CN109699430A - A kind of cultural method of iris - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of iris Download PDFInfo
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- CN109699430A CN109699430A CN201910060322.8A CN201910060322A CN109699430A CN 109699430 A CN109699430 A CN 109699430A CN 201910060322 A CN201910060322 A CN 201910060322A CN 109699430 A CN109699430 A CN 109699430A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of iris, the specific steps are as follows: 1, the preparation of matrix: by after sterilizing sphagna and oyster mushroom slag be uniformly mixed, obtain iris nutrient matrix；2, iris seedling replanting: 2.1, seedling adapts to room temperature；2.2, seedling removes: seedling being impregnated in 1:1000 times of carbendazim solution, is uniformly brushed on root system after cleaning by root-growing agent and water according to the taking root liquid that mass ratio is that 1:50-80 is formed；2.3, seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with nutrient matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups, is cultivated four months；2.4, middle seedling culture: middle seedling is fitted into 2.5 cun of cups, is cultivated four months；2.5, stock breeding: seedlings are fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, are cultivated four months, are catalyzed and are listed after being conserved.The cultural method of iris of the invention has high survival rate, cultivation period short, and the advantage of plant strain growth stalwartness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, more specifically, it relates to a kind of cultural method of iris.
Background technique
Phalaenopsis orchid family Phalaenopsis, scientific name Phalaenopsisamabilis.Originate in Tropical Asian subtropical zone high mountain
Area is distributed in a band island such as China Taiwan and Philippine and Java.Iris is evergreen draft, and stem is short, Ye great, scape
One to several pieces, it is arch, Hua great, butterfly-shaped.Shade tolerant happiness heat, is responsive to temperature type flowers, adaptability Yu Duowen and the environment divulged information.Butterfly
For orchid shaped like butterfly, color is gorgeous, is the treasure in hot bandwidth class, there is the good reputation of " queen in orchid ".It is existing by the breeding of last 100 years
The iris in generation is many kinds of, has become the kind of most extensive potting.
Iris originates in hylaeion hypotropicum, avoids extremely hot, dry, winter light requirement abundance, but the blade that can burn that is exposed to the sun.Due to
North of china in winter and spring are dry, and summer intensity of sunshine is big, and soil property is mostly alkalinity, such gas also more containing salt in water
It waits and soil keeps iris not high in cultivated in north survival rate, also, the cultivation period of iris is long, generally two-and-a-half years are left
It is right.
In the prior art, application No. is in the Chinese invention patent file of CN201310668438.2, a kind of butterfly is disclosed
The greenhouse cultivation method of phalaenopsis, the specific steps are as follows: water plant is cleaned, sterilization with clear water, obtain iris nutritive cube base
Matter；It is planted tissue culture room is entered after the cutting of iris bud arrow, after tissue cultures are at seedling plant division, control temperature, humidity and light
According into the feeding root phase after 12 months~13 months tissue culture phases；When supporting the root phase, when 3 roots of iris are completely full, move
Plant to diameter and be in 3.0 cun of plant alms bowls, when 4~5 root longs to it is complete full when migrate to diameter as in 3.5 cun of plant alms bowls, into
Row nutrient growth is cultivated, and was entered after 5 months~6 months feeding root phases and is urged the arrow phase；Urge the arrow phase and raise flowers the phase when, control temperature
Degree, humidity and illumination, entirely urging the planting time of arrow phase is 45 days~60 days, and the planting time for phase of entirely raising flowers is 5 days~8
It.
In existing this iris cultural method, although improving the survival rate of iris, entire cultivation period is
18 to 21 months, cultivation period was still longer, therefore provided a kind of high survival rate, the butterfly that cultivation period is short, plant strain growth is healthy and strong
Phalaenopsis cultural method is problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the first purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation side of iris
Method, it is short with high survival rate, cultivation period, and the advantage of plant strain growth stalwartness.
