CN103932355B - Dendrobium candidum preservation method - Google Patents
Dendrobium candidum preservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103932355B CN103932355B CN201410163470.XA CN201410163470A CN103932355B CN 103932355 B CN103932355 B CN 103932355B CN 201410163470 A CN201410163470 A CN 201410163470A CN 103932355 B CN103932355 B CN 103932355B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, it comprises the following steps have：By dendrobium candidum defoliation and cleaning treatment after harvesting；Cleaned dendrobium candidum is carried out into precooling to be processed with sterilization；Chilling treatment is carried out after carrying out aseptic packaging treatment after dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment is drained in gnotobasis.Dendrobium candidum freshness date can be extended to more than 6 months by dendrobium candidum preservation method of the present invention, can effectively keep original composition, color and luster, brittleness, and weight-loss ratio is low, it is ensured that dendrobium candidum commodity value.In addition, the method does not have the residual of harmful substance, environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables field, and in particular to a kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method.
Background technology
With the development of dendrobium candidum planting industry, dendrobium candidum yield also improving year by year, plantation enterprise preserved in fresh goods,
The fresh-keeping problem of product is faced with sale and transportation also to highlight increasingly.Have been reported that, dendrobium candidum is with the increasing in plantation time
Plus, its functional component such as alkaloid, polysaccharide equal size can gradually increase, but research finds 2 years raw dendrobium candidums and 3 years pig iron skins
The stem of noble dendrobium, without significant difference, considers planting cost and functional component content, Planting household and plantation in each functional component content
Enterprise is harvested between typically selecting plantation 1 year to 2 years.Dendrobium candidum annual spring sprouts sprouting, and winter can harvest works as
Year the fresh bar of new dendrobium candidum, picking time can continue to May in the coming year or so from November then.If having spent May, it is bloomed
Afterwards, do not harvest yet, by continuous decrease, stem is close to drying up, and medical value is extremely low for the active ingredient with medical value.So annual
The supply of the fresh bar of dendrobium candidum only has 6~7 months or so, the marketing fresh of this influence dendrobium candidum, particularly in southern coastal economy
Flourishing city, is the consumption busy season of iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product into July, if so can supply enough iron in non-collecting season
Skin dendrobe fresh product, undoubtedly will play very important effect to dominating the market, improving Business Economic Benefit.
Dendrobium candidum is still a live body after adopting, and different according to storage practice, it occurs difference in storage
Phenomenon.There is problems with current dendrobium candidum storage：
1. the growth and breeding of mould
Because dendrobium candidum is nutritious, the torrid zone, subtropical zone that plantation area is generally high temperature and humidity, its tissue damage are added
Easily there is mould breeding in place (two), form mildew.Fungal hyphae meeting further growth is bred and gradually from two to centre
Diffusion, finally makes fresh goods dendrobium candidum lose commodity value, even edibility.
2. sprout
Dendrobium candidum reaches and phenomenon of sprouting then occurs to a certain degree in aerobic environment and humidity, and experiment shows, at 5 DEG C and
Placed at 25 DEG C of room temperature and phenomenon of sprouting occur.
3. weightless
It is weightless after preserving 90 days by the dendrobium candidum after packaging under same reserve temperature (5 DEG C) and humidity (70%)
Rate then reaches 54% 10% or so without the dendrobium candidum weight-loss ratio of packaging.Showed in low temperature and indoor storage
Go out weight-loss ratio higher.In addition influence of the air-cooled freezer to the dendrobium candidum weight-loss ratio of unpackaged treatment is more notable.
4. alcohol smell and tart flavour
Using the seal-packed iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product of vacuum packaging bag, at room temperature by after the storage of certain hour, meeting
Faint tart flavour and alcohol fermentation taste is produced, and as storage time extends, tart flavour is aggravated；This may with the adopting of dendrobium candidum after
Physiological metabolism and anaerobic respiration are relevant.
5. condensed water
Due to the hot respiration of dendrobium candidum, the easily cohesion globule, experiment discovery, contacted with the globule in pack environment
Dendrobium candidum be easier mould growth and rot.
