CN101627729A - High-quality corm of colorful calla and method for cultivating same - Google Patents
High-quality corm of colorful calla and method for cultivating same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality corm of colorful calla, which has preservation number of CGMCC No.2457. Compared with the corm prepared by the prior art, the corm of colorful calla has far longer storage time; and the corms prepared by the prior art which are planted after being stored for six months do not blossom at the same time, which directly affects the commodity value of pot flowers and cut flowers. The storage time of the high-quality corm of colorful calla of the invention reaches over 10 months, and makes the supply of the corms for producing pot flowers and cut flowers possible all the year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of common calla bulb and breeding method thereof, specifically a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla and breeding method thereof.
Background technology
Common calla Zantedeschia aethiopica (Calla lily), Araeceae, water chestnut Nelumbo perennial herb.Common calla not of the same race can be classified as two groups: (1) plant cauline leaf is at the original producton location don, the stamen of degenerating is dispersed in the female flower of spadix bottom, berry becomes orange and ripe soft toughness when ripe, with the Z.aethiopica kind is representative, Z.aethiopica has microscler, paniculate subterranean stem, open and spend in vain, be loosely referred to as and spend common calla in vain; (2) the plant cauline leaf does not have the stamen of degenerating and is dispersed in the female flower of spadiceous bottom at original producton location fallen leaves in winter, the ripe hard green of berry, and subterranean stem is compact dish type (Earl, 1957), has colored petal, is referred to as calla lily.
Common calla (Zantedeschia) blade and flower, graceful generous, can be used as potted flower, cut-flower, also can be bundled into bouquet, the gaily decorated basket and wreath etc.Its blade shape is various, and the peculiar spot that distributes above also has very high ornamental value.
Generally adopt the tissue culture technology batch production to produce the calla lily seedling abroad, its advantage is that the plant growing way is strong, it is neat to bloom, flower yield is high, the proterties, reproduction speed that can keep former kind soon, be convenient to manage.
Seedling production comprises the steps: that the explant sterilization obtains the aseptic culture material, and inducing clumping bud and subculture expand numerous, the seedling production of taking root, the seedling of taking root domestication.Wherein explant sterilization is unusual the key link.Existing sterilization is sterilizing methods one time, and all be to use mercuric chloride to sterilize, sterilization effect is the highest can only to be reached about 20%, and mercuric chloride is Poisons, use mercuric chloride very dangerous to operating personnel, and long-term use meeting cause great pollution to environment as disinfectant.Miniature kind of ball carries out in the process of tube rapid propagation also that the someone proposed secondary sterilization to common calla in prior art, but it only is to have increased once sterilizing, be to use mercuric chloride to carry out equally, though therefore Disinfection Effect is better than once sterilizing, it still can't solve the problem that mercuric chloride substitutes.
Under field conditions (factors), need 2 years from tissue cultivating seedling to forming split, different cultivars calla lily tissue cultivating seedling can form blossoming bulb more than the diameter 4cm through 2 cultivation cycles.Flowering bulb test tube balling-up technology is that solution tissue cultivating seedling transplanting survival rate is low, reduce the effective way of virus infections, but not all kind all is fit to use this method, and reason is that some kind test tube balling-up output is very low, even very difficult balling-up.
Common calla (Z.aethiopica) is different with spending in vain, and calla lily (Z.hybrids) belongs to the xeromorph flowers, and matrix requires draining good, does not contain pathogene.PH is 6.0～6.5.PH＞7.5, environmental temperature is too high, and factors such as improper ventilation increase the infection probability of bacterial slimy soft rot.Calla lily belongs to needs fertile less flowers.The special requirement water cleaning does not contain fungi.The root of hair stage clocklike waters very important.Growth thermophilic daytime is 18 ℃～25 ℃, and at 13 ℃～16 ℃ of nights, substrate temperature surpasses 25 ℃, and the stage ideal temperature of taking root is 16 ℃.Can lower the temperature hot season by shading, ventilating, and degree of shading is 30%～50%, and when illumination was not enough, some safflower variety flower was painted bad, and marketing quality reduces.The main insect pest of harm common calla is aphid and thrips, and its harm is the energy transmitted virus on the one hand, stays scab on the other hand on spathe, reduces commodity value.
The time of China's introduction and plantation calla lily is not long, its culture technique research is in the starting stage, but has obtained gratifying progress yet.Because calla lily flower type uniqueness, pattern enriches beautiful, is well received by consumers, and has become worldwide emerging and flowering bulb with development potentiality in recent years.
After calla lily kind ball is gathered, could normal growth through the resting stage in 8～12 weeks.Can the processing method of gathering and holding conditions directly influence the rudiment regularity of kind of ball, growth potential and normally blooming.General maximum the storage 6 months of the storage practice of present domestic employing.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the defective of above-mentioned prior art, the inventor finally obtains a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla and breeding method thereof through groping experiment for a long time.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, another object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of above-mentioned high-quality corm.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following concrete technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, its in the date be preserved in the common micro-organisms center C GMCC of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (address: the Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, postcode: 100101, phone: 010-64807355).Preservation day: on April 15th, 2008; Deposit number: CGMCC No.2457; The classification called after silver star common calla (Zantedeschia albomaculata) of suggestion
The breeding method of above-mentioned high-quality corm of colorful calla, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) acquisition (3) calla lily of the selection of explant (2) the sterilizable material bud of growing thickly expands the take root seedling domestication of seedling production (5) calla lily of taking root of numerous subculture (4) calla lily.