To realize above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that a kind of cultural method of iris, tool
Steps are as follows for body:
1, the preparation of matrix: taking out after sphagna and oyster mushroom slag are impregnated 3-4h in bactericidal liquid, then the steaming for being 90-95 DEG C in temperature
Sterilization 20-30min in vapour pond obtains being uniformly mixed according to mass ratio for 6-7:3-4, obtains iris nutrient matrix；
2, iris seedling replanting:
2.1, seedling adapts to room temperature: 1.3-1.5 cuns of iris seedling being placed in tissue culture bottle, bottleneck is sealed, is placed at room temperature
6-7 days；
2.2, seedling removes: iris seedling being removed from tissue culture bottle, and is immersed in the carbendazim for being 1:1000 by mass ratio
In the carbendazim solution of water composition, 2-3min is impregnated, pulls out, is rinsed well with clear water, and dipped with undercoat pen by mass ratio
For the taking root liquid that the root-growing agent and water of 1:50-80 form, it is evenly coated in the foundation of seedling；
2.3, seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups and is cultivated, and is 26-30 in temperature
DEG C, intensity of illumination 6000-8000Lux, humidity cultivates 4 months under conditions of being 55-75%RH；
2.4, it middle seedling culture: when the middle seedling of iris growth of seedling to 2.3-2.5 cuns, is transferred in 2.5 cun of cups, is in temperature
26-30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 10000-12000Lux, humidity cultivates 4 months under conditions of being 55-75%RH；
2.5, stock breeding: when iris seedlings grow to 3.3-3.5 cuns of seedlings, with the peat packet of fine a length of 20-40mm
The root system for wrapping up in iris is fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, temperature is 26-30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 20000-25000Lux, humidity are
It cultivates 4 months under conditions of 55-75%RH, is listed after carrying out flower forcing, maintenance.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, due to the matrix using sphagna and oyster mushroom slag as iris, sphagna and oyster mushroom
Slag is cheap, and is suitble to iris growth, on the one hand can reduce the cost of iris, on the other hand after the two mixing, because
Bulk density for oyster mushroom slag is smaller, so that the porosity of matrix increases, so that the root system of iris is made to have more spaces to stretch, from
And the survival rate and root system robustness of iris are improved, matrix is sterilized and disinfected, the bacterium in matrix can be prevented
The root system of iris seedling is caused to occur going mouldy or infect；Seedling is placed 6-7 days at room temperature again, seedling can be made to adapt to room temperature ring
Border prevents seedling when removing tissue culture bottle, does not adapt to environment and death occurs, when seedling is removed tissue culture bottle, uses carbendazim
Solution impregnates seedling, can carry out sterilization processing to seedling, reduce the rate of having an attack of one's old illness of seedling, raw in the root brushing root-growing agent of seedling
Root agent directly acts on seedling root, improves the function and effect of root-growing agent, enhances the vigor of root system, to seedling, middle seedling and seedlings
It is cultivated, entire cultivation cycle is 12 months, improves the survival rate of iris, shortens the cultivation period of iris, make
Iris robust growth.
Further, bactericidal liquid is prepared by following methods in the step 1: by 5-10 parts of polyacrylamides, 2-6 parts
Sodium salicylate, 5-8 part potassium permanganate, 1-5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 1-3 parts of radix scutellariaes, 1-3 parts of Fructus Forsythiaes, 300-400 parts of distilled water and 30-40
Part dehydrated alcohol is mixed, and by mixture, infusion 1-2h, filtering collect filtrate, filtrate are diluted with water at 80-100 DEG C
40-50 times is made bactericidal liquid.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, interaction between potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide can be improved bactericidal liquid
Bactericidal effect, while radix scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae all have the effect of sterilizing, polyacrylamide and sodium salicylate can promote butterfly
The growth of blue root system improves the survival rate of iris, so that bactericidal liquid is not only had bactericidal effect, also has and promote root growth
Effect, then make bactericidal liquid have bactericidal effect, can effectively inhibit the breeding of root bacterium, prevent the generation of root rot, mention
High-survival rate, radix scutellariae, Fructus Forsythiae belong to traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, have the advantages of safe and efficient, good antimicrobial effect.
Further, root-growing agent is made of following methods in the step 2.2:
(1) 2-4 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and 1-3 parts of potassium peroxides are ground into 3-5 microns of fine powder；(2) by 3-5 parts of 3-indolyl acetic acids, 1-3
Part rice vinegar and 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonates are added in 50-60 parts of pure water, are stirred 10-20min；It (3) will be in step (1)
Mixture obtained by smashed Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis fine powder and potassium peroxide fine powder and step (2) is mixed, and is stirred 20-30min, is added
Enter 10-15 parts of sodium bentonites, is mixed evenly.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, sodium bentonite is the nonmetallic minerals using montmorillonite as main mineral constituent,
In the layer structure that montmorillonite structure cell is formed there are certain cations, when sodium bentonite and water contact, these interlayer sun from
Son have the tendency that it is a kind of into water dissociate, spread, with cation disengaging, bentonite surface is negatively charged, at this time can be to solution
In cation generate Electrostatic Absorption, a portion cation and sodium bentonite are closely attracting, formation adsorption layer, remaining
Cation is evenly distributed in the liquid phase of surrounding with their aqueous solvent and forms diffusion layer, by this of sodium bentonite
Electric double layer characterization of adsorption is adsorbed root-growing agent component and is gathered into condensation product, has very strong stability and lasting slow release；
When sodium bentonite and water contact, the cotton-shaped hydrate that can be formed with 3-indolyl acetic acid is sufficiently merged, and forms paste colloid, property
Stablize, effective component caused by reducing because of watering is lost, and slow releasing function is significant；It is special using the moisture expantion of sodium bentonite
Property, the moisture content around root system can be made to keep relative stability, reduce water spray number；Utilize the pulping of sodium bentonite and viscous
Stickiness can make the attachment of this root-growing agent, be wrapped in the formation of root system surface holding effect, stable protective layer, root system can be isolated and connect with matrix
Touching, lasting stimulation are taken root, and achieve the effect that improve rooting rate.