6. other problems
Dendrobium candidum loses the mouthfeel of original brittleness and succulence after a period of time is preserved, and the substitute is fiber
Change mouthfeel is very serious, and Producing reason may have directly with the growth and breeding of the metabolism of the normal physiological of dendrobium candidum and microorganism
Relation.
Additionally, in oxygen-free environment, in addition to it can produce alcohol smell and tart flavour, dendrobium candidum there is also metachromatism.
For problem present in above-mentioned dendrobium candidum storage, dendrobium candidum preservation method present Research is as follows：
The ripe preservation method of the agricultural product such as fruits and vegetables is used for reference, the fresh-keeping method bag of Chinese medicine fresh medicine has been successfully applied at present
Include air conditioned storage, irradiated targets, freezing, refrigeration, sealing refrigeration, deoxygenation and vacuum freshness retaining, using the storage side such as antistaling agent is fresh-keeping
Method.But herbal species are more, the source of each kind is different, composition is different, physicochemical property is different, its preservation method also very much not phase
Together.
Dendrobium candidum is reported substantially based on domestic literature as a kind of Chinese medicine, correlative study.The country is for stem of noble dendrobium class
The conventional preservation method of Chinese herbal medicine mainly has following several：
1. traditional preserving process
Traditional preserving process of Chinese medicine fresh medicine mainly includes fresh bar method and sand storage method.Fresh bar method is to use plants, is forced
Default ventilating duct ventilation clear water humidification, reduces the physiologically active of plant body, and the preservation term of dendrobium candidum can be made to extend to 1 month
Left and right.Sand storage method will plants plant in sand drift, ready access upon use, effect preferably, preservation term can be more than one month.Two kinds
Method for preserving is all the main method for preserving for eating Chinese medicine raw, is all to use plants preservation, and combine certain humidity and temperature
Degree preservation, is extended the shelf life by reducing the physiologically active of plant.Major defect is both to be only applicable to a small amount of preservation,
Storage life is short, easily rots, and needs larger preservation space, is not suitable for modernizing intensive manufacture.
2. refrigeration
Refrigeration is the method being most widely used at present, and reserve temperature is at 0~5 DEG C or so.There are some researches show：Will be fresh
Harvesting time after clean, by specification arrange, with polythene film bag, by every bag of Packing Unit envelope of 0.5-2kg, be made fresh and alive
Property raw material, be put into reach in freezer (0 DEG C or so) preservation, storage life can be controlled at 2-3 month.Main advantage is to protect
The fresh time is more long, storage life steady quality, sanitation and hygiene, time saving and energy saving etc., is particularly well-suited to big or middle or basic hospital application.
3. quick-frozen preservation by low temperature
Packed freezing is a kind of preservation method that be developed on the basis of cold storing and fresh-keeping method, differs primarily in that refrigeration
Temperature.There is research to use quick-freezing fresh-keeping combination polyethylene Fillbag technique, carried out experiment and the guarantor of preservation method respectively to the stem of noble dendrobium
Chemical constituents determination and pharmacodynamics before and after fresh compare.Result display is using polyethylene packaging bag direct sealing, and -30 DEG C are quick-frozen, -
18 DEG C of preservations, can make the fresh-keeping and storing phase up to 6 months to 1 year on the basis of basis and drug effect is kept.Hao Jin great exists
Quick-freezing fresh-keeping method to ginger, glutinous rehmannia and the stem of noble dendrobium in 2001 makes further progress, can keep the existing form of fresh medicine, effective component and
Drug activity, but the product quality change after defrosting is not made reports.
From current present Research analysis, maximally effective preservation mode be quick refrigeration storage, but this method exist it is following two
The shortcoming of aspect：(1) quality after thawing drastically declines, after particularly the stem of noble dendrobium class such as dendrobium candidum fresh goods is thawed, epidermis color and luster
Dimmed, brittleness is reduced, the phenomenon such as freezing injury seriously, and easily goes mouldy at normal temperatures, corruption；(2) iron of quick refrigeration storage
The skin stem of noble dendrobium is sold and is transported to it and all proposes requirement higher.
Cold storing and fresh-keeping is the fruit vegetables storing method being most widely used at present, and refrigeration is far below cold storage to the demand of equipment,
Energy consumption is relatively low, and is easier to realize cold chain, and under current preservation technique, dendrobium candidum is protected at a temperature of non-freezing
The fresh phase is no more than 3 months, which greatly limits the development of dendrobium candidum industry.
