CN102986841B - Method for retaining freshness of bamboo shoots for pandas - Google Patents
Method for retaining freshness of bamboo shoots for pandas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986841B CN102986841B CN201210509367.7A CN201210509367A CN102986841B CN 102986841 B CN102986841 B CN 102986841B CN 201210509367 A CN201210509367 A CN 201210509367A CN 102986841 B CN102986841 B CN 102986841B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for retaining freshness of bamboo shoots for pandas. The freshness of the bamboo shoots for the pandas is retained by a low-temperature ozone treatment freshness retaining technology for the first time; and compared with chemical medicine freshness retaining, coating film freshness retaining, air conditioning freshness retaining and quick-freezing freshness retaining, the method has the advantages that chemical medicine residues are eliminated, the safety is high, equipment and the technology are simple and are easy to operate, the freshness retaining cost is low, and large-scale freshness retaining can be realized; and the method is suitable for captive panda breeding institutions. After the bamboo shoots for pandas is retained for 20 days, a preservation index, a nutrient index and a germ change total number of the bamboo shoots are detected, and the detection results are that the rotted rate of the bamboo shoots is within 9 percent, the water loss is within 4 percent, the gain rate of crude fiber content is within 17 percent, the decrease amount of crude protein is within 7.5 percent, and the total germ number is less than 105 cfu/g. The bamboo shoots which are preserved for 20 days are used for feeding the pandas with high sense of smell and taste; and the amount of the preserved bamboo shoots taken by the pandas and the food taking time are not obviously different from those of new bamboo shoots.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Techniques of preserving of a kind of fruit or vegetables, particularly relate to a kind of preservation method of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot.
Background technology
Giant panda happiness food bamboo shoots, Giant Panda be take bamboo shoots as staple food in summer and autumn.Captive Giant Panda is due in situ conservation, and protection ground and strange land, bamboo shoots producing region, transport protection ground to after normally bamboo shoots being gathered and supply with giant panda.Bamboo shoots storage tolerance not after plucking, the one, because bamboo shoots are eugonic buds, after plucking, physiological activity is strong, is accompanied by vigorous metabolic process, moisture and nutritional labeling in the bamboo shoot body are lost by otch, cause ageing of bamboo shoot; The 2nd, because extraneous germ also can enter to soak the bamboo shoot body by otch, cause that bamboo shoots are rotten.In order to guarantee the fresh and safety of Captive Giant Panda Edible bamboo shoot, often take bamboo shoots same day to pluck, be transported to protection mechanism feed giant panda across ground the same day, can expend a large amount of human and material resources like this.If after bamboo shoots being concentrated to harvesting, carry out fresh-retaining preserving in enormous quantities, for the giant panda of feeding, can reduce the bamboo shoots cost.Simultaneously, the generation of Wenchuan violent earthquake, cause large-area landslide, cause the bamboo grove large tracts of land to be damaged, the factors such as geography change in addition, barrier lake formation, not only the migration of Giant Panda and food are obtained and caused totally unfavorable impact in locality, and the source of the edible bamboo of Captive Giant Panda, bamboo shoots also has been subject to serious threat, highlight the importance of setting up long-term reliable and stable giant panda food service system, wherein, the fresh-retaining preserving problem that solves giant panda Edible bamboo shoot etc. is to set up giant panda food service system key.
Carry out fresh bamboo shoots preservation, need emphasis to solve two aspect problems: on the one hand, need to reduce the refreshing bamboo shoots physiologically active, avoid bamboo shoots to cause dehydration, institutional framework aging because of vigorous physiological activity; On the other hand, prevent that bacterial micro-organism from infecting, cause bamboo shoots to rot.At present, the fresh bamboo shoots preservation technique mainly comprises that chemical agent is fresh-keeping, coating-film fresh-keeping, controlled atmosphere and quick-freezing fresh-keeping etc.
