CN109680509A - 一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革及其制备方法,该硅胶皮革由面层、中间基料层、底层、基布层依次粘合而成,其中面层、中间基料层及底层的基础制备原料为有机硅胶、硬化剂、乙烯基硅油,另外面层中还包含纳米二氧化硅,底层中还包含纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂。本发明选取的制备原料简单易得,制备出的硅胶皮革耐磨性好、耐候性好、粘合效果好、回弹性好、手感柔软饱满,可与真皮相媲美,可广泛应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的生产;同时在制备过程中不使用有毒有害物质,无溶剂添加,安全环保无污染,生产出的硅胶皮革使用时无有毒有害物质挥发,与传统皮革相比更有益于人体健康和环境安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及皮革材料制备领域,具体涉及一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,国内外人造革、合成革的生产工艺主要分为干法聚氨酯制革工艺和湿法聚氨酯制革工艺以及水性聚氨酯工艺。这些方法在生产过程中都要使用溶剂型聚氨酯树脂,由于溶剂型聚氨酯树脂中含有大量的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲苯、丁酮等有毒有害的化学溶剂,通过挥发和残留对环境、人体都会造成巨大的伤害。
交通工具内饰(如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车等的内饰)、座椅(例如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车、电动车、自行车等的座椅或坐垫)的皮革面料由于长期与内、外界接触和摩擦,并处于冷热变换环境中,所以其对耐磨性、粘合性和耐候性要求高,其次对皮革面料的柔软度、舒适度和回弹性能具有较高要求,以满足用户使用的舒适感,最后对环境安全和人体健康具有要求,得到的皮革材料使用时无有毒有害物质挥发和残留,因此,如何生产一种可以满足以上要求以应用于交通工具内饰或座椅面料的皮革成了本方案的立意所在。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种环保、粘合效果好、耐候性好、耐磨性好的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革及其制备方法。
因此,本发明的目的之一是提供一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其由面层、中间基料层、底层、基布层依次粘合而成,所述面层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4080~120份、P4硬化剂10份、乙烯基硅油0~20份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份;所述中间基料层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4180~120份、P4硬化剂10份、乙烯基硅油0~20份、调色剂8~60份;所述底层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4280~120份、P4硬化剂10份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份、硅烷偶联剂2~5份、乙烯基硅油0~20份;所述有机硅胶P40,P41,P42均为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:aSiO2·nH2O;所述有机硅胶P4硬化剂为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:bSiO2·nH2O;所述乙烯基硅油为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:cSiO2·nH2O;其中,a、b、c为聚合度,均大于2,且a>b>c;n为1~3。所述有机硅胶P40、P41、P42均为厦门鑫创利硅胶有限公司生产的加成型硅胶,所述P4硬化剂为厦门鑫创利硅胶有限公司生产的加成型硅胶硬化剂,所述乙烯基硅油为厦门鑫创利硅胶有限公司生产。
进一步地,所述硅烷偶联剂为三甲氧基硅烷、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
进一步地,所述面层和底层中添加的纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10~30nm。
进一步地,所述中间基料层中的调色剂为无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂,为色粉或色浆。
进一步地,所述基布层的基布为针织布,机织布,超级纤维、仿麂皮或涤纶布。
本发明的另一目的是提供前述的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1、制备面层:将有机硅胶P4080~120份、P4硬化剂10份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份,混合形成有机硅胶P40浆料,用乙烯基硅油0~20份将所述有机硅胶P40浆料黏度调至100000~120000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆在离型纸或离型膜表面,经过梯度干燥硬化形成面层;
S2、制备中间基料层:将有机硅胶P4180~120份与P4硬化剂10份混合成有机硅胶P41浆料后,添加调色剂8~60份,再用乙烯基硅油0~20份将所述有机硅胶P41浆料黏度调至250000~300000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆在所述步骤S1得到的面层表面,经梯度干燥形成中间基料层;
S3、制备底层并与基布层贴合:将有机硅胶P4280~120份与P4硬化剂10份混合成有机硅胶P42浆料后,添加纳米二氧化硅2~5份、硅烷偶联剂2~5份混合均匀,再用乙烯基硅油0~20份将浆料黏度调至15000~25000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆所述步骤S2得到的中间基料层上,再与基布层贴合,经干燥形成应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革。
进一步地,步骤S1中涂覆在离型纸或离型膜表面的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.05mm。
进一步地,步骤S2中涂覆在面层表面的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.15mm。
进一步地,步骤S3中涂覆在中间基料层上的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.15mm。
本发明中,通过在面层增加纳米二氧化硅提高耐磨性和耐候性,在底层(主要作用包括粘结基布与面层和中间基料层)制备原料中添加纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂,硅烷偶联剂优选三甲氧基硅烷、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷,依靠分子的扩散作用和偶联作用,偶联剂迁移到纳米二氧化硅中和有机硅胶中,增加提高粘合效果,进一步协同促进纳米二氧化硅在合成革中提高耐磨性、和耐候性的效果。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明与背景技术相比,具有如下优点:
1、本发明的制备原料简单易得,制备出的硅胶皮革耐磨性好、粘合效果好、耐候性好、回弹性好,手感柔软饱满、接近真皮,可广泛应用于交通工具内饰(如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车等的内饰)或座椅(例如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车、电动车、自行车等的座椅或坐垫)面料的大批量生产。
2、本发明制备过程中不使用有毒有害物质,无溶剂添加,安全环保无污染,生产出的硅胶皮革使用时无有毒有害物质挥发,与传统皮革相比更有益于人体健康和环境安全。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例和对比例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其由面层、中间基料层、底层、基布层依次粘合而成,基布层的基布为针织布,
面层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P40100份、P4硬化剂10份、粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅5份;
中间基料层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P41100份、P4硬化剂10份、无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂8份;
底层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P42100份、P4硬化剂10份、粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅2份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷5份;
有机硅胶P40、P41、P42均为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:aSiO2·nH2O;所述的有机硅胶P4硬化剂为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:bSiO2·nH2O;所述的乙烯基硅油为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:cSiO2·nH2O;其中,a、b、c为聚合度,均大于2,且a>b>c;n为1~3。
上述应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法为:
S1、制备面层:按照配比将有机硅胶P40、P4硬化剂、纳米二氧化硅混合形成有机硅胶P40浆料,用乙烯基硅油将所述有机硅胶P40浆料黏度调至100000mPa·s/25℃,并按照0.05mm的厚度涂覆在190#离型纸表面,然后以10m/min的速度在红外辐射器的照射下通过第一段中波红外烘箱经过梯度干燥硬化形成面层。第一段中波红外烘箱长20m,烘箱内设置110℃、120℃、130℃三个的温度从低到高的温区。三个温区设置长度为110℃温区5m、120℃温区10m、130℃温区5m。在存在温差梯度的环境中干燥硬化,水份能够很缓和的通过涂层中毛细孔向外挥发,避免了水份在高温环境中极速蒸发冲破皮面,造成皮面凹凸不平,遍布破裂的气孔,从而影响皮革的质量。烘干过程产生的水蒸气通过通风系统排出第一段中波红外烘箱外。烘干后的面层通过冷却辊冷却;
S2、制备中间基料层:按照配比将有机硅胶P41与P4硬化剂混合成有机硅胶P41浆料后,添加无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂,再用乙烯基硅油将所述有机硅胶P41浆料黏度调至300000mPa·s/25℃,并按照0.15mm的厚度涂覆在所述步骤S1得到的面层表面,然后以10m/min的速度在红外辐射器的照射下通过第二段中波红外烘箱经梯度干燥形成中间基料层。第二段中波红外烘箱长20m,烘箱内设置100℃、110℃、120℃三个由低到高的温区,三个温区设置长度分别为三个温区设置长度为100℃温区5m、110℃温区5m、120℃温区10m。烘干过程产生的水蒸气通过通风系统排出第二段中波红外烘箱外。
S3、制备底层并与基布层贴合:按照配比将有机硅胶P42、P4硬化剂混合成有机硅胶P42浆料后,加入粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅、乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷,混合均匀,再用乙烯基硅油将有机硅胶P42浆料黏度调至20000mPa·s/25℃,并按0.15mm的厚度涂覆在所述步骤S2得到的中间基料层上,此厚度的控制,可使粘合更为牢固,然后将基布与底层粘合,粘合后以10m/min的速度进入第三段中波红外烘箱烘干。第三段中波红外烘箱长30m,烘干温度为150℃,烘干时间为3min,车速控制为。该烘干过程产生的水蒸气通过通风系统排出第三段中波红外烘箱外,烘干后通过冷却辊冷却至室温后通过收卷器使离型纸与合成革分离,切边收卷即得到应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革。
实施例2
本实施例提供的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革与实施例1的不同之处在于:面层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4080份、P4硬化剂10份、10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅3份;
中间基料层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4180份、P4硬化剂10份、无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂25份;
底层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P42100份、P4硬化剂10份、粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅5份、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷2份。
上述应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法与实施例1的基本一致。
实施例3
本实施例提供的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革与实施例1的不同之处在于:面层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P40120份、P4硬化剂10份、10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅3份;
中间基料层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P41120份、P4硬化剂10份、无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂60份;
底层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P42120份、P4硬化剂10份、粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化硅3份、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷5份。