Above step is known steps, inventive point wherein of the present invention on the basis of existing technology is the method improvement of the acquisition of step (2) sterilizable material, the present invention adopts the two-stage sterilization method, the concrete sterilizing methods of concrete two-stage sterilization is: earlier stem tuber is scrubbed clean, avoid damaging bud and eye during operation.Scrape off bud epidermis on every side, take 0.5cm
3About sprout tuber wash with running water, with material with 75% alcohol disinfecting 1min, wash with aqua sterilisa, use 5%～10% sodium hypochlorite solution (100ml adds 2 of tweens) sterilization, 5～10min again,, excise 2～3 layers of outer tissues one by one with aqua sterilisa flushing 2 times, use 5%～10% clorox liquid disinfectant 1min once more, with aqua sterilisa flushing 3 times, after draining redundant moisture on the blotting paper, be seeded on the minimal medium.Further select after 2 weeks and the material that does not pollute to change in the inducing culture.Inductivity is 100%.Cultivate and change on the subculture medium after 30 days.
The minimal medium prescription is: MS, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
Inducing culture is: MS, BA1～2mgL
-1+ NAA0.1～1.0mgL
-1Or IAA0.3～2.0mgL
-1, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
Subculture medium is: MS, BA0.1～1mgL
-1+ NAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1Or IAA0.1～2.0mgL
-1, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, also comprise the cultivation of the annual seed ball of step (6) calla lily, the present invention is no native solid mixed-matrix the employing of this step (6) mesostroma, and matrix components: peat and perlite (the above bulky grain of diameter 0.3mm) mix in 2: 1 ratios; Planting bed thickness is 15cm～25cm, and width is 1m～1.2m.No native solid mixed-matrix need be used the compound disinfectant spray solution before plantation; The described composite bactericidal agent solution solution that to be 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim and 40% agricultural streptomycin mix in 1: 1 ratio, every square metre of spray liquid 5～10L.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, wherein the cultivation of the annual seed ball of step (6) calla lily field planting in the plantation process begins fertilising after 3 weeks, and fertilizing management is divided into early stage, mid-term and later stage.
Early stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 gram, potassium nitrate 100～500 grams, ammonium nitrate 200～650 grams, magnesium sulfate 150～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100～300 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
Mid-term fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 gram, potassium nitrate 200～600 grams, ammonium nitrate 150～450 grams, magnesium sulfate 100～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150～450 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
The later stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 grams, potassium nitrate 200～600 grams, ammonium nitrate 100～300 grams, magnesium sulfate 100～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200～600 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
Described fertilising optimum formula is:
Early stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 300 grams, ammonium nitrate 500 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
Mid-term fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 300 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
The later stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 grams, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 200 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, wherein, the annual seed ball that step (6) is cultivated needs to preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition at 5～15 ℃.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, wherein, described perlite is the above bulky grain perlite of diameter 0.3mm, and to adopt the perlitic effect of the above bulky grain of 0.3mm be the drainage of increase cultivation medium and gas permeability and do not contain pathogenic microorganism.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, wherein, also comprise the cultivation of the biennial seed ball of step (7) calla lily, it adopts no native solid mixed-matrix, and peat and perlite (the above bulky grain of diameter 0.3mm) mix in 2: 1 ratios; No native solid mixed-matrix compound disinfectant spray solution before plantation; To be 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim dilution dilute the solution that 1000 times of liquid mix in 1: 1 ratio with 40% agricultural streptomycin to described composite bactericidal agent solution.
The breeding method of above-mentioned a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, wherein, the biennial seed ball of calla lily that described step (7) is cultivated need be put in the storage of shady and cool ventilation place before storage dry, of the present invention in order to impel bulb surface rapid draing, bulb spread out be positioned on layer frame, drying up bulb under 10 ℃～25 ℃ isoperibol conditions with ventilating fan till allow root system come off voluntarily; Preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition at 5～15 ℃ the back.
Method of the present invention is artificial cultural method, every step all has fixing condition and selection standard, those skilled in the art need only the high-quality corm of colorful calla of carrying out all can obtaining effect of the present invention according to the method for the invention, do not have stochastic problems.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
The high-quality corm of colorful calla of the present invention's preparation is compared with the bulb of prior art for preparing, storage time is longer than the storage time of existing bulb far away, prior art is bloomed uneven after the bulb plantation after 6 months in storage, can directly influence the commodity of potted flower and cut-flower.But high-quality corm of colorful calla storage time of the present invention reached more than 10 months, and making provides that bulb is used to produce potted flower, cut-flower becomes possibility the anniversary.