Chemical agent is fresh-keeping is to utilize chemical addition agent (being anticorrisive agent) to carry out sterilization processing to bamboo shoots, to control its rotten fresh-keeping method, is to apply at present maximum preservation method for bamboo shoots." Chinese fruit and vegetable " 2003 (6): the 32-33 periodical has been stepped on the article that the author is Pan Bin " the safe and harmless antistaling agent of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami and modified atmosphere storage technology research [J] ", select color stabilizer, in conjunction with carboxymethyl cellulose autogamy fresh-keeping liquid, after the bamboo shoots immersion treatment, pack in the PE bag film, (main component is FeSO to add antistaling agent
4, peroxide, carrier etc.), in 2～4 ℃ of storages 30 days, better kept the quality of green bamboo shoot.2002 " Food Science " 23 (10): the 102-105 periodical has been stepped on the article " different antistaling agents discussion [J] to bamboo shoots fibrillatable and fresh-keeping effect " of author for Xu Li, Lu Jiagui ,Liu Wan army, adopt the solid fumigant of peace happiness training (active ingredient is the 1-methyl cyclopropene) and sodium sulfite preparation, and with after the PEF blister-pack, under (1 ± 0.5) ℃, carrying out the bamboo shoots preservation and freshness, the respiration that can suppress significantly the bamboo shoot body, slow down cellulosic increase, what make the bamboo shoot body agingly is subject to obvious inhibition, and freshness date at least reached more than 30 days.
The coating-film fresh-keeping method is in the bamboo shoot surface and the surface of a wound is coated with the high molecular liquid film of last layer, becomes the very thin well-proportioned film of one deck after drying, thereby suppresses the gas exchange of bright bamboo shoot and air, reduce respiratory intensity, reduce the consumption of nutriment, moisture loss and microbial infection, play preservation.Class coating material mainly contains chitosan coating, the taro Glucomannan that rubs is filmed.The general technology flow process of coating-film fresh-keeping comprises: root and bottom bamboo shoot shell → the protect look → green grass or young crops of going out → film → dry up → plastics package → storage is cleaned → removed to bamboo shoots.2002 " Food Science " 23 (4): the 123-126 periodical has been stepped on the article that the author is Hua Shunan, Li Gongguo " chitosan coating refreshing bamboo shoots research [J] ", select 1.5% shitosan to sneak into the plastics processing band shell slender bamboo shoot that 1.0% ethyl-para-hydroxybenzoate is made, at 4 ℃ of low temperature, under relative temperature 94% condition, preservation and freshness is 25 days.
Bamboo shoots controlled atmosphere technology refers to the gas componant of adjusting the bamboo shoots storage environment, causes the hypoxia-hypercapania environment, with the metabolism of inhibition bamboo shoot body and the activity of microorganism, reaches fresh-keeping purpose." Bamboo research transactions " 2l (1) in 2002: the 41-45 periodical has been stepped on the article that the author is Zhang Zhifen, Yang Wenge, Huang Xiaochun, Wang Wei's flood " impact [J] on the bamboo shoots storage of radiation and controlled atmosphere ", by moso bamboo shoot, with after the tin foil parcel, being packaged in venting condition is 2%0
2, 5%C0
2, 93%N
2in polythene film bag, under the low temperature of 4 ℃ of left and right, preserve, within 60 days, still can keep good interior quality.
The bamboo shoots quick-freezing fresh-keeping technique refers to the processing method with low-temperature quick-freezing mode preservation bamboo shoots, after bamboo shoots are freezed, inner biochemical process stops, due to the most of frozen Cheng Bing of contained humidity, microorganism is without the necessary moisture of life, and low temperature has also hindered the movable and breeding of microorganism, thereby bamboo shoots preservation for a long time." Bamboo research transactions " 15 (3) in 1996: the 33-38 periodical has been stepped on the article " spring shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens Study on preservation technique [J] " that the author is Liu Yaorong, Qiu Fugeng, moso bamboo shoot is contained in polyethylene plastic bag, pump a bag interior air, under-18 ℃ of low temperature after quick-frozen 30 minutes, proceed under the cold storage at constant temperature of l ℃ of left and right and preserve, can preserve more than 3 months.
