss, soluble protein content reduction, polyphenol oxidase activity increase and the like in the preservation process still cannot be effectively solved.
The water content of the freshly collected cordyceps sinensis is high, the water content factor of the cordyceps sinensis is lost due to transpiration on the solid surface during storage, and the freshness of the cordyceps sinensis is reduced due to the fact that the sample is softened and aged due to the weight loss phenomenon. The soluble protein participates in the regulation and control of various physiological and biochemical metabolic processes of the edible fungi, and is one of important indexes of the quality and nutrition of the edible fungi. The decrease of the content is considered as an important characteristic of the aging of the collected samples, and as the storage time is prolonged, the decomposition of protein is accelerated due to the lack of a nitrogen source and the enhancement of the protease activity in the mushroom body, so that the flavor of the mushroom body is changed. Polyphenol oxidase is a main enzyme for promoting browning of edible fungi, can cause browning and even spoilage of products, seriously damages the nutritional value, flavor and appearance texture of the edible fungi, and the lower the activity of the polyphenol oxidase is, the better the storage performance is.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method suitable for preserving fresh cordyceps sinensis, aiming at overcoming the defects of high equipment dependence and complex operation of the existing fresh cordyceps sinensis preservation mode, and the method has the advantages of small equipment dependence, simple and convenient operation and good quality of the fresh cordyceps sinensis preserved for a long time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution, taking out, and drying to obtain soaked Cordyceps;
the fresh-keeping liquid comprises 1-3 mmol/L sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L vitamin C or isovitamin C, 6-9 mu mol/L phytic acid, 0.4-0.8 mg/kg L-cysteine, 30-100 mg/ml ethanol extract of cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor, 50-200 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 100-200 mg/L antibacterial peptide;
(2) filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas consisting of oxygen and carbon dioxide for modified atmosphere packaging to obtain modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis;
(3) to be provided with60And (3) irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in the controlled atmosphere by using Co gamma rays or 5-10 MeV electron beams, and refrigerating the irradiated cordyceps sinensis.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fresh cordyceps sinensis is cleaned by ultrasonic and then soaked in a fresh-keeping solution.
Preferably, the power of ultrasonic cleaning is 250-1200W, the frequency of ultrasonic cleaning is 40-120 kHz, the number of times of ultrasonic cleaning is 2-5, and the time of each ultrasonic cleaning is 5-10 min independently.
Preferably, in the step (1), the method for preparing the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation broth comprises the following steps:
s1, inoculating the cordyceps sinensis into a liquid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 6-8 days, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor;
s2, adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol reaches 70-80%, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, removing the ethanol, and drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
Preferably, the liquid fermentation broth in step S1 includes one or more of potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salts and vitamins.
Preferably, in step (1), the antibacterial peptide includes one or more of nisin, streptomyces antibacterial peptide and pediococcus antibacterial peptide.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (1) is-2 to 10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the volume ratio of the oxygen to the carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is 55-65: 35-45.
Preferably, the refrigeration temperature in the step (3) is 0-4 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation, which comprises the steps of soaking fresh cordyceps sinensis in a preservation solution, then carrying out modified atmosphere packaging, and irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged by modified atmosphere packaging to realize preservation of the cordyceps sinensis. The conventional irradiation preservation is to perform irradiation preservation on food through a packaging film after food packaging, but researches show that the irradiation treatment is obviously lower than that of a control group without irradiation in the aspects of package film breaking, food decay, browning, fresh weight loss and the like. If the cordyceps sinensis is simply stored at low temperature after irradiation sterilization, the preservation time of the cordyceps sinensis is only about 30d, and the requirement of long-term preservation of the fresh cordyceps sinensis cannot be met. As shown in the embodiment of the invention, when the fresh cordyceps sinensis is subjected to preservation treatment by adopting the method, the weight loss rate, the content reduction rate of soluble protein and the activity increase rate of polyphenol oxidase of the cordyceps sinensis are obviously reduced compared with the prior art, and the preservation time can reach at least 75 days.