The content of the invention
A kind of above-mentioned deficiency for aiming to overcome that prior art of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided fresh-keeping side of dendrobium candidum
Method, in the storage technical problem such as easily mould perishable or color and luster variation short to solve existing dendrobium candidum storage time.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, comprises the following steps：
By dendrobium candidum defoliation and cleaning treatment after harvesting；
Cleaned dendrobium candidum is carried out into precooling to be processed with sterilization；Wherein, the precooling and sterilization
Treatment is to be placed in cleaned dendrobium candidum in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to soak sterilization treatment；
Aseptic packaging treatment is carried out after dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment is drained in gnotobasis laggard
Row chilling treatment.
Compared with prior art, dendrobium candidum preservation method of the present invention has following technique effect：
(1) dendrobium candidum freshness date can be extended to more than 6 months, and moisture loss is few, weight-loss ratio is low；
(2) dendrobium candidum can keep original composition, color and luster, brittleness；
(3) pre-treatment of dendrobium candidum and storage are remained without any harmful substance, more meet the development of healthy food
Trend；
(4) because pretreatment process is had no significant effect to dendrobium candidum composition and unharmful substance is remained, the processing method
Irregularly can repeatedly be carried out in storage, to extend storage period.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Present example provides a kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, comprises the following steps：
S01：By dendrobium candidum defoliation and cleaning treatment after harvesting；
S02：Cleaned dendrobium candidum is carried out into precooling to be processed with sterilization；Wherein, the precooling and sterilization
Sterilization treatment is to be placed in cleaned dendrobium candidum in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to soak sterilization treatment；
S03：Aseptic packaging treatment is carried out after dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment is drained in gnotobasis
After carry out chilling treatment.
Specifically, the cleaning treatment main purpose in above-mentioned steps S01 is to remove the mud of dendrobium candidum appearance adhesion
The debris such as sand, the cleaning treatment is not specially required, as long as after causing that dendrobium candidum carries out the cleaning treatment, food can be reached
Health rank.
In above-mentioned steps S02, precooling is carried out with sterilization treatment through cleaned dendrobium candidum in step S01
Method is to be placed in cleaned dendrobium candidum in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to soak sterilization treatment.Using the method
The treatment of precooling and sterilization precooling and sterilisation step are combined together, effectively reduce operating procedure, shorten the place of sample
The reason time, and immersion type precooling can avoid the loss of surface moisture.
This as the presently preferred embodiments, dendrobium candidum soaked in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol sterilizing time be 3-10
Minute.Certainly the time that immersion sterilizes can also be more than 10 minutes, studies have found that, after immersion sterilization treatment 10min, bacterium colony
Though sum significantly decreases, at the same time, as dendrobium candidum can increase its epidermis color in alcohol-pickled time lengthening
Plain dissolution, this can produce certain adverse effect to the exterior quality of product, therefore, it is above-mentioned in further preferred embodiments
The time that dendrobium candidum soaks sterilizing in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol is 3 minutes.This preferably soaks sterilization time can have
While effect reaches sterilization effect, the dissolution of dendrobium candidum epidermal pigment is avoided to greatest extent.
In above-mentioned steps S03, by the sterilization treatment after dendrobium candidum drained in gnotobasis the purpose is to
Ensure that the dendrobium candidum after sterilized sterilization treatment is contaminated by bacterial again, it is mould so as to prevent dendrobium candidum from occurring in chilling treatment
Become.In order to ensure gnotobasis of the gnotobasis using ultraviolet sterilization.The bars such as the ultraviolet irradiation intensity of the specific ultraviolet sterilization
Part can carry out offer setting according to existing ultraviolet irradiation sterilization conditions, as long as ensureing that the dendrobium candidum after sterilization immersion exists
It is aseptic during draining.
The time that this is drained holds minimum guarantee dendrobium candidum surface without the globule.
In one embodiment, in the step S03 aseptic packaging treatment using being dendrobium candidum after draining using PVC or
The packaging bag of LDPE materials carries out aseptic packaging treatment.More preferably aseptic packaging treatment is carried out with the packaging bag of PVC material.