Preparation method of the present invention its significant advantage compared with the prior art specifically adopts environment is not had to pollute and to the safer disinfectant of operating personnel, and the distinctive two-stage sterilization method of the present invention, obviously improved the effect of sterilization, the two-stage sterilization method of the low toxicity disinfectant that the present invention uses improves nearly 10% than existing sterilizing methods sterilization effect, reach 33.6%, and avoiding long-term sterilization to use mercuric chloride as disinfectant, this method is to operator safety and do not cause pollution to environment.Cultivate the balling ratio height of generation bulbec by the calla lily seedling of taking root; Cultivate the bulb of blooming owing to adopted no native solid mixed-matrix and corresponding sterilization method by bulbec, effectively prevented the generation of rot; The needs of rational kind of ball growth different times can be provided by rational application of fertilizers, and the accumulation of salinity in the cultivation medium can be effectively prevented nutrient; Adopt the rational collecting method and the means of hoard, the bulb rudiment of different size and the high conformity of growth, bulb regularity height, because the nothing that the present invention adopts soil solid mixed-matrix quality is light and loose, laborsaving when gathering, bulb epidermis is difficult for impaired, therefore the bulb epidermis that contains native planting type growth is bright and clean, is particularly conducive to the needs of the long term storage of bulb.
Embodiment
Implement ground: Beijing Vegetable Research centre base implementation date: year November in March, 2005 to 2007 material and source thereof:
Aqua sterilisa: deionized water is through 121 ℃～126 ℃, the pressure 0.11MPa 20～30min that sterilizes
Aphox: plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale
Decis: plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale
Active carbon: reagent shop, BeiJing ZhongGuanCun is on sale
Bactericide soup: the solution that (composition) 70% carbendazol wettable powder (plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale) dilution is 1000 times
Fenaminosulf: plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale
Tuzet: plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale
One, the breeding of calla lily tissue cultivating seedling
1, the selection of explant
Choose outward appearance health, full, no pathology, do not have go mouldy, the suction bud on the bulb of diameter 〉=4cm is explant.The kind that this embodiment is selected is a silver-colored star common calla (Z.albomaculata), and other kinds also can.(general calla lily explant those skilled in the art can obtain by buying, and all there is sale in market) key of the present invention is breeding method, as long as the selection of explant meets above-mentioned standard.
2, the acquisition of sterilizable material
Because of inoculation material is a bulb, sterilization is difficulty comparatively.This method adopts the two-stage sterilization method to obtain having higher success rate of aseptic explant.
The concrete sterilizing methods of two-stage sterilization is: earlier the explant in the step 1 is scrubbed clean, avoid damaging bud and eye during operation.Scrape off bud epidermis on every side, take 0.5cm
3About sprout tuber wash with running water, with material with 75% alcohol disinfecting 1min, (deionized water is through 121 ℃～126 ℃ with aqua sterilisa, pressure 0.11MPa sterilization 20～30min) flushings, use 5%～10% sodium hypochlorite solution (100ml adds 2 of tweens) sterilization, 5～10min again, with aqua sterilisa flushing 2 times, excise 23 layers of outer tissues one by one, use 5%～10% clorox liquid disinfectant, 1～5min once more, with aqua sterilisa flushing 3 times, after draining redundant moisture on the blotting paper, be seeded on the minimal medium.The material that does not pollute to change in the inducing culture after 2 weeks.Inductivity is 100%.Cultivate and change on the subculture medium after 30 days.
Minimal medium is: MS, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
Inducing culture is: MS, BA1～2mgL
-1+ NAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1Or IAA0.3～1.0mgL
-1, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
3, the calla lily bud of growing thickly expands numerous subculture
Per 25～30 days subcultures once.
Subculture medium is: MS, BA0.1～1mgL
-1+ NAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1Or IAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1, 3% sucrose, pH5.8.
Condition of culture is 22～25 ℃ of constant temperature, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.The explant material that more renews behind the subculture 20 times.
4, the calla lily seedling production of taking root
Step 3 successive transfer culture bud changed over to up to the healthy and strong plant to 2cm carry out culture of rootage in the root media.Rooting rate is 100%.Take root about 1cm about 15 days.
Root media is: 1/2MS, NAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1+ IAA0.1～0.5mgL
-1Or IBA0.1～0.5mgL
-1, 3% sucrose, 0.1%～0.5% active carbon, pH5.8.Condition of culture is 23～25 ℃, illumination 12h, 2500～3500LX.
5, take root seedling domestication of calla lily
The matrix that adopts will guarantee not contain cause of disease through sterilization.Requirement matrix is loosened, is breathed freely and has certain water retention property.Matrix is: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite is 2: 1 a blending constituent, and other adds the moisture capacity that 10% (v/v) left and right sides vermiculite can increase matrix, inserts the seedbed after mixing or seedling-cultivating tray is standby.
The medium that the shoot root portion of taking root about 1cm of taking root that step 4 is cultivated adheres to thoroughly cleans up, and avoids damaging root system during operation as far as possible.The seedling of taking root that cleans up soaked 15～20 minutes with bactericide soup (composition: 70% carbendazol wettable powder Beijing plant protection company is on sale), transplanted after the taking-up.Use the instrument jack when planting, implant after then seedling being unfolded root system, should not be dark excessively, cover the seedling base portion with matrix and be advisable, plant the back and adopt bactericide to carry out disinfection in conjunction with the pouring of normal root water.Planting density is: every square metre 600～800 young plant or use 72 caves or cave, 128 cave dish is planted.