Further, seedling, middle seedling and the every 1-2 days microspray irrigations of seedlings are primary in the step 2, when microspray irrigation, per minute
The sprinkling irrigation water consumption of consumption is 2.2-2.5 kilograms.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the sprinkling irrigation water consumption that when sprinkling irrigation uses is 2.2-2.5 kilograms, and rationally water is used in control
Amount prevents moisture to be deposited in root system position and causes rotten, improves survival rate.
Further, the temperature of the sprinkling irrigation water is 20-26 DEG C, and the hardness for water of spraying is lower than 50mg/L, and iron content is low
In 0.1mg/L.
Temperature by using above-mentioned technical proposal, water of spraying is close with room temperature, can avoid differing because of water temperature with room temperature compared with
Greatly, iris is lunged larger, causes iris dead, and be easy to cause matrix if, iron content higher if the hardness of water is larger
Alkalization, nutriment are lost, and iris survival rate reduces.
Further, it is carried out after seedling, middle seedling and seedlings microspray irrigation in the step 2 with fertilizer, Fertilizer application amount is 0.6-
0.8 kilogram/m2, fertilizer contains the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-10 parts of calcium sulfate, 5-10 parts of ammonium chlorides,
5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 400-800 parts of water.
It by using above-mentioned technical proposal, applies fertilizer after watering, fertilizer absorptivity, and potassium nitrate in fertilizer can be improved
The total content of middle nutrient for plants potassium and nitrogen is easy to absorb up to 50% or so, promotes Winter wheat, calcium sulfate, ammonium chloride and
Ferrous sulfate can promote seedling, middle seedling and seedlings growth.
Further, the temperature on daytime is 26-30 DEG C in the step 2.1, and nocturnal temperature is 23-25 DEG C, daytime and night
Between humidity be 60-80%RH.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, seedling is placed under normal temperature environment, seedling can be made to adapt to environment, subsequent
Growth in be not easy death, improve survival rate.
Further, seedling is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups in 2-3 days and does not water in the step 2.3.
It by using above-mentioned technical proposal, does not water immediately after transplanting, rewaters after matrix relatively dry, avoid matrix
More moist, there is rotten even dead phenomenon in the seedling weaker to adaptive capacity to environment, can improve the growth ring of root system
Border makes the root system of seedling adapt to its growing environment, improves survival rate.
Further, in the step 1 sphagna length be 3-5cm, width 1-1.5cm.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the length for controlling sphagna is 3-5cm, width 1-1.5cm, the water of suitable length
Tongue fur enables to more delicate seedlings root not stopped during the growth process by biggish sphagna, and good permeability, can make
Root system is fixed, and is had preferable retain water and nutrients to act on, is improved the growth rate of root system, keeps plant strain growth healthy and strong.
Further, the night cultivation temperature of seedling and middle seedling is 23-26 DEG C in the step 2, seedlings night culture temperature
Degree is 20-23 DEG C.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, train the night cultivation temperature of seedling, middle seedling and seedlings than the daytime of its own
It is slightly lower to support temperature, the respiration of organic matter can be reduced, reduces the consumption of organic matter, improves the speed of growth.
In conclusion the invention has the following advantages:
The first, due to using nutrient matrix of the mixture of sphagna and oyster mushroom slag as iris, sphagna in method of the invention
It is preferable with the gas permeability, water-retaining property and nutrient preserving capability of oyster mushroom slag, convenient for the root growth of iris, nutriment is provided for root system,
And after oyster mushroom slag and sphagna mixing, the hole for leaving root growth for increases, and promotes the fast-growth of root system, improves survival rate, makes
Iris root system is sturdy, robust growth.
The second, temperature, illumination and humidity are rationally controlled in method of the invention, make the growth speed of seedling, middle seedling and seedlings
Degree is fast, and the growth cycle of three phases is 3-4 months, only needs 9-12 months time before flowering, shortens the cultivation of iris
Train the period, use peat as the cultivation matrix of seedlings, the planting environment in the peat growing medium north preferably, can save the cost,
Improve flower characteristic.
By using potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, radix scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae as killing in bactericidal liquid in third, method of the invention
Bacterium ingredient cooperates polyacrylamide and sodium salicylate to use, because sodium salicylate and polyacrylamide can make root system fast-growth,
Make root system compared with thick, root hair is more, root system is more healthy and strong, therefore bactericidal liquid obtained can not only prevent root system from lesion occur, again
It can promote root growth, improve survival rate.
4th, main component of the sodium bentonite as root-growing agent is used in method of the invention, because of sodium bentonite
It can adhere to around root system, cooperate with rice vinegar, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and potassium peroxide etc., root-growing agent can be made to be dispersed in root system week
It encloses, and constantly provides nutriment for root system, to improve root growth speed, enhance the vigor of root system, improve survival rate.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to embodiments.
The preparation example 1-3 of bactericidal liquid
Radix scutellariae is selected from the record of the county Zhen Cheng and builds the radix scutellariae that the article No. of medicinal material stack sale is 119 in following preparation example, and Fructus Forsythiae is selected from Bozhou City
The Fructus Forsythiae that the article No. that prosperous health hall medicine company sale Co., Ltd sells is 18, polyacrylamide are selected from Renqiu City gold and praise the limited public affairs of chemical industry
The article No. that department sells is the polyacrylamide of JY-007.