The medicament of fresh chemically utilization mostly is anticorrisive agent, bactericide and antioxidant, and the food-safety problem that chemical medicinal residue is brought is very important, tends to few use or without chemicals on bright bamboo shoot are fresh-keeping.The coating-film fresh-keeping operation is loaded down with trivial details, and coating fresh-keeping technology is as misapplication, can play opposite effect to fresh-retaining preserving, as inadequate to the environment disinfected dynamics, or the bamboo shoot body carries disease germs, be the good culture medium of microorganism owing to being coated with the contained sucrose of film component, shitosan, starch etc., often cause class coating material at first to pollute, then cause the bamboo shoot body and rot.Storage environment gas regulating equipment in the controlled atmosphere technology, the vacuum extractor related in quick-freezing fresh-keeping and the configuration of ultralow temperature storehouse etc., the hardware facility required to fresh-retaining preserving requires high, and bamboo shoots fresh-keeping cost in storage is high, Captive Giant Panda mechanism does not generally possess corresponding fresh bamboo shoots preservation condition.Simultaneously, above preservation technique and fresh-keeping result mostly based on small-scale experiment aspect, can the technology of large-scale application yet there are no report on producing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be a kind of by reducing new fresh bamboo shoots physiologically active, anti-bacteria microbial infection bamboo shoot body, extend the fresh bamboo shoots preservation storage time, set up without any chemical agent add, guarantee giant panda search for food safe, fresh-keeping with low cost, workable, be easy to the preservation method at the giant panda Edible bamboo shoot of each Panda protection mechanism for implementing and popularization.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the preservation method of a kind of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) before bamboo shoots are put into cold storage plant, cold storage plant is carried out disinfection, open the cold storage plant ventilation after sterilization;
(2) bamboo shoots are put into cold storage plant same day, and the cold storage plant temperature setting is set to 1～4 ℃, until the cold storage plant temperature constant, during at 1～4 ℃, bamboo shoots are put into to cold storage plant, shut cold storage plant, in the time of 1～4 ℃ to bamboo shoots precooling 1～3 hour;
(3) after the bamboo shoots precooling finishes, the temperature setting of cold storage plant is set to 3～6 ℃, relative humidity and is set to 90%～95%, until the cold storage plant temperature constant, when 3～6 ℃, relative humidity reach 90%～95%, bamboo shoots is carried out to ozone treatment first;
(4), after completing first the bamboo shoots ozone treatment, the cold storage plant temperature constant is controlled to 90%～95% at 3～6 ℃, relative humidity;
(5) after this, every 24 hours, bamboo shoots are carried out to follow-up ozone treatment, the cold storage plant temperature constant is controlled to 90%～95% at 3～6 ℃, relative humidity.
Described follow-up ozone treatment be first after ozone treatment for the second time and later ozone treatment process.
The preservation method of described a kind of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot, its sterilization is according to 7～12 milliliters/cubic metre, 30～55% concentration formaldehyde, potassium permanganate 3～8 grams/cubic meter consumption, formaldehyde is poured in potassium permanganate, then formaldehyde and potassium permanganate mixed liquor are spilled into or spray into cold storage plant, shut cold storage plant 2～3 hours.
The preservation method of described a kind of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot, after its bamboo shoots are put into cold storage plant, bamboo shoots are controlled in 4 layers in the stacking number of plies of cold storage plant.
The preservation method of described a kind of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot, its first ozone treatment be that to adopt concentration be 15～30mg/m
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 30～40 minutes.
The preservation method of described a kind of giant panda Edible bamboo shoot, it is 15～30mg/m that its follow-up ozone treatment adopts concentration
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 20 minutes.
Because the present invention uses low temperature bond ozone treatment preservation technique first, to the giant panda Edible bamboo shoot, carry out fresh-keeping,, coating-film fresh-keeping fresh-keeping with chemical agent, controlled atmosphere and quick-freezing fresh-keeping etc. are compared, have advantages of not containing chemical medicinal residue, safe, equipment and simple and easy to operate, the fresh-keeping cost of technology is low, can be on a large scale fresh-keeping, be very suitable for each Captive Giant Panda mechanism for implementing; After giant panda often eats 20 days fresh bamboo shoots preservation phases, bamboo shoots are preserved to index, nutritive index and total number of bacteria variation testing result is: the bamboo shoots rotting rate is in 9%, and percentage of water loss is in 4%, and crude fibre content increment rate is in 17%, the crude protein reduction is in 7.5%, and total number of bacteria is less than 10
5cfu/g.The giant panda that the bamboo shoots of fresh-keeping 20 days are fed to sense of smell, have a sharp sense of taste, giant panda search for food time that the amount and completing of refreshing bamboo shoots searches for food with search for food new bamboo shoots of plucking relatively, there was no significant difference.
The specific embodiment
New fresh bamboo shoots is put into freezer the previous day, 7～12 milliliters/cubic metre, formaldehyde, potassium permanganate 3～8 grams/cubic meter consumption according to 30～55% concentration, formaldehyde is poured in potassium permanganate, then formaldehyde and potassium permanganate mixed liquor are spilled into or spray into freezer, shut freezer and carry out disinfection in 2～3 hours.After sterilization, open the cold-storage door ventilation.