Chilling treatment in step S03 is that the dendrobium candidum packed after finishing is placed in conventional refrigerating chamber to carry out
Cold storing and fresh-keeping.In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the chilling treatment is set as 0-5 DEG C.In a particular embodiment, the chilling treatment
Temperature be set as 3 DEG C.In a preferred embodiment, the temperature fluctuation amplitude during chilling treatment is less than 1 DEG C.This is preferably store
Hide temperature and not only can guarantee that dendrobium candidum there are sensory evaluation scores higher, weight-loss ratio is also controlled in reduced levels, while again can be effective
Suppress growth of microorganism.
The later stage of the chilling treatment process in step S03 mainly influences the factor of product quality for the breeding of mould,
In order to further prolong storage period, also include carrying out the sterilization again to the dendrobium candidum in refrigeration during chilling treatment
The step of aseptic packaging treatment and the chilling treatment being carried out after being drained in sterilizing, the gnotobasis.Can specifically treat cold
The mould quantity detection of the dendrobium candidum in the treatment of Tibetan is carried out as in step S02 to dendrobium candidum again when reaching 104 rank
The step of aseptic packaging treatment and the chilling treatment being carried out after being drained in gnotobasis in sterilization treatment, step S03.
From the foregoing, above-mentioned dendrobium candidum preservation method is combined together by precooling and sterilisation step, effectively reduce
Operating procedure, shortens the process time of sample, and immersion type precooling can avoid the loss of surface moisture.Carried out by aseptic packaging
Dendrobium candidum freshness date can be extended to more than 6 months by chilling treatment, and moisture loss is few, and weight-loss ratio is low；And cause iron sheet stone
Dry measure used in former times can keep original composition, color and luster, brittleness；The pre-treatment of dendrobium candidum and storage are residual without any harmful substance simultaneously
Stay, more meet the development trend of healthy food, dendrobium candidum composition is had no significant effect just because of pretreatment process and nothing has
Evil material residual, the processing method irregularly can repeatedly be carried out in storage, to extend storage period.
Dendrobium candidum preservation method is further illustrated below by way of multiple embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, it comprises the following steps：
S11:Pluck in Guangdong immortality source bio tech ltd planting base, selection 1-2 gives birth to dendrobium candidum, and will
After harvesting dendrobium candidum removal blade it is cleaned, drain the water after it is stand-by；
S12:Cleaned dendrobium candidum is placed in 3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol and soaks 3,5,10 minutes to enter respectively
Row sterilization treatment；
S13:By the dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment using using PVC one side thickness after air-drying under uviol lamp
The freshness protection package packaging of 0.03mm, often wraps about 20-30g, packaging after after precooling 1-2h in 3 DEG C or so freezers respectively at 0 ± 0.5
DEG C, 1 ± 0.5 DEG C, 3 ± 0.5 DEG C, 5 ± 0.5 DEG C refrigerated.
Embodiment 2
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, it comprises the following steps：
S21:Pluck in Guangdong immortality source bio tech ltd planting base, selection 1-2 gives birth to dendrobium candidum, and will
After harvesting dendrobium candidum removal blade it is cleaned, drain the water after it is stand-by；
S22:Cleaned dendrobium candidum is placed in immersion in 3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to be carried out at sterilizing for 3 minutes
Reason；
S23:By the dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment using using LDPE one side thickness after air-drying under uviol lamp
The freshness protection package packaging of 0.03mm, often wraps about 20-30g, and packaging is carried out after precooling 1-2h in 3 DEG C or so freezers after 5 ± 0.5 DEG C
Refrigeration.
Embodiment 3
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, it comprises the following steps：
S31:Pluck in Guangdong immortality source bio tech ltd planting base, selection 1-2 gives birth to dendrobium candidum, and will
After harvesting dendrobium candidum removal blade it is cleaned, drain the water after it is stand-by；
S32:Cleaned dendrobium candidum is placed in immersion in 2 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to be carried out at sterilizing for 5 minutes
Reason；
S33:By the dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment using using PVC one side thickness after air-drying under uviol lamp
The freshness protection package packaging of 0.03mm, often wraps about 20-30g, and packaging is carried out after precooling 1-2h in 3 DEG C or so freezers after 3 ± 0.5 DEG C
Refrigeration.