Preparation example 1: by 5kg polyacrylamide, 2kg sodium salicylate, 5kg potassium permanganate, 1kg hydrogen peroxide, 1kg radix scutellariae, 1kg
Fructus Forsythiae, 300kg distilled water and 30kg dehydrated alcohol are mixed, and by mixture, filtrate is collected in infusion 1h, filtering at 80 DEG C,
Filtrate is diluted with water 40 times of obtained bactericidal liquids.
Preparation example 2: by 8kg polyacrylamide, 4kg sodium salicylate, 6kg potassium permanganate, 3kg hydrogen peroxide, 2kg radix scutellariae, 2kg
Fructus Forsythiae, 350kg distilled water and 35kg dehydrated alcohol are mixed, and by mixture, filter is collected in infusion 1.2h, filtering at 90 DEG C
Filtrate is diluted with water 45 times of obtained bactericidal liquids by liquid.
Preparation example 3: by 10kg polyacrylamide, 6kg sodium salicylate, 8kg potassium permanganate, 5kg hydrogen peroxide, 3kg radix scutellariae,
3kg Fructus Forsythiae, 400kg distilled water and 40kg dehydrated alcohol are mixed, and by mixture, filter is collected in infusion 2h, filtering at 100 DEG C
Filtrate is diluted with water 50 times of obtained bactericidal liquids by liquid.
The preparation example 4-6 of root-growing agent
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis is selected from the Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis that the article No. that Heng Gu pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltd in Bozhou sells is 001 in following preparation example, and rice vinegar is selected from wide
The rice vinegar that the article No. that state city Haizhu District Peng Hui trading firm sells is 0001, sodium lignin sulfonate are selected from Shanghai Yun Zhe new material section
The sodium lignin sulfonate for the model MN-1 that skill Co., Ltd sells, potassium peroxide and 3-indolyl acetic acid are that analysis is pure, and sodium base is swollen
The sodium bentonite that profit soil is P001 selected from the article No. that Lingshou County Jing Peng mineral products processing factory sells.
Preparation example 4:(1) 2kg Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and 1kg potassium peroxide are ground into 3 microns of fine powder；(2) by 3kg3- indoles second
Acid, 1kg rice vinegar and 5kg sodium lignin sulfonate are added in 50kg pure water, are stirred 10min；(3) it will be crushed in step (1)
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis fine powder and potassium peroxide fine powder and step (2) gained mixture afterwards is mixed, and stirs 20min, 10kg is added
Sodium bentonite is mixed evenly.
Preparation example 5:(1) 3kg Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and 2kg potassium peroxide are ground into 4 microns of fine powder；(2) by 4kg3- indoles second
Acid, 2kg rice vinegar and 8kg sodium lignin sulfonate are added in 55kg pure water, are stirred 15min；(3) it will be crushed in step (1)
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis fine powder and potassium peroxide fine powder and step (2) gained mixture afterwards is mixed, and stirs 25min, 13kg is added
Sodium bentonite is mixed evenly.
Preparation example 6:(1) 3kg Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and 3kg potassium peroxide are ground into 5 microns of fine powder；(2) by 5kg3- indoles second
Acid, 3kg rice vinegar and 10kg sodium lignin sulfonate are added in 60kg pure water, are stirred 20min；(3) it will be crushed in step (1)
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis fine powder and potassium peroxide fine powder and step (2) gained mixture afterwards is mixed, and stirs 30min, 15kg is added
Sodium bentonite is mixed evenly.
Embodiment
Iris material is selected from Zhengzhou City Henan Province agricultural and forest science and studies provided big capsicum variety in following embodiment
Iris, big capsicum, scientific name P.Big.Chili, appearance pattern is bright red, Hua Jingda 10.5cm, obstruct high 60cm, inflorescence compared with
Good, carbendazim is selected from the carbendazim that the article No. that boat material used for agriculture Co., Ltd, Xinyi City one sells is 03, and corncob is selected from Chifeng
The corncob for the model BY-YMX that green source activity charcoal factory, city sells, cotton seed hull limited public affairs of Shi Hengda mineral products in Shijiazhuang
The article No. that department sells is the cotton seed hull of hd001, and potassium nitrate is selected from the goods that (Henan) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhong Cheng League of Nations sells
Number be 044 potassium nitrate, calcium sulfate be selected from mineral products processing factory, Lingshou County state of Yan sell article No. be SG120 calcium sulfate, chlorine
Change ammonium and be selected from the article No. that Shandong new forces ecological agriculture Science and Technology Ltd. sells as 01 ammonium chloride, ferrous sulfate is selected from Gongyi
The article No. that Zhong Tian scavenging material Co., Ltd, city sells is the ferrous sulfate of ZTFL201.