Meanwhile, the irradiation with high dose can cause damage to the material itself, and the damage caused by the increase of the irradiation dose is more serious, so that the determination of the irradiation dose is a key element of the preservation method. The invention can realize long-term and effective fresh-keeping for the aweto and other animal-fungus tissue complexes without causing obvious damage to the aweto under the limited irradiation dose.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preserving cordyceps sinensis by irradiation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution, taking out, and drying to obtain soaked Cordyceps;
the fresh-keeping liquid comprises 1-3 mmol/L sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L vitamin C or isovitamin C, 6-9 mu mol/L phytic acid, 0.4-0.8 mg/kg L-cysteine, 30-100 mg/ml ethanol extract of cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor, 50-200 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 100-200 mg/L antibacterial peptide;
(2) filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas consisting of oxygen and carbon dioxide for modified atmosphere packaging to obtain modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis;
(3) to be provided with60And (3) irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in the controlled atmosphere by using Co gamma rays or 5-10 MeV electron beams, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.1-1.5 kGy, the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25, and refrigerating the irradiated cordyceps sinensis.
According to the invention, fresh cordyceps sinensis is soaked in a fresh-keeping solution, and then taken out and dried to obtain the soaked cordyceps sinensis. The fresh-keeping liquid adopted by the invention contains the composite antioxidant and the composite bacteriostatic agent, so that the limitation of single fresh-keeping way of a single fresh-keeping agent is avoided, and the fresh-keeping effect is synergistically achieved.
The fresh cordyceps sinensis is cordyceps sinensis which is not dried and has the collection time of not more than 24 hours. The preservation method of the invention aims to protect the quality of the fresh cordyceps sinensis from being changed obviously.
The fresh cordyceps sinensis is preferably cleaned before being soaked in the fresh-keeping liquid, and the cleaning agent for cleaning preferably comprises water or calcium lactate solution. The invention aims to clean the fresh cordyceps sinensis to remove impurities such as silt and the like, and the fresh-keeping effect of the fresh-keeping method can be realized without cleaning. In the invention, the mass percentage concentration of the calcium lactate solution is preferably 0.05-1%, and more preferably 0.1-0.5%.
In the invention, the cleaning method is preferably ultrasonic cleaning, and the cavitation action, the acceleration action and the direct current action of ultrasonic waves in liquid are utilized to directly and indirectly act on liquid and dirt, so that the dirt layer is dispersed, emulsified and stripped to achieve the purpose of quickly and efficiently cleaning the surface risk pollutants of the fresh cordyceps sinensis, and the surface of a sample is prevented from being damaged in the cleaning process by the traditional cleaning method. Preferably, the power of ultrasonic cleaning is 250-1200W; more preferably 600 to 900W. Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is preferably 40 kHz-120 kHz; more preferably 70 to 80 kHz. Preferably, the number of times of ultrasonic cleaning is 2-5, and more preferably 3; in the invention, the time of each ultrasonic cleaning is preferably 5-10 min, and more preferably 6-8 min.
In the invention, the fresh-keeping solution comprises 1-3 mmol/L sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L vitamin C or isovitamin C, 6-9 mu mol/L phytic acid, 0.4-0.8 mg/kg L-cysteine, 30-100 mg/ml ethanol extract of cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor, 50-200 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 100-200 mg/L antimicrobial peptide; preferably, the antibacterial peptide comprises 1.5-2 mmol/L sorbitol, 2-2.5 mmol/L vitamin C or isovitamin C, 7-8 mu mol/L phytic acid, 0.5-0.6 mg/kg L-cysteine, 50-80 mg/ml ethanol extract of cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor, 100-150 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 120-160 mg/L antibacterial peptide.
In the invention, sorbitol has the functions of absorbing moisture and retaining water, and the sorbitol in the preservative solution is used as a water retaining agent.
In the invention, the vitamin C or the isovitamin C is used as an antioxidant in the preservation solution, can keep the color and the natural flavor of the fresh cordyceps sinensis, prolongs the preservation period and has no toxic or side effect.
In the invention, the phytic acid is used as an antioxidant, a metal ion chelating agent and a preservative in the preservative solution. The hydrolysis products of phytic acid in human body are inositol and phospholipid, the inositol has anti-aging effect, and the phospholipid is an important component of human body cells. Meanwhile, each molecule of the hyaluronic acid can provide six pairs of hydrogen atoms, so that electrons of free radicals form a stable structure, and the cordyceps sinensis is replaced by the preserved cordyceps sinensis as an oxygen supply molecule, and the oxidative deterioration of the fresh cordyceps sinensis is avoided.