Embodiment 4
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, it comprises the following steps：
S41:Pluck in Guangdong immortality source bio tech ltd planting base, selection 1-2 gives birth to dendrobium candidum, and will
After harvesting dendrobium candidum removal blade it is cleaned, drain the water after it is stand-by；
S42:Cleaned dendrobium candidum is placed in immersion in 1 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol to be carried out at sterilizing for 8 minutes
Reason；
S43:By the dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment using using PVC one side thickness after air-drying under uviol lamp
The freshness protection package packaging of 0.03mm, often wraps about 20-30g, and packaging is carried out after precooling 1-2h in 3 DEG C or so freezers after 5 ± 0.5 DEG C
Refrigeration.
Embodiment 5
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, its preparation method is such as embodiment 1, difference, after packaged treatment
Dendrobium candidum cold storage procedure in, when the mould quantity of dendrobium candidum to be detected reaches 104 grades, dendrobium candidum is carried out again as
With step S11 in embodiment 1 to step S03 treatment.
Comparison example 1
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, such as embodiment 1, difference is by 3 in embodiment 1 to its preparation method
DEG C 75% edible ethanol in 3 minutes sterilization treatments of immersion be changed to ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
Comparison example 2
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, such as embodiment 1, difference is by 3 in embodiment 1 to its preparation method
DEG C 75% edible ethanol in soak 3 minutes sterilization treatments be changed to 0.1Mpa high steam processs.
Comparison example 3
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, such as embodiment 1, difference is by embodiment 1 to its preparation method
The freshness protection package packaging of PVC one side thickness 0.03mm is changed to the composite evacuated packaging bags of PA/PE, and one side thickness is 0.10mm.
Comparison example 4
A kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, such as embodiment 1, difference is by embodiment 1 to its preparation method
The freshness protection package packaging of PVC one side thickness 0.03mm is changed to the composite evacuated packaging bags of PA/PE, and one side thickness is 0.10mm.
Correlated performance is tested
1. sterilization treatment measure of merit：
Step S12 in above-described embodiment 1 is respectively 0,1,3,5, carry out within 10min minutes sterilization treatment after determine micro- life
Thing survival condition；
According to the method for above-mentioned comparison example 1, by fresh dendrobium candidum it is cleaned, drain the water after, be laid in ultra-clean work
In platform, dendrobium candidum is processed using ultraviolet irradiation, irradiation time is respectively 0,5,10,15,20min, period uniformly turns over
Move once, determination sample microbial survival situation after treatment.
Above-mentioned comparison example 2 is carried out into high-temperature short-time sterilization treatment to dendrobium candidum surface by the way of injection, is processed
Time is respectively 0,3,5,10,15s, superclean bench is immediately transferred into after the completion for the treatment of, and determine micro- life of sample after treatment
Thing survival condition.
According to the method described above to dendrobium candidum sterilization processing after, at different reserve temperatures (5 DEG C, 25 DEG C) after sealed package
Lower continuous observation, observation in every 7 days once, and records situation of going mouldy, and for the treatment group gone mouldy, opens product after bag cleaning
Taste.Organoleptic quality respectively to dendrobium candidum, microorganism and moisture carry out test analysis, wherein microbioassay method ginseng respectively
(GB-4789.2-2010) is determined according to mould and yeast counts (GB4789.15-2010), total plate count, determination of moisture ginseng
According to GB5009.3-2010.Result is as follows after measured：
Medicinal alcohol sterilizing test result as described in Table 1, test by the ultraviolet irradiation sterilizing of comparison example 1 in 1.1 embodiments 1
As described in Table 2, the high pressure steam sterilization test result of comparison example 2 is as described in Table 3 for result：
Influence (CFU/g) of the ethanol postincubation time of table 1 to dendrobium candidum sterilization effect
From table 2 it can be seen that the bacterium colony of dendrobium candidum surface mould and saccharomycete is less than during ethanol postincubation 3,5,10min
10cfu/g, in ethanol postincubation 3min and 5min, dendrobium candidum surface bacteria total plate count difference is not obvious, but in treatment
After 10min, total plate count significantly decreases, but at the same time, due to dendrobium candidum, prolonged immersion causes in alcohol
Epidermal pigment dissolution, this can produce certain influence, consider to the exterior quality of product, and the ethanol postincubation time is selected in 3min
It is the optimization process time.