A kind of embodiment 1: cultural method of iris, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the preparation of matrix: taking out after sphagna and oyster mushroom slag are impregnated 3h in bactericidal liquid, then in steam pond at a temperature of 90 °C
Middle sterilization 20min obtains being uniformly mixed according to mass ratio for 6:4, obtains iris nutrient matrix；Wherein bactericidal liquid is by making
Standby example 1 is prepared, and the length of sphagna is 3cm, and width 1cm, the average grain diameter of oyster mushroom solid impurity particle is 0.5cm；
After oyster mushroom slag is by the cotton seed hull that quality is 1:1 and corncob mixing, after 300 times of carbendazim solutions carry out disinfection sterilization
It is exposed to the sun obtained, wherein the bulk density of cotton seed hull is 0.15g/cm3, pH 6.5, EC value is 2.6mS/cm, and the bulk density of corncob is
0.2g/cm3, pH 6.2, EC value is 1.7mS/cm；
2, iris seedling replanting:
2.1, seedling adapts to room temperature: 1.3 cun of iris seedling is placed in tissue culture bottle, bottleneck is sealed, is placed in 6 days at room temperature,
Room temperature environment is 26 DEG C of day temperature, and 23 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, the humidity at the night on daytime is 60%RH；
2.2, seedling removes: iris seedling being removed from tissue culture bottle, and is immersed in the carbendazim for being 1:1000 by mass ratio
In the carbendazim solution of water composition, 2min is impregnated, pulls out, is rinsed well with clear water, and dipped with undercoat pen and be by mass ratio
The taking root liquid of root-growing agent and the water composition of 1:50, is evenly coated in the foundation of seedling, wherein root-growing agent prepared by preparation example 4 and
At；
2.3, seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups and is cultivated, temperature be 26 DEG C,
It is cultivated 4 months under conditions of intensity of illumination is 6000Lux, humidity is 55%RH；Wherein seedling is after being fitted into 1.5 cun of cups, and 2 days
Interior not have to watering, night cultivation temperature is 23 DEG C；
2.4, middle seedling culture: when the middle seedling of iris growth of seedling to 2.3 cun, being transferred in 2.5 cun of cups, temperature be 26 DEG C,
It is cultivated under conditions of intensity of illumination is 10000Lux, humidity is 55%RH 4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature is 23 DEG C；
2.5, stock breeding: when iris seedlings grow to 3.3 cun of seedlings, iris is wrapped up with the peat of fine a length of 20mm
Root system, be fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, cultivated under conditions of temperature is 26 DEG C, intensity of illumination 20000Lux, humidity are 55%RH
4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature was 20 DEG C, was listed after carrying out flower forcing, maintenance later；
Wherein seedling, middle seedling and the every 1 day microspray irrigation of seedlings are primary, and when microspray irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water consumption consumed per minute is 2.2 public
Jin, the temperature of microspray irrigation water are 20 DEG C, and hardness is lower than 50mg/L, and iron content is lower than 0.1mg/L, and seedling, middle seedling and seedlings are spraying
It is carried out after filling with fertilizer, the usage amount of waste material is 0.6 kilogram/m2, waste material include 10kg potassium nitrate, 5kg calcium sulfate, 5kg ammonium chloride,
5kg ferrous sulfate and 400kg water.
A kind of embodiment 2: cultural method of iris, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the preparation of matrix: taking out after sphagna and oyster mushroom slag are impregnated 3.5h in bactericidal liquid, then the steam for being 93 DEG C in temperature
Sterilization 25min in pond obtains being uniformly mixed according to mass ratio for 7:3, obtains iris nutrient matrix；Wherein bactericidal liquid by
Preparation example 2 is prepared, and the length of sphagna is 4cm, and width 1.3cm, the average grain diameter of oyster mushroom solid impurity particle is 0.6cm；
After oyster mushroom slag is by the cotton seed hull that quality is 1:1.2 and corncob mixing, carry out disinfection sterilization by 300 times of carbendazim solutions
After be exposed to the sun it is obtained, wherein the bulk density of cotton seed hull be 0.18g/cm3, pH 6.7, EC value is 2.7mS/cm, and the bulk density of corncob is
0.23g/cm3, pH 6.3, EC value is 1.8mS/cm；
2, iris seedling replanting:
2.1, seedling adapts to room temperature: 1.4 cun of iris seedling is placed in tissue culture bottle, bottleneck is sealed, is placed in 7 days at room temperature,
Room temperature environment is 28 DEG C of day temperature, and 24 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, the humidity at the night on daytime is 70%RH；
2.2, seedling removes: iris seedling being removed from tissue culture bottle, and is immersed in the carbendazim for being 1:1000 by mass ratio
In the carbendazim solution of water composition, 2.5min is impregnated, pulls out, is rinsed well with clear water, and dipped with undercoat pen by mass ratio
For the taking root liquid that the root-growing agent and water of 1:65 form, be evenly coated in the foundation of seedling, wherein root-growing agent prepared by preparation example 5 and
At；
2.3, seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups and is cultivated, temperature be 28 DEG C,
It is cultivated 4 months under conditions of intensity of illumination is 7000Lux, humidity is 65%RH；Wherein seedling is after being fitted into 1.5 cun of cups, and 2 days
Interior not have to watering, night cultivation temperature is 24 DEG C；
2.4, middle seedling culture: when the middle seedling of iris growth of seedling to 2.4 cun, be transferred in 2.5 cun of cups, temperature be 28 DEG C,
It is cultivated under conditions of intensity of illumination is 11000Lux, humidity is 65%RH 4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature is 24 DEG C；
2.5, stock breeding: when iris seedlings grow to 3.4 cun of seedlings, iris is wrapped up with the peat of fine a length of 30mm
Root system, be fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, cultivated under conditions of temperature is 28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 23000Lux, humidity are 65%RH
4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature was 22 DEG C, was listed after carrying out flower forcing, maintenance later；
Wherein seedling, middle seedling and the every 2 days microspray irrigations of seedlings are primary, and when microspray irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water consumption consumed per minute is 2.3 public
Jin, the temperature of microspray irrigation water are 23 DEG C, and hardness is lower than 50mg/L, and iron content is lower than 0.1mg/L, and seedling, middle seedling and seedlings are spraying
It is carried out after filling with fertilizer, the usage amount of waste material is 0.7 kilogram/m2, waste material include 15kg potassium nitrate, 8kg calcium sulfate, 8kg ammonium chloride,
8kg ferrous sulfate and 600kg water.