In the invention, the L-cysteine is used as an anti-browning preservative in the preservative solution to prevent the oxidation of vitamin C or isovitamin C and prevent the surface of the cordyceps sinensis from browning.
In the invention, the main effective components in the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor are guanine, cordycepin, hypoxanthine, cytidine, xanthine and adenosine, and the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor is used as an antibacterial preservative in the preservative solution to inhibit bacterial reproduction in the preservation process.
Specifically, the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation broth is preferably prepared according to a method comprising the following steps:
s1, inoculating the cordyceps sinensis into a liquid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 6-8 days, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor;
s2, adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol reaches 70-80%, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, removing the ethanol, and drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
In the present invention, the liquid fermentation medium preferably includes, but is not limited to, one or more of potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salts, and vitamins. In the invention, the inoculation amount of the cordyceps sinensis inoculated liquid fermentation medium is preferably 0.01-0.1 g/ml, and more preferably 0.05 g/ml. In the present invention, the culture time is preferably 6 to 8 days, and more preferably 7 days. In the present invention, the temperature of the culture is preferably 22 to 30 ℃, and more preferably 26 ℃. The solid-liquid separation method is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed by a method known in the art, such as filtration or centrifugation.
The invention adds ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the ethanol concentration is 70-80% so as to remove impurities such as macromolecular polysaccharide, protein and the like through precipitation and enrich effective substances into supernatant. In the invention, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is preferably 5000-15000 rpm, and more preferably 10000 rpm. In the invention, the time for centrifugation is preferably 15-60 min, and more preferably 30 min. The invention has no special limitation on how to remove the ethanol, and the method commonly used in the field, such as rotary evaporation, is adopted. The drying method is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a method known in the art, for example, hot air drying or reduced pressure drying may be used.
In the invention, chitosan is used as an antiseptic preservative in the preservative solution. The chitosan is a natural food preservative, has strong antibacterial and antioxidant effects, can effectively inhibit the increase of the respiratory intensity of cordyceps sinensis, delay the loss of soluble solid matters, titratable acid and other nutrient substances, reduce the weight loss rate and prevent softening.
In the invention, the antibacterial peptide is used as an antibacterial preservative in the preservative solution, is used for prolonging the preservation period and replaces antibiotics. In the present invention, the antibacterial peptide is preferably one or more of streptococcus lactis antibacterial peptide, streptomyces antibacterial peptide and pediococcus antibacterial peptide.
In the invention, the time for soaking the fresh cordyceps sinensis in the fresh-keeping liquid is preferably 2-5 min, and more preferably 3-4 min. The invention has no special limit on the using amount of the preservation solution, and can immerse the cordyceps sinensis to be preserved.
In the invention, the drying temperature of the cordyceps sinensis after soaking in the fresh-keeping solution is preferably-2-10 ℃, and more preferably 0-4 ℃. The low-temperature drying is adopted in the invention to avoid the corruption acceleration and internal water loss of the cordyceps sinensis caused by high temperature and the loss of nutrient components and heat-sensitive substances.
After the soaked cordyceps sinensis is obtained, the soaked cordyceps sinensis is filled into a packaging bag, and a mixed gas consisting of oxygen and carbon dioxide is filled into the packaging bag for modified atmosphere packaging to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis. The invention adopts a mode of modified atmosphere packaging to prolong the preservation period of the cordyceps sinensis.
In the invention, the volume ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is preferably 55-65: 35-45, and more preferably 60: 40. The amount of the mixed gas to be charged in the present invention is not particularly limited.
After the cordyceps sinensis packaged in a modified atmosphere is obtained, the invention uses60And (3) irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in the controlled atmosphere by using Co gamma rays or 5-10 MeV electron beams, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.1-1.5 kGy, the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25, and refrigerating the irradiated cordyceps sinensis. The irradiation dose limited by the invention is suitable for the preservation of the aweto which is an animal-plant complex, namely, the aweto can not be greatly damaged, and the preservation within a long time can be achieved. As shown in the embodiment of the invention, the color, the flavor and the taste of the cordyceps sinensis are not obviously changed after the cordyceps sinensis is treated by the method for keeping fresh for 75 days, and the cordyceps sinensis treated by the preservation method can be kept fresh for a longer time.