New fresh bamboo shoots warehouse-in same day, Ku Wen is set to 1～4 ℃, constant during at 1～4 ℃ until storehouse temperature, and new fresh bamboo shoots is put into to freezer, and while stacking new fresh bamboo shoots, the new fresh bamboo shoots stacking number of plies is controlled in 4 layers; Then shut freezer, constant during at 1～4 ℃ until the storehouse temperature, under this storehouse temperature to bamboo shoots precooling 1～3 hour.
After new fresh bamboo shoots precooling finishes, resetting the storehouse temperature is 3～6 ℃, and relative humidity is 90%～95%.Treat that constant relative humidity reaches 90%～95% to the storehouse temperature at 3～6 ℃, carries out ozone treatment first to bamboo shoots.The concentration of ozone treatment employing first is 15～30mg/m
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 30～40 minutes.Ozone treatment finishes first, completes the work for the treatment of of new fresh bamboo shoots warehouse-in.
After completing the processing of new fresh bamboo shoots warehouse-in, the storehouse temperature is constant in 3～6 ℃, and relative humidity, 90%～95%, was then carried out follow-up ozone treatment every 24 hours to bamboo shoots.It is that concentration is 15～30mg/m that follow-up ozone treatment adopts concentration
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 20 minutes.
During fresh fresh bamboo shoots preservation, reduce and enter the freezer number of times as far as possible.Frequently entering freezer can cause fresh-keeping environments, comprises the fluctuation of temperature, humidity, gas componant, affects the fresh bamboo shoot fresh-keeping effect of bamboo.
Claims (1)
1. the preservation method of a giant panda Edible bamboo shoot comprises the following steps:
(1) before bamboo shoots are put into cold storage plant, cold storage plant is carried out disinfection, open the cold storage plant ventilation after sterilization; Sterilization is according to 7～12 milliliters/cubic metre, 30～55% concentration formaldehyde, potassium permanganate 3～8 grams/cubic meter consumption, and formaldehyde is poured in potassium permanganate, then formaldehyde and potassium permanganate mixed liquor is spilled into or sprays into cold storage plant, shuts cold storage plant 2～3 hours;
(2) bamboo shoots are put into cold storage plant same day, the cold storage plant temperature setting is set to 1～4 ℃, until the cold storage plant temperature constant during at 1～4 ℃, bamboo shoots are put into to cold storage plant, bamboo shoots are controlled in 4 layers in the stacking number of plies of cold storage plant, shut cold storage plant, in the time of 1～4 ℃ to bamboo shoots precooling 1～3 hour;
(3) after the bamboo shoots precooling finishes, the temperature setting of cold storage plant is set to 3～6 ℃, relative humidity and is set to 90%～95%, until the cold storage plant temperature constant, when 3～6 ℃, relative humidity reach 90%～95%, bamboo shoots is carried out to ozone treatment first; Ozone treatment is that employing concentration is 15～30mg/m first
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 30～40 minutes;
(4), after completing first the bamboo shoots ozone treatment, the cold storage plant temperature constant is controlled to 90%～95% at 3～6 ℃, relative humidity;
(5) after this, every 24 hours, bamboo shoots are carried out to follow-up ozone treatment, the cold storage plant temperature constant is controlled to 90%～95% at 3～6 ℃, relative humidity; It is 15～30mg/m that follow-up ozone treatment adopts concentration
3ozone carry out the lasting processing of 20 minutes.
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| CN201210509367.7A CN102986841B (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Method for retaining freshness of bamboo shoots for pandas |
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| CN103431030A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 江南大学 | Non-living body preservation method of bamboo shoot |
| CN104886229B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2018-07-10 | 浙江工商大学 | A kind of cold-storage and fresh-keeping method of the salicylic acid combination ozone treatment with bamboo shoot sheaths of bamboo shoots Dendrocalamopsis oldhami |
| CN114631538A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-06-17 | 中国大熊猫保护研究中心 | Disinfectant for panda colony house, preparation method and disinfection method |
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| KR20050035581A (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-04-19 | 이재춘 | A method of safekeeping ozonic sterilized bamboo fillet and bamboo flate |
| CN1327777C (en) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-07-25 | 陕西师范大学 | Technique for conserving fresh winter date |
| CN101228895B (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2011-01-12 | 仲恺农业技术学院 | Preservation and fresh-keeping method of fruits and vegetables |
| CN102150702B (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2013-04-03 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Freshness preservation method of winter jujube |
| CN102763715A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-11-07 | 苏州仁祥全保鲜科技有限公司 | Fresh-keeping processing and packaging process for berry like strawberry and blueberry berry |
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