Carry out in illumination, temperature, the regulatable greenhouse of humidity.Relative moisture is 60%～90%, light application time 12～16h, and light intensity is 3000～10000LX.Preferred ambient temperature is 18～25 ℃.Carry out adjustment by ventilation.Domestication increases light application time and light intensity after three weeks gradually.
Field planting in earlier stage should often spray, keep medium moistening but should not be wet excessively with the envionmental humidity that keeps 80%～90%.After 4 weeks of field planting, when treating that root regeneration begins to grow, carry out conventional water management.
When the new root in 3～4 week of domestication back began to grow, need carry out foliage fertilization, N: P: the K ratio was 2: 1: 1, and concentration is 0.3%～0.5%, adopted the high principle in low earlier back.Avoid using the ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizer of high concentration.Fertilising in 7～10 days once.
Germ harm will be to put prevention first.Make environmental condition reach above requirement.Per 2～3 a weeks pouring bactericide (dilute solutions that agricultural streptomycin is 2000 times).
Height of seedling reaches more than the height of seedling 5cm after general 4～6 weeks, and the number of blade is more than 3, and new root is more than 2.
The breeding method of calla lily bulb
6, the breeding method of annual seed ball
1. the preparation of facility
Can adopt plastic tunnel or greenhouse by solar heat to cultivate, guarantee the requirement in vegetative period of various places plantation calla lily bulb; Need to install that fly net is convenient to ventilate and the entering of insect; Be convenient to the summer that the management of moisture, particularly rainy season are concentrated, most important to the generation of prevention rot under the condition of protection ground cultivation.
2. the preparation of matrix
Matrix should be loosened, and gas permeability, draining are good.This method adopts no native solid mixed-matrix, and peat and perlite (the above bulky grain of diameter 0.3mm) mix in 2: 1 ratio.Require the soil subacidity, between the pH value 5.0～6.5.The matrix for preparing is inserted ready-made in advance wide 1.0～1.2m, in the furrow of dark 15～20cm.
New matrix does not generally need to carry out disinfection, and could use after must carrying out disinfection to reusable matrix.
Concrete operation method is:
At first, make matrix moistening, the matrix bed surface is covered with mulch film with the clean water sprinkling, plastic tunnel or greenhouse by solar heat plastic greenhouse film is airtight, utilize natural lighting to carry out the sterilization of vexed canopy, temperature can reach more than 60 ℃ in the usually fine daytime canopy or in the greenhouse, keeps 10～20 days.This method can be carried out at any time at plastic tunnel and idle time of greenhouse by solar heat.
Remove the mulch film that the furrow face covers before the plantation, with compound disinfectant spray solution matrix.
The composite bactericidal agent solution solution that to be 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim and 40% agricultural streptomycin mix in 1: 1 ratio.
3. plantation
Water management: can plant when environmental temperature is 15～25 ℃.Planting density is every square metre 200～250 seedling.Avoid during lifting and hinder root.Adopt fenaminosulf after field planting: Tuzet=mixing in 6: 4 together pours into by 1000 times of solution-treated or 800 times of liquid normal roots of tmtd water.
Water and should be in the morning 9～10 carry out, it is evenly regular to water, avoid overdrying and wet excessively, high temperature season particularly relative moisture rot easily takes place under greater than 70% environmental condition, note controlling water, take disposable irrigating, allowing stromal surface parch 1～2cm waters and is advisable, simultaneously also can cover the insulation of lowering the temperature of the sawdust of 1～2cm or leaf mould, can relax the variation of temp. and humidity like this, the generation of minimizing disease at soil surface.
Plant after 4 months, according to the weather conditions difference, bulb begins to enter the asynchronism(-nization) of dormancy.Northern area entered after September, and temperature begins to descend, and calla lily begins progressively to enter resting stage, and leaf nutrient is to the accumulation of the transfer of under ground portion, at this moment will reduce the frequency of watering until stopping pouring.
Fertilizing management: the seedling of field planting just can not need apply fertilizer at root regeneration and root of hair budding stage, and field planting begins fertilising after 3 weeks.In earlier stage (3～6 week) N, P, K ratio are 2: 1: 1, avoid using the ammonia attitude fertilizer of high concentration, and per 10 days once, and suitably increase when seedling is healthy and strong mid-term.Mid-term (7～14 week), N, P, K ratio were 1: 1: 1, and later stage (15～20 week) N, P, K ratio is 1: 3: 2, and fertilising should be considered to coordinate mutually with water management; Adopt foliage-spray, the flushing blade face of watering immediately after the fertilising prevents to burn leaf, and bulb is gathered and stopped fertilising in preceding 60 days.Be preferably in vegetative stage, gather the matrix sample and analyze, understand Fertilization Level, in time adjust.Should guarantee the needs of growing to prevent the accumulation of salinity again.Summer high temperature season, suitably reduce fertilizing amount.