The irradiation method for preserving the cordyceps sinensis combines the treatment of compound preservative, modified atmosphere packaging and irradiation preservation, can effectively prolong the preservation of the cordyceps sinensis, and delays the weight loss rate increase of the cordyceps sinensis, the reduction of soluble protein and the increase of polyphenol oxidase activity.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Sequentially cleaning the head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis with soil collected from production area with linear flowing water at 0 deg.C; and (3) placing the cleaned fresh cordyceps sinensis into a calcium lactate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1%, ultrasonically cleaning for 5 times (the power is 250W, the frequency is 120Hz, the temperature is 0 ℃, and the time is 5/time), and draining off the surface water at 0 ℃.
Preparing a fresh-keeping solution: 3mmol/L sorbitol, 3mmol/L LVc, 6. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.4mg/kg, 30mg/mL ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation broth, 50mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 100mg/L Nisin (Nisin, manufacturer: Shandong Furida Biotech Co., Ltd.).
Preparing an ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor: activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid fermentation medium (including potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salt and vitamins), culturing at 26 deg.C for 7d, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain Cordyceps fermentation broth; adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol is 75%, centrifuging, collecting supernate, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the ethanol in the supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
Soaking the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution for 2min, and blow-drying with 0 deg.C cold air to obtain soaked Cordyceps. And filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 55:45 into the packaging bag by using a modified atmosphere packaging machine to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis.
To be provided with60Co gamma-ray is used for irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in a gas-regulating way, the irradiation dose is 0.1kGy, and the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25. Refrigerating at 0 deg.C.
Example 2
Sequentially cleaning the head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis with soil collected from production area with linear flowing water at 10 deg.C; placing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in 0.5% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 1 time (power 1200W, frequency 40kHz, temperature 10 deg.C, time 5 min/time), and draining surface water at 10 deg.C.
Preparing a fresh-keeping solution: 1mmol/L sorbitol, 1mmol/L iso-Vc, 9 μmol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.8mg/kg, 100mg/mL ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation broth, 200mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 200mg/L Streptomyces antibacterial peptide (epsilon-Polylysine, manufacturer: Zhengzhou Benzonafo bioengineering GmbH);
preparing an ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor: activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid fermentation medium (containing potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salt and vitamins), culturing at 24 deg.C for 7d, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain Cordyceps fermentation broth; adding ethanol into the Cordyceps fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol is 70%, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure to remove ethanol in the supernatant, and freeze drying to obtain ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation liquor.
Soaking the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution for 5min, and blow-drying at 10 deg.C to obtain soaked Cordyceps. And filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide with a volume ratio of 65:35 into the packaging bag by using a modified atmosphere packaging machine to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis.
Irradiating the Cordyceps packaged in modified atmosphere with 10MeV electron beam with irradiation dose of 1.5kGy and unevenness of 1.25 or less. Refrigerating at 4 deg.C.
Example 3
Sequentially cleaning the head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis with soil collected from production area with linear flowing water at 5 deg.C; placing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in 0.5% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 3 times (power 600W, frequency 80Hz, temperature 5 deg.C, time 7 min/time), and draining surface water at 5 deg.C.
Preparing a fresh-keeping solution: 2mmol/L sorbitol, 2mmol/L iso-Vc, 8. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.6mg/kg, 60mg/mL ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation broth, 150mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 150mg/L Pediococcus antibacterial peptide (Pediococcus PA-1, Pediococcus fermentation broth from Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus cerevisiae P. cerevisiacae, Pediococcus pentosaceus P. pentasaccarococcus).
Preparing an ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor: activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid fermentation medium (containing potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salt and vitamins), culturing at 25 deg.C for 7d, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain Cordyceps fermentation broth; adding ethanol into the Cordyceps fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol is 80%, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure to remove ethanol in the supernatant, and freeze drying to obtain ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation liquor.