Sterilization effect (CFU/g) of the time of ultraviolet irradiation of table 2 to dendrobium candidum
As shown in Table 2, although the micro organism quantity with the extension dendrobium candidum epidermis of time of ultraviolet irradiation is gradually subtracting
It is small, but still have a small amount of mould, a saccharomycete after 20min is irradiated, the presence of more bacterium, this is to follow-up long-term storage
It is very unfavorable.
Influence (CFU/g) of the high steam of table 3 to dendrobium candidum sterilization effect
The microorganism detection result of contrast table 1- tables 3 can be seen that in three kinds of sterilization methods ethanol postincubation and high steam all
The content of microorganisms on dendrobium candidum surface can be effectively killed or reduce, and the sterilization effect of ultraviolet irradiation is worst, this may be with
The irregular surface configuration of sterilization idiocratic and dendrobium candidum of ultraviolet has compared with Important Relations.
In 1.2 embodiment 1-4 medicinal alcohol sterilizing after organoleptic quality test result as shown in table 4,5, comparison example 1
Ultraviolet irradiation sterilizes organoleptic quality test result as shown in table 6,7：
25 DEG C of influences preserved to its organoleptic quality after the ethanol postincubation of table 4
Note：" +++ " represents that outward appearance, mouthfeel are normal, the change without other influence organoleptic qualities.
5 DEG C of influences preserved to its organoleptic quality after the ethanol postincubation of table 5
25 DEG C of influences preserved to its organoleptic quality after the high steam processs of table 6
* discoloration 10% represents the quantity (bar) and the ratio for being stored in total quantity at this temperature in the dendrobium candidum for having changed colour
Value.
5 DEG C of influences preserved to its organoleptic quality after the high steam processs of table 7
Consolidated statement 1-7 understands that three kinds of sterilization method mesohigh steam sterilizing sterilization effects are optimal, but instantaneous high-temperature effect meeting
Color and luster and mouthfeel of the influence dendrobium candidum during preservation and freshness；Alcohol-pickled sterilizing can not only obtain preferably sterilizing effect
Really, the organoleptic quality to dendrobium candidum in storage almost has no adverse effect, the fresh-keeping effect of comprehensive storage period, uses
75% alcohol can obtain comparatively ideal sterilization effect to iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product immersion treatment 3min.
2. influence test of the packing processes mode after sterilization treatment to dendrobium candidum fresh-keeping effect：
Above-described embodiment 1,2 and the dendrobium candidum of comparison example 3 are entered through the 75% of 3 DEG C food-grade alcohol to dendrobium candidum
The treatment of row immersion type, soak time is 3min, is air-dried under uviol lamp, and packaging often wraps about 20-30g.And sample after measure treatment immediately
The clump count of product mould.Influence for observation Different Package material and manner of packing to dendrobium candidum quality after treatment, sample warp
After packaging at 5 DEG C continuous observation, once, recording surface goes mouldy situation, and carries out subjective appreciation to it for observation in every 7 days.Wherein,
Measure of going mouldy uses above-mentioned GB4789.15-2010 standards, and sensory evaluation is evaluated according to the standard of such as table 8 below.
Sensory evaluation scores standard in the dendrobium candidum storage of table 8
After tested, Analyses Methods for Sensory Evaluation Results such as table 9 below
The Different Package sample sensory evaluation scores result of table 9
As can be seen from the above results, after preservation 91d at 5 DEG C, the vacuum-packed dendrobium candidum sensory evaluation scores of PA/PE are most
It is low, only 58.0 points, and put up the best performance in every respect using the dendrobium candidum that PVC packaging material are packed, the iron sheet of LDPE packagings
Stem of noble dendrobium sensory evaluation scores are placed in the middle.First from accounting for a point highest sensory analysis, the dendrobium candidum of PA/PE complex pockets packaging is in storage the
During 49d, there is obvious alcohol smell and tart flavour, and with the extension of storage time, tart flavour is also being aggravated；In LDPE packagings
Sample free from extraneous odour in storage is produced, and only when 77d is preserved, the fiber sense brought after chewing strengthens；And PVC is packed
Sample preserve 91d when mouthfeel it is still without exception.