A kind of embodiment 3: cultural method of iris, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the preparation of matrix: taking out after sphagna and oyster mushroom slag are impregnated 4h in bactericidal liquid, then in the steam pond that temperature is 95 DEG C
Middle sterilization 30min obtains being uniformly mixed according to mass ratio for 7:4, obtains iris nutrient matrix；Wherein bactericidal liquid is by making
Standby example 3 is prepared, and the length of sphagna is 5cm, and width 1.5cm, the average grain diameter of oyster mushroom solid impurity particle is 0.7cm；
After oyster mushroom slag is by the cotton seed hull that quality is 1:1.4 and corncob mixing, carry out disinfection sterilization by 300 times of carbendazim solutions
After be exposed to the sun it is obtained, wherein the bulk density of cotton seed hull be 0.19g/cm3, pH 6.8, EC value is 2.8mS/cm, and the bulk density of corncob is
0.25g/cm3, pH 6.4, EC value is 1.9mS/cm；
2, iris seedling replanting:
2.1, seedling adapts to room temperature: 1.5 cun of iris seedling is placed in tissue culture bottle, bottleneck is sealed, is placed in 7 days at room temperature,
Room temperature environment is 30 DEG C of day temperature, and 25 DEG C of nocturnal temperature, the humidity at the night on daytime is 80%RH；
2.2, seedling removes: iris seedling being removed from tissue culture bottle, and is immersed in the carbendazim for being 1:1000 by mass ratio
In the carbendazim solution of water composition, 2.5min is impregnated, pulls out, is rinsed well with clear water, and dipped with undercoat pen by mass ratio
For the taking root liquid that the root-growing agent and water of 1:80 form, be evenly coated in the foundation of seedling, wherein root-growing agent prepared by preparation example 6 and
At；
2.3, seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups and is cultivated, temperature be 30 DEG C,
It is cultivated 4 months under conditions of intensity of illumination is 8000Lux, humidity is 75%RH；Wherein seedling is after being fitted into 1.5 cun of cups, and 3 days
Interior not have to watering, night cultivation temperature is 26 DEG C；
2.4, middle seedling culture: when the middle seedling of iris growth of seedling to 2.5 cun, being transferred in 2.5 cun of cups, temperature be 30 DEG C,
It is cultivated under conditions of intensity of illumination is 12000Lux, humidity is 75%RH 4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature is 26 DEG C；
2.5, stock breeding: when iris seedlings grow to 3.5 cun of seedlings, iris is wrapped up with the peat of fine a length of 40mm
Root system, be fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, cultivated under conditions of temperature is 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 25000Lux, humidity are 75%RH
4 months, wherein night cultivation temperature was 23 DEG C, was listed after carrying out flower forcing, maintenance later；
Wherein seedling, middle seedling and the every 3 days microspray irrigations of seedlings are primary, and when microspray irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water consumption consumed per minute is 2.5 public
Jin, the temperature of microspray irrigation water are 26 DEG C, and hardness is lower than 50mg/L, and iron content is lower than 0.1mg/L, and seedling, middle seedling and seedlings are spraying
It is carried out after filling with fertilizer, the usage amount of waste material is 0.8 kilogram/m2, waste material includes 20kg potassium nitrate, 10kg calcium sulfate, 10kg chlorination
Ammonium, 10kg ferrous sulfate and 800kg water.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, all sphagnas of matrix.
Comparative example 2: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, all oyster mushroom slags of matrix.
Comparative example 3: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, oyster mushroom slag uses mushroom residue generation
It replaces, mushroom residue is exposed to the sun after 3000 times of carbendazim solution disinfection and sterilizations after being mixed by the sawdust that mass ratio is 1:1 and wheat bran to be made,
The bulk density of mushroom residue is 0.16g/cm3, pH value 6.4.