Soaking the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution for 3min, and blow-drying at 5 deg.C to obtain soaked Cordyceps. And filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas with the volume ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide of 60:40 into the packaging bag by using a modified atmosphere packaging machine to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis.
To be provided with60Co gamma-ray is used for irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in a gas-regulating way, the irradiation dose is 1kGy, and the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25. Refrigerating at 2 deg.C.
Example 4
Sequentially cleaning the head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis with soil collected from production area with linear flowing water at 2 deg.C; placing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in 0.2% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 2 times (power 400W, frequency 60Hz, temperature 2 deg.C, time 6 min/time), and draining surface water at 2 deg.C.
Preparing a fresh-keeping solution: 2.5mmol/L sorbitol, 1.5mmol/L iso-Vc, 7.5. mu. mol/L phytic acid, L-cysteine concentration of 0.5mg/kg, 40mg/mL ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation broth, 180mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 160mg/L Streptomyces antibacterial peptide (epsilon-Polylysine, manufacturer: Zhengzhou Bennafo bioengineered GmbH).
Preparing an ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor: activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid fermentation medium (containing potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salt and vitamins), culturing at 27 deg.C for 7d, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain Cordyceps fermentation broth; adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol is 78%, centrifuging, collecting supernatant, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the ethanol in the supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
Soaking the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution for 2min, and blow-drying with 5 deg.C cold air to obtain soaked Cordyceps. And filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas with a volume ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide of 56:44 into the packaging bag by using a modified atmosphere packaging machine to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis.
Irradiating the Cordyceps packaged in modified atmosphere with 5-MeV electron beam with irradiation dose of 0.8kGy and unevenness of 1.25 or less. Refrigerating at 2 deg.C.
Example 5
Sequentially cleaning the head, stroma and polypide of Cordyceps sinensis with soil collected from production area with linear flowing water at 9 deg.C; placing the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in 0.45 wt% calcium lactate solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 4 times (power 800W, frequency 90Hz, temperature 4 deg.C, time 5 min/time), and draining surface water at 9 deg.C.
Preparing a fresh-keeping solution: 2.5mmol/L sorbitol, 1.5mmol/LVc, 8.5. mu. mol/L phytic acid, 0.7mg/kg L-cysteine concentration, 50mg/mL ethanol extract of Cordyceps fermentation broth, 100mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 80mg/L Streptomyces antibacterial peptide (epsilon-Polylysine, manufacturer: Zheng Zhou Benfo bioengineering GmbH), 40mg/L Streptococcus lactis antibacterial peptide (Nisin, manufacturer: Shandong Furrida Biotech Co., Ltd.).
Preparing an ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor: activating Cordyceps strain, inoculating to liquid fermentation medium (including potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salt and vitamins), culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant to obtain Cordyceps fermentation broth; adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol is 74%, centrifuging, collecting supernate, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the ethanol in the supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
Soaking the cleaned fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution for 4min, and drying with 4 deg.C cold air to obtain soaked Cordyceps. And filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 63:37 into the packaging bag by using a modified atmosphere packaging machine to obtain the modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis.
To be provided with60Co gamma-ray is used for irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in a gas-regulating way, the irradiation dose is 0.2kGy, and the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25. Refrigerating at 3 deg.C.
Comparative example 1
Fresh cordyceps sinensis is preserved according to a 'storage and preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis' recorded in Chinese patent 201611222582.3:
fresh cordyceps sinensis which is just dug is taken and washed by water with the temperature of 5 ℃ at the ambient temperature of 5 ℃, and then the cordyceps sinensis is divided into three grades according to the weight of less than 0.5g, 0.5-1.0 g and more than 1.0g at the ambient temperature of 8 ℃.
Storing Cordyceps less than 0.5g at-5 deg.C and 75% humidity;
storing 0.5-1.0 g of Cordyceps sinensis at-7 deg.C and 70% humidity;
storing Cordyceps with weight more than 1.0g at-10 deg.C and humidity of 60%.
Example 6
1. Procedure of the test
Respectively taking 180 fresh cordyceps sinensis roots with the specification of 0.5-1.0 g, randomly dividing into 6 groups, respectively preserving fresh cordyceps sinensis groups according to the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1, and measuring the weight loss rate, the soluble protein content reduction rate and the polyphenol oxidase activity increase rate of the cordyceps sinensis groups before preservation treatment after 75 days. The results are shown in Table 1.