Analyzed from color and luster, yellowing phenomenon occurred in the composite evacuated packaging bags of PA/PE product when 42d is preserved, at the 77th day
When packaging bag in all of the above of sample 90% discoloration；Go out on dendrobium candidum surface during Sample Storage the 49th day in LDPE packagings
Existing tiny stain, when preserving the 63rd day, there is a small amount of fungal hyphae in dendrobium candidum two；Sample in PVC packagings is then at three kinds
Color and luster keeps optimal in packaging, and during storage 77d, a small amount of blackspot occurs in surface.In three kinds of manner of packings, PA/PE is vacuum-packed
Sample is due to little moisture loss, plumpness highest；Sample in LDPE and PVC packaging bags has a small amount of dehydration, and surface loses original light
Pool, plumpness reduction.From pack environment analysis, PA/PE vacuum packaging material thickness is big in three kinds of packaging material, gas permeability is small,
And the moisture accumulation that the packaging bag after vacuumizing easily oozes out sample so that there is water to gather in PA/PE vacuum packaging bags, this is right
The qualitative effects of product are very big；There is a small amount of globule when preserving the 49th day in LDPE packaging bags, and the globule contains in PVC pack environments
Amount is few compared with LDPE packagings, is adapted to the storage of dendrobium candidum.
Therefore, under 5 DEG C of reserve temperatures, the grade of fit fresh-keeping to dendrobium candidum is ordered as in three kinds of manner of packings：PVC is sealed
Mouth is packed, LDPE sealings packaging, PA/PE are vacuum-packed, and PVC is sealed and packed to dendrobium candidum during 91d is preserved, mouth
Sense, color and luster, plumpness and pack environment have sensory evaluation scores higher.
Influence of the Different Package to weight-loss ratio is as shown in table 10：
Weight-loss ratio of each group sample of table 10 in storage
Note：Analyzed using Duncan ' s multiple range test methods, the different letters of same row represent conspicuousness
Difference (p<0.05, n=3)
As can be seen from Table 10, the 3rd group of sample weight loss rate is minimum, weightless to the 77th day since preserving the 14th day
Rate maintains essentially in the fluctuation range of very little, and the 1st group of sample weight loss rate highest, 7.79% is reached at the 77th day, with the 2nd
Group sample 4.52% and the 3rd group the 2.97% of sample show significant difference.
The reason for causing weightless in dendrobium candidum preservation process potentially includes three parts, and one is the loss of moisture, and two is mould
The breeding of the microorganisms such as bacterium causes nutrient loss, and sample itself respiratory metabolism in addition is also a reason for causing weightlessness.Three kinds
The oxygen permeating amount and rate of perviousness of PA/PE are minimum in packaging material, and the sample weight loss rate that this allows for its packaging is minimum, LDPE bags
Package material is compared with PVC, and rate of perviousness is small, but its weight-loss ratio is far longer than the sample of PVC packagings, and prolonging with the preservation time
Long, difference is increasing between both weight-loss ratios.Analysis reason, this has very big from two kinds of different oxygen permeating amounts of packaging material
Relation, the transmitance of oxygen directly affects the mould reproduction speed and respiratory metabolism intensity of dendrobium candidum, oxygen-free environment or thoroughly
The excessive packaging material of oxygen amount have harmful effect to the fresh-keeping effect of dendrobium candidum, select the fresh-keeping of suitable oxygen permeating amount
Material is particularly important to extending the freshness date of dendrobium candidum.
Different Package is as shown in table 11 to the influence that mould changes：
Mould breeds situation (CFU/g) in the storage of table 11
As can be seen from Table 11, sample is all controlled in 10cfu/g by its contained mould quantity after pre-treatment, but the 1st group
When 63d is preserved, there is obvious bacterial plaque and mycelia to sample in surface, and the 2nd group of sample is on dendrobium candidum surface when 77d is preserved
There is mycelia and bacterial plaque, what is showed particularly at two tissue damage of sample is especially prominent.And the 3rd group of sample is due to using
Be vacuum packaging, in the case of anaerobic and low temperature, mould breeding be suppressed, so in its fungi count of whole storage period
Amount is all controlled in a relatively low level, but because vacuum-packed sample sensory evaluation scores are minimum in three groups of samples, so this
Secondary experiment is preferable with PVC packaging effects.Because alcohol sterilizing can not kill mycotic spore, cause mould or the mycotic spore of residual
Still can breed under certain condition.
