CN109678734B - 一种由乙二醇单甲醚直接催化胺化制备2-甲氧基乙胺的方法 - Google Patents
一种由乙二醇单甲醚直接催化胺化制备2-甲氧基乙胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种由乙二醇单甲醚直接催化胺化制备2‑甲氧基乙胺的方法,将原料乙二醇单甲醚、氨和氢气连续输入到充填催化剂的管式固定床反应器中直接进行胺化反应,制备得到2‑甲氧基乙胺。所述的催化剂是以γ‑氧化铝为载体,负载的活性金属组分为铜、钴、镍、铬、铈、银或钌元素中的一种或任意几种的混合物,所述的活性组分的理论负载量是催化剂质量的15%‑35%。本发明所述的方法具有工艺简单,反应条件温和,2‑甲氧基乙胺收率较高,成本低等优点。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及有机胺的生产领域,具体来说是一种在固体催化剂存在的条件下由乙二醇甲醚与氨为原料发生催化胺化制备2-甲氧基乙胺的方法。
技术背景:
有机脂肪胺是氨分子中部分或全部氢原子被烷基所取代的衍生物。根据氨分子中氢原子被烷基取代的数目不同可以依次分为伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,也可以称为一、二和三烷基胺。根据被取代烷基中碳原子的数目可以分为低级脂肪胺和高级脂肪胺;低级脂肪胺一般是由少于6个碳的烷基取代胺上的氢生成的,而高级脂肪胺一般是由8个碳原子以上的烷基取代胺上的氢生成的;根据取代烷基的种类不同又可以分为链状脂肪胺和环状脂肪胺。
由于脂肪胺具有亲核特性,这赋予它们高的反应性能,因此脂肪胺的化学性质比较活泼,用途非常的广泛,所以有机脂肪胺及其衍生物是一类及其重要的有机化工原料,脂肪胺可以用于合成农药、医药、橡胶助剂、染料及颜料、合成树脂、纺织助剂、表面活性剂、感光材料等多种有机及精细化工的原料及中间体的领域;且在农药和医药日用化学品及石油化工等众多领域的市场需求量巨大。
2-甲氧基乙胺是脂肪胺的一种,也是一种重要的有机化工原料, 广泛用于医药、农药中间体等方面。如文献中报道使用2-甲氧基乙胺来作为载体配基合成铂(Ⅱ)配合物用于合成抗肿瘤、癌症等方面的药物。
目前,关于2-甲氧基乙胺的合成,工业上采用在高温高压下乙二醇单甲醚与氨在由镍或氧化铝组成的催化剂作用下脱水制得,也有用甲氧基乙睛在镍催化加氢下制备,但因反应条件比较高,反应通常在高温高压下进行,所以对设备和操作的要求很高,且收率很低(6%-17%)。
文献报道采用乙二醇单甲醚与邻苯二甲酰亚胺在偶氮二甲酸二异丙脂和三苯基膦的作用下制备中间体,后经酸解制备2-甲氧基乙胺。另一片报道采用碱解中间体2-甲氧基-1-邻苯二甲酰亚胺的方法制备 2-甲氧基乙胺。但这两种方法非原子经济型反应,产生的邻苯二甲酸或其盐会产生大量废渣,对环境造成很大污染。
专利CN103936599描述了一种2-甲氧基乙胺的制备方法以乙醇胺为原料,经过与苯甲醛的共沸脱水生成醛亚胺,然后碱性条件下甲基化,脱除保护并碱化后精馏可得最终产物2-甲氧基乙胺,其收率为56%-84%,然而反应中会产生大量的盐,处理较为麻烦,且控制过程较为复杂。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种在一定条件下由乙二醇单甲醚与氨在氢气和催化剂存在的条件下发生氢化还原胺化反应制备2-甲氧基乙胺的方法,具体是通过含有过渡金属氧化物的负载型金属催化剂,使乙二醇单甲醚与氨在氢气存在下发生胺化反应从而制备2-甲氧基乙胺的方法。
为了达到以上目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种2-甲氧基乙胺的制备方法,所述的方法具体按照如下步骤进行:
在固定床反应器中,将催化剂装填在反应管中,在高纯氢 (>99.999%)气流中,在0.3-0.8MPa,200-300℃条件下活化2-4h,然后将乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气混合通入催化剂床层,在200-300℃ (优选为240-270℃),0.3-1MPa(优选为0.5-0.8MPa)条件下,进行氢化胺化反应,反应完全后,得到的产物经冷凝、分离得到2-甲氧基乙胺;所述的乙二醇单甲醚与氨气、氢气的进料物质的量之为1: 3-20:0.1-2(优选为1:5-10:0.5-1.5),所述的乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.2-1.5h-1(优选为0.3-0.8h-1);所述的催化剂是以γ-氧化铝为载体,负载的活性金属组分为铜、钴、镍、铬、铈、银或钌元素中的一种或任意几种的混合物,所述的活性组分的理论负载量是催化剂质量的15%-35%。
进一步,所述的催化剂中,所述的活性金属组分优选为铜、钴、镍的混合物,所述铜的理论负载量是催化剂质量的12%,所述钴的理论负载量是催化剂质量的5%,所述镍的理论负载量是催化剂质量的 8%。
进一步,所述的催化剂的制备方法可以采用常规的等体积浸渍方法来制备,具体按照如下步骤进行:
以γ-氧化铝为载体,然后将金属硝酸盐溶液浸渍在所述的γ-氧化铝上5-12h,达到浸渍平衡后,去掉多余的溶液,将浸渍后的催化剂在100-120℃下干燥8-12h,再在400-600℃下焙烧2-6h,得到目标催化剂;所述的金属硝酸盐为硝酸铜、硝酸钴、硝酸镍、硝酸铬、硝酸铈、硝酸银或硝酸亚硝酰钌中的一种或任意几种的混合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优势在于:本发明从乙二醇单甲醚出发,可以高选择性的制备伯胺和仲胺,反应的副产物较少,催化剂制备简单、活性高、反应工艺简单、反应条件温和、产生的污染较少、成本低等优点。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
乙二醇单甲醚转化率及产物选择性定量分析采用配有氢火焰离子检测器的气相色谱仪,色谱柱应选用大极性毛细管柱,采用面积归一法计算转化率和选择性。程序升温条件进样口温度220℃,检测器温度280℃,初始柱温50℃,保持5分钟,以每分钟10℃的升温速率升至250℃,保持2分钟。
实施例1
催化剂A的制备:利用等体积浸渍法按照各元素的百分含量称取2.5698g硝酸铜、2.1048g硝酸镍、0.6482g硝酸铈、3.7850g硝酸铬和0.0745g硝酸银,配制成10ml盐溶液并将盐溶液浸渍到10gγ-氧化铝载体上,常温浸渍12h后100℃干燥12h,于马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,冷却后即为所需的氧化型催化剂,得到催化剂A (Cu-Cr-Ni-Ce-Ag/Al2O3)。制备的催化剂以元素质量分数为基准, Cu含量7.8wt%、Cr含量6.7wt%、Ni含量5.13wt%、Ce含量2.5wt%、 Ag含量0.5wt%,其余为载体γ-氧化铝。
实施例2
催化剂B的制备:利用等体积浸渍法按照各元素的百分含量称取3.7965g硝酸铜、4.8658g硝酸镍,配制成10ml盐溶液并盐溶液浸渍到10gγ-氧化铝载体上,常温浸渍12h后100℃干燥12h,于马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,冷却后即为所需的催化剂B(Cu-Ni/Al2O3),制备的催化剂以元素质量分数为基准、Cu的含量为10wt%、Ni的含量为 10wt%,其余为载体γ-氧化铝。
实施例3
催化剂C的制备:利用等体积浸渍法按照各元素的百分含量称取5.3590g硝酸铜、4.8642g硝酸镍和0.0765g硝酸银,配制成10ml 盐溶液并将盐溶液浸渍到10gγ-氧化铝载体上,常温浸渍12h后100℃干燥12h,于马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,冷却后即为所需的催化剂 C(Cu-Ni-Ag/Al2O3),制备的催化剂以元素质量分数为基准、其中Cu 的含量为15wt%、Ni的含量10wt%、Ag的含量为0.5wt%,其余为载体γ-氧化铝。
实施例4
催化剂D的制备:利用等体积浸渍法按照各元素的百分含量称取4.1422g硝酸铜、3.4847g硝酸镍和1.8458g硝酸钴,配制成10ml 盐溶液并将盐溶液浸渍到10gγ-氧化铝载体上,常温浸渍12h后100℃干燥12h,于马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,冷却后即为所需的催化剂 D(Cu-Ni-Co/Al2O3),制备的催化剂以元素质量分数为基准、Cu的含量为12wt%、Ni的含量8wt%、Co的含量为5wt%,其余为载体γ- 氧化铝。
实施例5
催化剂E的制备:利用等体积浸渍法按照各元素的百分含量称取 4.1425g硝酸铜、3.3858g硝酸镍,1.5ml硝酸亚硝酰钌溶液,配制成 10ml盐溶液并将盐溶液浸渍到10gγ-氧化铝载体上,常温浸渍12h后 100℃干燥12h,于马弗炉中500℃焙烧3h,冷却后即为所需的催化剂E(Cu-Ni-Ru/Al2O3),制备的催化剂以元素质量分数为基准、Cu的含量占催化剂的12wt%、Ni的含量占催化剂的8wt%、Ru的含量占催化剂的0.1wt%,其余为载体γ-氧化铝。
实施例6
将催化剂A装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,反应前先通入氢气,升温至250℃,在此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1,通入乙二醇单甲醚的流量为3ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为10: 1:2,反应压力为0.5MPa,反应结果通过气相色谱分析鉴定,得到乙二醇单甲醚转化率74.76%,2-甲氧基乙胺选择性60.61%。
实施例7