The weight loss rate of the sample is determined according to the method in 'Wangjingbo, et al.3, the influence of plant essential oil fumigation treatment on the fresh-keeping effect of nectarines [ J ]. Nuclear agriculture bulletin, 2018,32(5): 933-940.'; the content reduction rate of the soluble protein is determined by the method of 'Denglili, et al. Coomassie Brilliant method for determining the content of trace soluble protein in apple tissue and the optimization of the conditions [ J ]. food science, 2012, (24): 185-189.'; the increase rate of polyphenol oxidase activity is determined according to the method of' Jiankang, et al, physiological and biochemical experiment guidance after fruit and vegetable harvest [ M ]. Beijing: China light industry Press, 2007:59-154 ].
As shown in Table 1, the weight loss rate, the decrease rate of soluble protein content and the increase rate of polyphenol oxidase activity of Cordyceps sinensis preserved by the method of the present invention are all superior to those of Cordyceps sinensis preserved by the method of Chinese patent 201611222582.3 on the 75 th day of preservation. Meanwhile, the advantage of the preservation effect of the method is more obvious along with the prolonging of the preservation time.
TABLE 1 weight loss rate, soluble protein content decrease rate and polyphenol oxidase activity increase rate of Cordyceps sinensis sample of each treatment group at 75 days of storage
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preserving Cordyceps by irradiation comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking fresh Cordyceps in fresh-keeping solution, taking out, and drying to obtain soaked Cordyceps;
the fresh-keeping liquid comprises 1-3 mmol/L sorbitol, 1-3 mmol/L vitamin C or isovitamin C, 6-9 mu mol/L phytic acid, 0.4-0.8 mg/kg L-cysteine, 30-100 mg/ml ethanol extract of cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor, 50-200 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 100-200 mg/L antibacterial peptide;
(2) filling the soaked cordyceps sinensis into a packaging bag, and filling a mixed gas consisting of oxygen and carbon dioxide for modified atmosphere packaging to obtain modified atmosphere packaged cordyceps sinensis;
(3) to be provided with60Irradiating the cordyceps sinensis packaged in the controlled atmosphere manner by using Co gamma rays or 5-10 MeV electron beams, wherein the irradiation dose is 0.1-1.5 kGy, the unevenness is less than or equal to 1.25, and refrigerating the irradiated cordyceps sinensis;
in the step (2), the volume ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide in the mixed gas is 55-65: 35-45;
the refrigeration temperature in the step (3) is 0-4 ℃;
soaking the fresh cordyceps sinensis in the step (1) in a fresh-keeping solution for 2-5 min;
the drying mode in the step (1) is cold air drying;
the drying temperature in the step (1) is-2-10 ℃.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the fresh Cordyceps sinensis is ultrasonically cleaned and then soaked in a fresh-keeping solution.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the power of the ultrasonic cleaning is 250-1200W, the frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is 40 kHz-120 kHz, the number of times of the ultrasonic cleaning is 2-5, and the time of each ultrasonic cleaning is independently 5-10 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol extract of the fermentation broth of Cordyceps sinensis is prepared in step (1) by the steps of:
s1, inoculating the cordyceps sinensis into a liquid fermentation culture medium, culturing for 6-8 days, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor;
s2, adding ethanol into the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor until the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol reaches 70-80%, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, removing the ethanol, and drying to obtain the ethanol extract of the cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid fermentation medium in step S1 comprises potato, soybean, sucrose, glucose, peptone, yeast extract, mineral salts and vitamins.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the antimicrobial peptides comprise one or more of nisin, streptomyces antimicrobial peptides, and pediococcus antimicrobial peptides.
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| CN104890931A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-09 | 邓彬 | Controlled atmosphere storage process of such fresh Chinese herbal medicines as fresh cordyceps, fresh ginseng and fresh gastrodia elata |
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| CN104890931A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-09 | 邓彬 | Controlled atmosphere storage process of such fresh Chinese herbal medicines as fresh cordyceps, fresh ginseng and fresh gastrodia elata |
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