Early stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 300 grams, ammonium nitrate 500 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
Mid-term fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 300 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
The later stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 grams, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 200 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
Illumination management: shading of field planting initial stage needs 50%～60%, be convenient to temperature controlling, 3～4 Zhou Houke remove shading screen.
Inventor's prompting: those skilled in the art be it should be noted that disease control: in the calla lily bulb cultivating process, endangering the most serious main disease is bacterial slimy soft rot., be the critical period of control during this period of time mainly in generation in the rainy season of summer high-temperature high humidity and popular.Prevent and treat method: at first before field planting, perform the sterilization of matrix.In production cultivation process, will be to put prevention first, before rainy season and after rainy season, bought the thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin or 70% every 15～20 days, 7～10 days rainy seasons once, pay special attention to must make a call to a pesticide control disease after clearing up and take place long-time raining, simultaneously can with can kill, agricultural streptomycin, sweep and thin etc. use by turns.Diseased plant will in time be removed in discovery.Need to lower the temperature, add the preventive effect that the integrated management of forced ventilation, liquid manure just can be received simultaneously.
Pest control: floor file cloth and before plantation, rotate to handle and effectively to prevent soil insect under the matrix bed with 1～1.5 kilogram/mu Padan or furans pellet.In addition, aphid and the plant hopper viral disease that can spread disease, 2000 times of liquid of available 1000～1200 times Aphox or decis are prevented and treated.
4. gather and preserve
Plant leaf begins to turn to be yellow when withering, and the bulb after the dormancy can be dug out, and is put in shady and cool ventilation place drying.In order to impel the rapid draing of bulb surface, bulb is spread out be positioned on layer frame, under 10 ℃～25 ℃ isoperibol conditions, dry up bulb and come off voluntarily by earth and root system with ventilating fan.Gather and should note not making bulb crust scratch especially in the operation, the bulb of epidermis injury can not long term storage, can cause rotting of bulb when serious.
If season of replacing on the occasion of autumn and winter harvest season, the bulb that digs out in time should be positioned over and indoorly prevent that temperature decrease from causing bulb to be subjected to freeze injury, carries out disinfection before the storage and classification.
At 5～15 ℃, preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition, when placing, bulb avoids crowded, and adopt the tray individual layer to pile up, keep ventilating.
7, the breeding method of biennial seed ball
1. the preparation of facility
Can select adopt plastic tunnel or greenhouse by solar heat cultivate according to different regions, calla lily vegetative period be adopted greenhouse by solar heat to plant can to prolong in the area, temperate zone; Needing to install fly net is convenient to ventilate and prevent entering of insect; The installation sprinkling irrigation system is watered and is applied fertilizer; Is furnished with the sunshade net.
2. the preparation of matrix
Matrix should be loosened, and gas permeability, draining are good.This method adopts peat to mix in 2: 1 ratio with perlite (the above bulky grain of diameter 0.3mm).Require the soil subacidity, between the pH value 5.0～6.5.The matrix for preparing is inserted ready-made in advance wide 1.0～1.2m, in the furrow of dark 15～20cm.
New matrix does not generally need to carry out disinfection, and could use after must carrying out disinfection to reusable matrix.
Concrete operation method is:
At first, make matrix moistening, the matrix bed surface is covered with mulch film with the clean water sprinkling, plastic tunnel or greenhouse by solar heat plastic greenhouse film is airtight, utilize natural lighting to carry out the sterilization of vexed canopy, temperature can reach more than 60 ℃ in the usually fine daytime canopy or in the greenhouse, keeps 10～20 days.This method can be carried out at any time at plastic tunnel and idle time of greenhouse by solar heat.
Remove the mulch film that the furrow face covers before the plantation, with compound disinfectant spray solution matrix.
The composite bactericidal agent solution solution that to be 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim and 40% agricultural streptomycin mix in 1: 1 ratio.
3. plantation
Should select the annual seed ball of healthy nothing, scab to plant.
Water management: can plant when environmental temperature is 15～25 ℃.Planting density is every square metre 150 balls of 2～3 centimetres of seed balls of diameter, every square metre 100 ball of 3～4 centimetres of seed balls of diameter.Planting depth is the thickness of bulb, does not expose with the back bulb that waters and is advisable.Adopt fenaminosulf after field planting: Tuzet=6: 4 mixes by 1000 times of solution-treated or 800 times of liquid of tmtd and normal root water and together pours into.
Initial should keep the matrix top layer moistening in 3～4 weeks, prevented that the tip of a root is withered impaired.Can adopt spray pattern to carry out, on a small quantity repeatedly.
After the beginning rudiment, plant strain growth speeds up, and water requirement increases.Water and should be in the morning 9～10 carry out, it is evenly regular to water, avoid overdrying and wet excessively, high temperature season particularly relative moisture rot easily takes place under greater than 70% environmental condition, note controlling water, take disposable irrigating, allowing stromal surface parch 1～2cm waters and is advisable, simultaneously also can cover the insulation of lowering the temperature of the sawdust of 1～2cm or leaf mould, can relax the variation of temp. and humidity like this, the generation of minimizing disease at soil surface.