上述应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法与实施例1的基本一致。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的不同之处在于:底层的制备原料中不包含纳米二氧化硅和乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例2的不同之处在于:底层的制备原料中不包含纳米二氧化硅和γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的不同之处在于:底层的制备原料中不包含乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的不同之处在于:底层的制备原料中不包含纳米二氧化硅。
实验:
对实施例1~3制得的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革和对比例1~4制得的皮革按照本领域常规方法进行测试,其中耐磨性按照QB/T2726-2005方法测试,测试转速1000转,结果评定标准:1级很明显,2级比较明显,3级能分辨出,4级难以分辨出,5级无法分辨出;耐热粘着性按照QB/T1646-2007方法测试,结果判断:5级表面层无变化,4级光泽及表面形状稍有变化,3级光泽及表面形状发生变化,2级表面层出现损失,1级表面层以下出现损失;各项性能测试结果见表1。
表1实施例和对比例所得产品性能测试结果
由表1示出的检测结果可知:实施例1、2、3的耐磨性、耐热粘合性、手感等均满足使用需求,由实施例1和对比例1的结果、实施例2和对比例2的结果对比可知,添加纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂后,制备出的硅胶皮革耐磨性和耐热粘着性均得到了提高,同时由实施例1与对比例3和对比例4的结果对比可知,同时在底层中添加纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂后,比只添加其中一种的效果好,两者之间互相促进提高了整体性能。
将实施例1~3制得的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革与现有的聚氨酯合成革的耐候性进行对比测试,其中耐黄变测试的方法为UVB(15W*72h),耐高温是指合成革不变形的最高耐温度,耐低温是指合成革保持柔软的最低耐温度;测试结果见表2。
表2实施例1~4得到的硅胶皮革和现有聚氨酯合成革性能测试结果
检测项目 | 耐黄变 | 耐高温(℃) | 耐低温(℃) |
实施例1 | ≥4级 | 160 | -37 |
实施例2 | ≥4级 | 156 | -40 |
实施例3 | ≥4级 | 172 | -41 |
聚氨酯合成革 | 严重黄变 | 120 | -20 |
由表2可知,本发明获得的硅胶皮革的耐候性与现有聚氨酯皮革相比得到了明显的改善,满足用于生产交通工具内饰或座椅的面料对于耐候性的要求。此外现有聚氨酯合成革经测试,在300~500转即出现破损,其耐磨性也本发明获得的硅胶皮革也相去甚远。
本发明获得的硅胶皮革耐磨性好,耐候性好、粘合性好,回弹性好,手感柔软饱满,可与真皮相媲美,物美价廉,可广泛应用于交通工具内饰(如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车等的内饰)或座椅(例如舰船、飞机、火车、汽车、电动车、自行车等的座椅或坐垫)面料的大批量生产。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其特征在于:由面层、中间基料层、底层、基布层依次粘合而成,所述面层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4080~120份、P4硬化剂10份、乙烯基硅油0~20份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份;所述中间基料层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4180~120份、P4硬化剂10份、乙烯基硅油0~20份、调色剂8~60份;所述底层按照重量份数包含以下组分:有机硅胶P4280~120份、P4硬化剂10份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份、硅烷偶联剂2~5份、乙烯基硅油0~20份;所述有机硅胶P40、P41、P42均为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:aSiO2·nH2O;所述有机硅胶P4硬化剂为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:bSiO2·nH2O;所述乙烯基硅油为含量100%的聚硅氧烷,分子式:cSiO2·nH2O;其中,a、b、c为聚合度,均大于2,且a>b>c;n为1~3。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为三甲氧基硅烷、γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其特征在于:所述面层和底层中添加的纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10~30nm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其特征在于:所述中间基料层中的调色剂为无溶剂型环保有机硅调色剂,为色粉或色浆。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革,其特征在于:所述基布层的基布为针织布,机织布,超级纤维、仿麂皮或涤纶布。
6.一种如权利要求1~5任一项所述的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1、制备面层:将有机硅胶P4080~120份、P4硬化剂10份、纳米二氧化硅2~5份混合形成有机硅胶P40浆料,用乙烯基硅油0~20份将所述有机硅胶P40浆料黏度调至100000~120000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆在离型纸或离型膜表面,经过梯度干燥硬化形成面层;
S2、制备中间基料层:将有机硅胶P4180~120份与P4硬化剂10份混合成有机硅胶P41浆料后,添加调色剂8~60份,再用乙烯基硅油0~20份将所述有机硅胶P41浆料黏度调至250000~300000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆在所述步骤S1得到的面层表面,经梯度干燥形成中间基料层;
S3、制备底层并与基布层贴合:将有机硅胶P4280~120份与P4硬化剂10份混合成有机硅胶P42浆料后,添加纳米二氧化硅2~5份、硅烷偶联剂2~5份,再用乙烯基硅油0~20份将浆料黏度调至15000~25000mPa·s/25℃,并涂覆在所述步骤S2得到的中间基料层上,再与基布层贴合,经干燥形成应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中涂覆在离型纸或离型膜表面的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.05mm。
8.如权利要求6所述的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中涂覆在面层表面的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.15mm。
9.如权利要求6所述的应用于交通工具内饰或座椅的硅胶皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中涂覆在中间基料层上的浆料,涂覆厚度为0.15mm。
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