Comparative example 4: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, polyacrylamide is free of in bactericidal liquid
Amine and sodium salicylate.
Comparative example 5: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, radix scutellariae and company are free of in bactericidal liquid
It sticks up.
Comparative example 6: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, Na-bentonite is free of in root-growing agent
Soil and 3-indolyl acetic acid.
Comparative example 7: a kind of cultural method of iris, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, rice vinegar and thickness are free of in root-growing agent
Piao.
Performance detection test
Iris is cultivated according to the method in embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-7, each embodiment and comparative example plants 100 plants
Iris records survival rate, root growth situation, root growth situation and the leaf growth feelings of 1.5 cun and 2.5 cun irises
The measurement result of the growing state of 1.5 cun of iris seedling is recorded in table 1 by condition, by the growing state of seedling in 2.5 cun of irises
Measurement result be recorded in table 2, wherein the measuring method of root system, rhizome and blade is as follows:
1, root growth situation:
1.1, the measurement of root long: due to iris well developed root system, space is limited in seedling cup, so can disk in Root-development
Knot is not straight, and in measurement, a root system is the length that numerical value is added after segmentation measures, unit cm；
1.2, the measurement of root thickness: mainly part thicker in one root system of measurement, unit cm；
1.3, the measurement of root amount: range estimation, unit is root；
2, root growth situation: since iris stem is long and flat, so in the measurements mainly with the longer side of iris stem
Based on data, unit mm；
The growing state of 3 blades:
3.1, the measurement of the number of blade: range estimation, unit is piece；
3.2, the long measurement of leaf: mainly based on the pairs of new blade of iris, have on one side it is a piece of it is too small if then with another
The corresponding relatively large leaf of blade is measurement object, unit cm；
3.3, the measurement of leaf width: mainly based on the pairs of new blade of iris, have one side blade it is too small if then with another
The corresponding relatively large leaf of blade is measurement object, unit cm.
1.5 cun of iris growth of seedling situation measurement results of each embodiment of table 1 and the cultivation of each comparative example
It can be seen from data in table 1 according in embodiment 1-3 method cultivate iris seedling percent reach 98.5% with
On, blade is long, and rhizome is thick, and root quantity is more, and root system is longer relatively thick, illustrates according to method is planted in embodiment 1-3 in the present invention
Iris seedling is trained, the survival rate of iris can be improved, and the iris rhizome cultivated is healthy and strong.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 because being free of oyster mushroom slag and sphagna, compared with Example 1, comparative example respectively in nutrient matrix
1 and the survival rate of iris seedling cultivated of comparative example 2 it is not high, and blade quantity and root quantity are less, and leaf is long and leaf width is equal
Smaller, root system is relatively thin shorter, unhealthy and strong, illustrates the survival rate that can be improved iris using sphagna and oyster mushroom slag, makes butterfly
Orchid growth is very fast and rhizome is more healthy and strong.
In comparative example 3 using mushroom residue replace oyster mushroom slag, the survival rate of iris seedling compared with Example 1 under
Drop, and leaf growth situation, root growth situation and root growth situation are declined compared with Example 1, illustrate mushroom
Slag and sphagna are mutually mixed the growth that manufactured nutrient matrix is not appropriate for iris seedling, and oyster mushroom slag and sphagna are mutually mixed system
At matrix be more suitable for the growth of iris seedling, the survival rate of iris seedling can not only be improved, can more make iris young
Rapidly, rhizome is healthy and strong for seedling growth.
Comparative example 4 is because being not added with polyacrylamide and sodium salicylate in bactericidal liquid, the iris seedling cultivated by comparative example 4
Survival rate be only 88.4%, and blade is smaller, and rhizome is thinner, and root growth is undeveloped, and iris growing state is not as good as implementing
The seedling that example 1 is cultivated, illustrates that polyacrylamide and sodium salicylate can promote root growth, and improve survival rate.
For comparative example 5 because being not added with radix scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae in bactericidal liquid, the survival rate of iris seedling is low, and root growth compared with
Slowly, blade is smaller, illustrates that radix scutellariae and Fructus Forsythiae can carry out sterilizing to nutrient matrix, prevents iris seedling from occurring rotten
Deng the survival rate of raising iris seedling.
Comparative example 6 because being not added with sodium bentonite and 3-indolyl acetic acid in root-growing agent, the root growth of iris seedling compared with
Slowly, root system is shorter and relatively thin, and leaf is long and leaf width is smaller, illustrates that sodium bentonite and 3-indolyl acetic acid can be improved the growth of root system
Speed promotes the growth of root system.
Comparative example 7 is because being not added with rice vinegar magnolia obovata in root-growing agent, the root long of iris seedling, with thick, root amount and embodiment 1
Compared to poor, and stem thickness is thinner, and leaf is long and leaf width is also smaller, illustrates that rice vinegar magnolia obovata can promote the growth of iris root system,
Make iris robust growth.