Plant after 4 months, the same day, temperature was lower than 15 ℃, and night, temperature was lower than 10 ℃, stopped to water the generation that can both impel the bulb dormancy.When the calla lily bulb entered resting stage, leaf nutrient was to the accumulation of the transfer of under ground portion, and underground bulb expands, and after blade is withered fully, can gather.
Fertilizing management: the seedling of field planting just can not need apply fertilizer at root regeneration and root of hair budding stage, and field planting begins fertilising after 3 weeks.Adopt foliage-spray, per 10 days once.Water immediately after the fertilising and wash the blade face, prevent to burn leaf.In earlier stage (3～6 week) N, P, K ratio are 2: 1: 1, avoid using the ammonia attitude fertilizer of high concentration; Mid-term (7～14 week), N, P, K ratio were 1: 1: 1; Later stage (15～20 week) N, P, K ratio is 1: 3: 2, and fertilising should be considered to coordinate mutually with water management; Bulb is gathered and was stopped fertilising in preceding 60 days.At vegetative stage, gather the matrix sample and analyze, understand Fertilization Level, in time adjust.Should guarantee the needs of growing to prevent the accumulation of salinity again.Summer high temperature season, suitably reduce fertilizing amount.
Illumination management: shading of field planting initial stage needs 50%～60%, be convenient to temperature controlling, can remove shading screen after the back seed ball root of hair rudiments of 3～4 weeks.Northern Hemisphere summer, should adopt index of refraction is 30% shading screen, helps reducing temperature of shed and substrate temperature, satisfies the requirement of bulb growth to illumination simultaneously.After autumn has set in, when daytime temperature is lower than 20 ℃, remove shading screen, help the accumulation of photosynthetic product, promote the growth of underground part bulb.
Disease control: in the calla lily bulb cultivating process, endangering the most serious main disease is bacterial slimy soft rot., be the critical period of control during this period of time mainly in generation in the rainy season of summer high-temperature high humidity and popular.Prevent and treat method: at first before field planting, perform the sterilization of matrix.In production cultivation process, to take the method for control regularly as far as possible, sprayed 1000～2000 times of solution of thiophanate methyl (plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale) of agricultural streptomycin or 70% before rainy season and after rainy season every 15～20 days, 7～10 days rainy seasons once, pay special attention to must spray once above-mentioned pesticide control disease after clearing up and take place long-time raining, simultaneously can with can kill, agricultural streptomycin, sweep and thin etc. use by turns.Careful management, diseased plant will in time be removed in discovery.Need to lower the temperature, add the preventive effect that the integrated management of forced ventilation, liquid manure just can be received simultaneously.
Pest control: floor file cloth and before plantation, rotate to handle and effectively to prevent soil insect under the matrix bed with 1～1.5 kilogram/mu Padan or furans pellet (plant protection company in Beijing's is on sale).In addition, because calla lily has the propagation of the generation of mosaic virus, the Aphox that aphid and plant hopper etc. are available 1000～1200 times etc. is prevented and treated.
4. gather and preserve
Plant leaf begins to turn to be yellow when withering, and the bulb after the dormancy can be dug out, and is put in about 10 ℃～25 ℃ and locates drying.In order to impel the rapid draing of bulb surface, bulb is spread out be positioned on layer frame, under the isoperibol condition, dry up bulb and come off voluntarily by root system with fan (middle strong wind).Gather and should note not making bulb crust scratch especially in the operation, the bulb of epidermis injury can not long term storage, can cause rotting of bulb when serious.
If season of replacing on the occasion of autumn and winter harvest season, the bulb that digs out in time should be positioned over and indoorly prevent that temperature decrease from causing bulb to be subjected to freeze injury, carries out disinfection before the storage and classification.
At 5～15 ℃, preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition, when placing, bulb avoids crowded, and adopt the tray individual layer to pile up, keep ventilating.Diameter can be planted after preserving for 8 weeks greater than the bulb of 4cm.The bulb safe storage phase can reach 10 months.
The present invention prepares high-quality corm of colorful calla biological property and breeding method and prior art effect relatively
One, two-stage sterilization method of the present invention and prior art effect are relatively
1, material
It is explant with the eye of silver-colored star common calla (Zantedeschia albomaculata) bulb that the foregoing description prepares high-quality corm.
2, method
Obtaining of aseptic explant
Because of inoculation material is a stem tuber, sterilization is difficulty comparatively.Contrasted the effect of existing once sterilization and the embodiment of the invention 1 described twice sterilization.
Once Mie Jun method is: scrape off bud epidermis on every side, take 0.5cm
3About sprout tuber put into the washing ichor embathe, wash with running water again, with material with 70% alcohol disinfecting 1 minute, wash with aqua sterilisa, use 5% sodium hypochlorite solution (100ml adds 2 of tweens) sterilization 15min again, with aqua sterilisa flushing 3～5 times, after draining redundant moisture on the blotting paper, be seeded on the inducing culture.