将催化剂A装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,反应前先通入氢气,升温至250℃,在此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1,通入乙二醇单甲醚的流量为3ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为5: 1:1,反应压力为0.5MPa,反应结果通过气相色谱分析鉴定,得到乙二醇单甲醚转化率69.21%,2-甲氧基乙胺选择性52.36%。
实施例8
将催化剂B装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,先通入氢气气氛,升温至250℃,在此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,按照乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.6h-1,通入,乙二醇单甲醚的流量为6ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为10: 1:2,反应压力为0.5MPa。得到乙二醇单甲醚转化率59.04%,2-甲氧基乙胺选择性45.05%。
实施例9
将催化剂C装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,先通入氢气气氛,升温至250℃,维持此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,按照乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1,通入乙二醇单甲醚的流量为3ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为16:1:2、反应压力为0.5MPa,得到乙二醇单甲醚转化率69.21%, 2-甲氧基乙胺选择性52.36%。
实施例10
将催化剂D装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,先通入氢气气氛,升温至250℃,维持此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,按照乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1,通入乙二醇单甲醚的流量为3ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为16:1:2、反应压力为0.5MPa,乙二醇单甲醚转化率82.47%,2- 甲氧基乙胺选择性75.49%。
实施例11
将催化剂E装填到管式固定床反应器中进行评价,催化剂装填量为10ml,先通入氢气气氛,升温至250℃,维持此温度下活化2h;在250℃开始反应,通入乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气;乙二醇单甲醚由柱塞式微量泵打入,按照乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1,通入乙二醇单甲醚的流量为3ml/h,氨气与氢气和乙二醇单甲醚的摩尔比为16:1:2、反应压力为0.5MPa,乙二醇单甲醚转化率72.61%,2- 甲氧基乙胺选择性72.24%。
具体实验结果见表一
表一乙二醇单甲醚催化胺化制2-甲氧基乙胺结果
综上,本发明制备的系列催化剂能够在一定条件下催化乙二醇单甲醚与氨气一步反应得到产物2-甲氧基乙胺,原料的最大转化率可以达到80%以上,2-甲氧基乙胺选择性75%以上。
Claims (2)
1.一种2-甲氧基乙胺的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的方法按照如下步骤进行:
在固定床反应器中,将催化剂装填在反应管中,在高纯氢气流中,在0.3-0.8MPa,200-300℃条件下活化2-4h,然后将乙二醇单甲醚、氨气、氢气混合通入催化剂床层,在250℃,0.5MPa条件下,进行氢化胺化反应,反应完全后,得到的产物经冷凝、分离得到2-甲氧基乙胺;所述的乙二醇单甲醚与氨气、氢气的进料物质的量之为1:8:0.5,所述的乙二醇单甲醚的液相空速为0.3h-1;所述的催化剂是以γ-氧化铝为载体,
所述的催化剂负载有活性金属组分,所述的活性金属组分为铜、钴、镍的混合物,所述铜的理论负载量是催化剂质量的12%,所述钴的理论负载量是催化剂质量的5%,所述镍的理论负载量是催化剂质量的8%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的催化剂按照如下步骤进行制备:
以γ-氧化铝为载体,然后将金属硝酸盐溶液浸渍在所述的γ-氧化铝上5-12h,达到浸渍平衡后,去掉多余的溶液,将浸渍后的催化剂在100-120℃下干燥8-12h,再在400-600℃下焙烧2-6h,得到目标催化剂;所述的金属硝酸盐为硝酸铜、硝酸钴、硝酸镍的混合物。
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