The growing state measurement result of seedling in each embodiment of table 2 and 2.5 cun of irises of each comparative example cultivation
It can be seen from data in table 2 compared with seedling in the iris of each comparative example cultivation, planted according to method in embodiment 1-3
The survival rate of seedling is 100% in the iris of training, because growing gradually stable, the number of blade at long to 2.5 cun of iris
It grows to 4, and length of blade and width, root quantity, length and compared with 1.5 cun of seedling in table 1, increases with slightly obvious.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
Member can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment after reading this specification, but as long as at this
All by the protection of Patent Law in the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of iris, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
1), the preparation of matrix: taking out after sphagna and oyster mushroom slag are impregnated 3-4h in bactericidal liquid, then in temperature is 90-95 DEG C
Sterilization 20-30min in steam pond obtains being uniformly mixed according to mass ratio for 6-7:3-4, obtains iris nutrient matrix；
2), iris seedling replanting:
2.1), seedling adapts to room temperature: 1.3-1.5 cuns of iris seedling being placed in tissue culture bottle, bottleneck is sealed, is placed at room temperature
6-7 days；
2.2), seedling removes: iris seedling being removed from tissue culture bottle, and is immersed in the carbendazim for being 1:1000 by mass ratio
In the carbendazim solution of water composition, 2-3min is impregnated, pulls out, is rinsed well with clear water, and dipped with undercoat pen by mass ratio
For the taking root liquid that the root-growing agent and water of 1:50-80 form, it is evenly coated in the foundation of seedling；
2.3), seedling replanting and culture: the root system of seedling is wrapped up with matrix, is fitted into 1.5 cun of cups and is cultivated, and is 26- in temperature
30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 6000-8000Lux, humidity cultivates 4 months under conditions of being 55-75%RH；
2.4) it, middle seedling culture: when the middle seedling of iris growth of seedling to 2.3-2.5 cuns, is transferred in 2.5 cun of cups, is in temperature
26-30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 10000-12000Lux, humidity cultivates 4 months under conditions of being 55-75%RH；
2.5), stock breeding: when iris seedlings grow to 3.3-3.5 cuns of seedlings, with the peat packet of fine a length of 20-40mm
The root system for wrapping up in iris is fitted into 3.5 cun of cups, temperature is 26-30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 20000-25000Lux, humidity are
It cultivates 4 months under conditions of 55-75%RH, is listed after carrying out flower forcing, maintenance.
2. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that bactericidal liquid is by following in the step 1
Method is prepared: by 5-10 parts of polyacrylamides, 2-6 parts of sodium salicylates, 5-8 parts of potassium permanganate, 1-5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 1-3 parts
Radix scutellariae, 1-3 part Fructus Forsythiae, 300-400 parts of distilled water and 30-40 parts of dehydrated alcohols are mixed, by mixture at 80-100 DEG C
Filtrate is collected in infusion 1-2h, filtering, filtrate is diluted with water 40-50 times, bactericidal liquid is made.
3. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2.2 root-growing agent by with
Lower section method is made:
(1) 2-4 parts of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and 1-3 parts of potassium peroxides are ground into 3-5 microns of fine powder；(2) by 3-5 parts of 3-indolyl acetic acids, 1-3
Part rice vinegar and 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonates are added in 50-60 parts of pure water, are stirred 10-20min；It (3) will be in step (1)
Mixture obtained by smashed Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis fine powder and potassium peroxide fine powder and step (2) is mixed, and is stirred 20-30min, is added
Enter 10-15 parts of sodium bentonites, is mixed evenly.
4. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seedling in the step 2, middle seedling and big
The every 1-2 days microspray irrigations of seedling are primary, and when microspray irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water consumption consumed per minute is 2.2-2.5 kilograms.
5. the cultural method of iris according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the temperature of the sprinkling irrigation water is 20-26
DEG C, and the hardness for water of spraying is lower than 50mg/L, iron content is lower than 0.1mg/L.
6. the cultural method of iris according to claim 4, which is characterized in that seedling in the step 2, middle seedling and big
It is carried out after seedling microspray irrigation with fertilizer, Fertilizer application amount is 0.6-0.8 kilograms/m2, fertilizer contains the following parts by weight: 10-20
Part potassium nitrate, 5-10 parts of calcium sulfate, 5-10 parts of ammonium chlorides, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 400-800 parts of water.
7. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature on daytime in the step 2.1
It is 26-30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 23-25 DEG C, and the humidity at daytime and night is 60-80%RH.
8. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seedling is packed into 1.5 in the step 2.3
It does not water in 2-3 days in very little cup.
9. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sphagna length is 3- in the step 1
5cm, width 1-1.5cm.
10. the cultural method of iris according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seedling and middle seedling in the step 2
Night cultivation temperature is 23-26 DEG C, and seedlings night cultivation temperature is 20-23 DEG C.
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| CN113519338A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-22 | 榆林学院 | Sandy mulberry-corn interplanting method |
| CN113598006A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-05 | 厦门品诚源花卉科技有限公司 | Water-cooling flower forcing method for phalaenopsis |
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