Therefore, by table 9,11, PVC material packaging bag is keeping the organoleptic quality of sample, control weight-loss ratio and mould
The growth and breeding aspect of bacterium is superior to LDPE, although the composite evacuated packaging bags of PA/PE under deoxidation air-proof condition to weight-loss ratio and
Fungus growth Reproductive manipulation is preferable, but the reduction of the organoleptic quality for occurring simultaneously determines the manner of packing to dendrobium candidum not
Properly.
3. the quality comparison after embodiment 1 is refrigerated
Iron sheet stone after method according to above-described embodiment 1 refrigerates dendrobium candidum 3 months and 6 months and in step S01
Dry measure used in former times fresh goods carries out attributional analysis, its result such as table 12：
Table 12 preserves front and rear dendrobium candidum quality preservation
* polyoses content：Calculated by dry product, with DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS (C6H12O6) meter.
As shown in Table 12, carried out according to dendrobium candidum preservation method of the present invention fresh-keeping, dendrobium candidum freshness date can be extended
To more than 6 months, and moisture loss was few, and weight-loss ratio is low；At the same time original composition, color and luster, brittleness can also be effectively kept, is protected
Card dendrobium candidum commodity value.In addition, the method does not have the residual of harmful substance, environmental protection.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of dendrobium candidum preservation method, comprises the following steps：
By dendrobium candidum defoliation and cleaning treatment after harvesting；
Cleaned dendrobium candidum is carried out into precooling to be processed with sterilization；Wherein, the precooling is processed with sterilization
It is to be placed in cleaned dendrobium candidum to soak sterilization treatment 3-10min in 1-3 DEG C of 75% edible ethanol；
After carrying out aseptic packaging treatment after dendrobium candidum after sterilization treatment is drained in gnotobasis, in temperature
To carry out chilling treatment under conditions of 0-5 DEG C；And the dendrobium candidum after being drained in gnotobasis uses PVC or LDPE materials
Packaging bag carry out aseptic packaging treatment.
2. dendrobium candidum preservation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dendrobium candidum 1-3 DEG C 75%
The time 3min of sterilization treatment is soaked in edible ethanol.
3. dendrobium candidum preservation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The gnotobasis is ultraviolet sterilization
Gnotobasis.
4. dendrobium candidum preservation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The temperature of the chilling treatment is 3 DEG C.
5. dendrobium candidum preservation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Temperature wave during the chilling treatment
Dynamic amplitude is less than 1 DEG C.
6. dendrobium candidum preservation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is right also to include during the chilling treatment
Dendrobium candidum in refrigeration carries out carrying out aseptic packaging treatment and institute after draining in the sterilization, the gnotobasis again
The step of stating chilling treatment.
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| CN104798770A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-07-29 | 云南久丽康源石斛开发有限公司 | Preservation method for dendrobium officinale |
| CN104843352A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 柳州市耕青科技有限公司 | Preservation method for dendrobium officinale in transportation |
| CN105341617A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-02-24 | 青海泰柏特生物科技有限公司 | Circulation steam sterilization method for Chinese wolfberry fruit powder |
| CN105146235A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-16 | 青海泰柏特生物科技有限公司 | Method for killing microorganisms on surfaces of dry wolfberry fruits through circulating water vapor |
| WO2017080497A1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | 上海张江中药制药工程技术研究中心 | Method for retaining freshness of medicinal materials |
| CN106421426A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-22 | 张家港昊盛实业投资有限公司 | Dendrobium officinale powder and making method thereof |
| CN106819763A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-13 | 苏州净瑞环保科技有限公司 | The preservation method of fly maggot |
| CN110463751A (en) * | 2018-12-16 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of preservation method and fresh-keeping system improving dendrobium candidum storage quality |
| CN113180102A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-30 | 云南云蓝蓝莓科技开发有限公司 | Blueberry storage and preservation method |
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