Twice sterilization of the present invention through the concrete sterilizing methods of surface sterilization is: earlier stem tuber is scrubbed clean, avoid damaging bud and eye during operation.Scrape off bud epidermis on every side, take 0.5cm
3About sprout tuber put into the washing ichor embathe, wash with running water again, material with 75% alcohol disinfecting 1min, with the aqua sterilisa flushing, is used 5% sodium hypochlorite solution (100ml adds 2 of tweens) sterilization, 8～10min again, with aqua sterilisa flushing 2 times, excise outer tissue one by one, use 5% clorox liquid disinfectant 1min once more, with aqua sterilisa flushing 3 times, after draining redundant moisture on the blotting paper, be seeded on the inducing culture.
3, result and analysis
The explant sterilization method relatively sees Table 1.
Two kinds of sterilizing methods effects of table 1 relatively
As shown in Table 1, because explant is grown in underground, contaminated degree height, general sterilizing methods is difficult to successfully, it is the insoluble technical problem in this area that pollution is proposed in outer planting always, common mercuric chloride two-stage sterilization pollution rate also only has small size raising, finds to adopt the method for secondary sterilization of the present invention to be significantly increased than a sterilization success rate in this test.And two-stage sterilization method of the present invention has been avoided the previous methods pollution on the environment for adopting conventional mercuric chloride preparation.
Two, the present invention selects not have soil cultivation and the cultivation of part soil that native solid mixed-matrix replaces prior art.Prior art adopts soil to cultivate for the cultivation of calla lily, the cultivation effect is bad, mainly be because calla lily requires very high to the soil clean level, and the soil thorough disinfection is very difficult, often easily introduce pathogen in the soil, cause the calla lily survival rate low, output descends, commodity value reduction etc.Soil is cultivated can cause certain influence to environment, adopt no native solid matrix that calla lily is cultivated as the present invention, matrix components is that peat and perlite (the above bulky grain of diameter 0.3mm) mix in 2: 1 ratios, avoided the influence of prior art, and gas permeability and drainage all can reach the standard of calla lily to environment.Another advantage of no native solid matrix of the present invention is to be beneficial to fertilizing management.Its one-tenth is distinguished one from the other, and can specifically learn fertilizing amount and composition during fertilising, makes fertilising precisely.And the existing soil constituent complexity of using, the bad control of applying fertilizer.The used matrix of the present invention is cultivated with the final culture effect of prior art (soil cultivation) and is relatively seen Table 2:
Table 2
| Matrix | Composition | Influence to ecological environment of soil | Drainage, gas permeability | Rot incidence of disease % | Fertilizer loss |
| The present invention | There is not native solid mixed-matrix | Do not have | Well | ??≤5 | Seldom |
| Prior art | Soil matrix matter is arranged | Have | Relatively poor | ??＞10 | Randomness is strong |
Three, another inventive point of the present invention is fertilizing management, and the muck that the fertilizing management prescription of phase and prior art are used before, during and after the present invention's proposition relatively has good technical effect.What the prior art fertilising was used is muck, and cost is too high, applies inconvenience, and very easy introducing pathogen causes sterilization to lose efficacy situations such as calla lily survival rate reduction.Prescription described in the fertilizing management of the present invention not only prepares easily, and easily satisfies the nutritional need of calla lily.Reduced the cultivation cost, operation is easier simultaneously.The final culture effect that the application of fertilizing management of the present invention and fertilizer formula and prior art are used muck relatively sees Table 3:
Table 3
| Fertilizing management | Base fertilizer | Topdress | Rot incidence of disease % | Fertilizer loss |
| The present invention | Do not use muck | Needs according to different vegetative stages quantitatively apply | ??≤5 | Seldom |
| Prior art | Use muck | Each vegetative stage is used composite fertilizer | ??＞10 | Randomness is strong |
Four, the present invention is used gathers and storage practice is another inventive point of the present invention: need be put in shady and cool ventilation place drying before storage, in order to impel bulb surface rapid draing, bulb spread out be positioned on layer frame, drying up bulb under 10 ℃～25 ℃ isoperibol conditions with ventilating fan till allow root system come off voluntarily; Preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition at 5～15 ℃ the back.And those skilled in the art at present usually are exactly the storage of shady and cool place, not to the restriction and the storage processing in earlier stage of holding conditions.Utilize storage practice of the present invention and the prior art effect of comparing to see Table 4:
Table 4
| Gather, storage practice | Gather | Environmental influence | Bulb is dry to be handled | Rot incidence of disease % | Storage period |
| The present invention | Save time, laborsaving epidermis is intact | It is affected by environment little to gather | Constant temperature, forced ventilation | ??≤5 | More than 10 months |
| Prior art | The epidermis of requiring great effort has breakage more | It is affected by environment big to gather | Natural seasoning | ??＞10 | 6 months |
Five, the comparison of the high-quality corm of colorful calla (CGMCC No.2457) for preparing of the inventive method and the calla lily bulb of prior art for preparing, see Table 5, the high-quality corm of colorful calla of the present invention's preparation biological nature when preserving ten months still remains intact as can be known, and the calla lily bulb that prior art for preparing obtains biological property when being saved to 10 months obviously descends, and commodity descends and can't utilize:
Table 5
| Bulb | Outward appearance | Water content | Preserved 6 months | Preserved 10 months |
| The present invention | Fair and clear, intact | Moderate | Rudiment is normal, and it is neat to bloom | Rudiment is normal, and it is neat to bloom |
| Prior art | Coarse | Higher | Rudiment is normal, and it is more neat to bloom | Rudiment is uneven, and it is uneven to bloom |
Claims (9)
1, a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla is characterized in that, its deposit number is CGMCC No.2457.
2, the breeding method of the described high-quality corm of colorful calla of a kind of claim 1, it may further comprise the steps: the selection of (1) explant; (2) acquisition of sterilizable material; (3) the calla lily bud of growing thickly expands numerous subculture; (4) the calla lily seedling production of taking root; (5) take root seedling domestication of calla lily; It is characterized in that:
The two-stage sterilization method is adopted in the acquisition of described step (2) sterilizable material, and the concrete sterilizing methods of concrete two-stage sterilization is: earlier stem tuber is scrubbed clean, avoid damaging bud and eye during operation.Scrape off bud epidermis on every side, take 0.5cm
3About sprout tuber wash with running water, with material with 70%～75% alcohol disinfecting 1min, wash with aqua sterilisa, use 5%～10% clorox liquid disinfectant, 5～10min again,, excise 2～3 layers of outer tissues one by one with aqua sterilisa flushing 2 times, use 5%～10% clorox liquid disinfectant, 1～5min once more, with aqua sterilisa flushing 3 times, after draining away the water on the blotting paper, be seeded on the minimal medium; After 2 weeks culture materials is changed in the inducing culture; Inductivity is 100%; Cultivate and change on the subculture medium after 30 days;
3, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise the cultivation of the annual seed ball of step (6) calla lily, it adopts no native solid mixed-matrix, this matrix components: peat and perlite mix in 2: 1 ratio; No native solid mixed-matrix compound disinfectant spray solution before plantation; The described composite bactericidal agent solution solution that to be 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim and 40% agricultural streptomycin mix in 1: 1 ratio.
4, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the cultivation of the annual seed ball of described step (6) calla lily, field planting begins fertilising after 3 weeks in the plantation process, and fertilizing management is divided into early stage, mid-term and later stage;
Early stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 gram, potassium nitrate 100～500 grams, ammonium nitrate 200～650 grams, magnesium sulfate 150～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100～300 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water;
Mid-term fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 gram, potassium nitrate 200～600 grams, ammonium nitrate 150～450 grams, magnesium sulfate 100～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150～450 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water;
The later stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 300～700 grams, potassium nitrate 200～600 grams, ammonium nitrate 100～300 grams, magnesium sulfate 100～450 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200～600 grams, little fertile 15～30 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
5, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 4 is characterized in that, and is described
Early stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 300 grams, ammonium nitrate 500 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water;
Mid-term fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 gram, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 300 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water;
The later stage fertilizer application formula: nitrate of lime 600 grams, potassium nitrate 400 grams, ammonium nitrate 200 grams, magnesium sulfate 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 400 grams, little fertile 22 grams are converted 1000 kilograms in water.
According to the breeding method of claim 4 or 5 described a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla, it is characterized in that 6, the annual seed ball that step (6) is cultivated needs to preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition at 5～15 ℃.
7, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described perlite is the above bulky grain perlite of diameter 0.3mm.
8, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise the cultivation of the biennial seed ball of step (7) calla lily, it adopts no native solid mixed-matrix, and peat and perlite mix in 2: 1 ratio; No native solid mixed-matrix compound disinfectant spray solution before plantation; The described composite bactericidal agent solution solution that to be 1000 times of liquid of 500 times of solution of 70% carbendazim and 40% agricultural streptomycin mix in 1: 1 ratio.
9, the breeding method of a kind of high-quality corm of colorful calla according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the biennial seed ball of the calla lily storage practice that described step (7) is cultivated: before storage, need be put in shady and cool ventilation place drying, in order to impel bulb surface rapid draing, bulb spread out be positioned on layer frame, drying up bulb under 10 ℃～25 ℃ isoperibol conditions with ventilating fan till allow root system come off voluntarily; Preserve under relative moisture 70%～80% condition at 5～15 ℃ the back.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102379239A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-03-21 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method of breeding novel cultivar of zantedeschia hybrida by artificial supplementary pollination |
| CN103109654A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-05-22 | 苏州科缔康农业生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of cut flower |
| CN104054562A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-09-24 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | Colored calla lily culture substrate |
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| CN103109654A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-05-22 | 苏州科缔康农业生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of cut flower |
| CN104054562A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-09-24 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | Colored calla lily culture substrate |
| CN104054562B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 欧中（福建）植物技术有限公司 | A kind of calla lily cultivation matrix |
| CN109526749A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 贵州大学 | A kind of common calla stem tuber method for tissue culture |
| CN112042532A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Culture medium for inducing calluses to generate and application of culture medium in establishment of calluses regeneration system |
| CN112042532B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Culture medium for inducing calluses to generate and application of culture medium in establishment of calluses regeneration system |
| CN111990416A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-11-27 | 河北农业大学 | Insecticidal substance, insecticide and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111990416B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-07-23 | 河北农业大学 | Insecticidal substance, insecticide and preparation method and application thereof |
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