CN109678501A - 一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109678501A
CN109678501A CN201811539404.2A CN201811539404A CN109678501A CN 109678501 A CN109678501 A CN 109678501A CN 201811539404 A CN201811539404 A CN 201811539404A CN 109678501 A CN109678501 A CN 109678501A
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戴昭波
陈鱼
赖炜
刘长流
张玉芬
胡建松
欧阳校航
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GUIZHOU ZHENHUA HONGYUN ELECTRONICS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法,涉及压电陶瓷领域。该压电振子瓷料属三元系(PSN‑PZT)压电陶瓷,其配方化学计量通式为:Pb1‑x‑yMxZy(Sb1/ 3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.0‑0.15,y=0‑0.15,M、Z包括化合物SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种;该压电振子陶瓷经过第一次球磨,第二次球磨,得到的筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型进行排胶处理后用电极极化得到,本发明所公开的制备方法操作简单、稳定,产率高,适于工业化推广应用,制备的压电振子适用于烟雾报警器用的蜂鸣器。

Description

一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于压电陶瓷领域,且特别涉及一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
自从居里兄弟首次发现压电效应,经过一百多年的不断革新与发展,压电陶瓷材料已被广泛应用于航空航天、车用电子、无线通信、传感技术和宽带互联网等领域,并在军事装备中占据着重要的地位。与BaTiO3压电陶瓷相比,由于具有较高的介电常数、压电常数与机电耦合系数,PZT 压电陶瓷材料得到了广泛的应用。随着发展,人们对安全越来越重视,烟雾报警器市场不断壮大,为了满足市场需要。因此,学者们对三元系与四元系的压电陶瓷进行了广泛的研究与探索,以满足市场烟雾报警器用压电振子的压电陶瓷性能的需求。
目前,国内的学者们对三元系Pb1-y-zSryBaz(Mg1/3Nb2/3)xTimZrnO3 、Pb1-mSrm(Mg1/ 3Nb2/3)xTiyZrzO30.41[xPb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3+yPb(Sb1/2Nb1/2)O3+(1-x-y)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3]+0.59Pb(ZrzTi1-z)O3等压电材料进行了研究,但其电性能不能满足要求。因此开发一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷配方及其制备方法迫在眉睫。本发明采用传统的固相烧结法制备了一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子三元系瓷料Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/ 3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.0-0.15,y=0-0.15, M、Z包括SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种,获得具有稳定性能的压电陶瓷材料,基于该压电陶瓷材料构建的烟雾报警器具有广阔的市场前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的配方,通过配方中各物质的相互配合,有效保证该三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的电性能的稳定性。另一目的在于提供一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的制备方法,其操作简单、稳定,产率高,适于工业化推广应用,同时提供一种上述制备方法制得的三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,具备稳定的电性能,能满足烟雾报警器所用的压电振子需求。
本发明解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的:
一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方,所述压电振子瓷料属三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其配方化学计量通式为:
Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98, M、Z包括化合物SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种;其中优选地,其中:0.0<x≤0.15,0.0<y≤0.15,优选0.08<x<0.12,0.05<y<0.08。
这种一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法步骤包括:
步骤A:按所述的配方选取所需原料后按比例与去离子水混合,第一次球磨得到第一次浆料,烘干粉碎过80目筛后将得到的第一次筛下物置于炉内梯度升温后在950℃-1100℃保温2-4h后,自然冷却,得预烧物料;将预烧物料与去离子水混合后进行第二次球磨,得第二次浆料,烘干粉碎过200目筛后得第二次筛下物料,将第二次筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;
步骤B:将步骤A制得的坯件于350-550℃保温240-480分钟进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1250℃-1300℃保温2-4h后随炉冷却后,用电极极化;
其中所述步骤A中采用第一研磨球进行第一次球磨,其中第一研磨球:所述原料:去离子水的重量比为2.2-4.4:1:1;优选比例为3:1:1;采用第二研磨球进行第二次球磨,其中第二研磨球:预烧物料:去离子水的重量比为2.2-4.4:1:1;优选比例为3:1:1;其中所述步骤A中第一次筛下物置于炉内是以3℃/min梯度升温至950℃-1100℃保温2-4h。步骤A中粘结剂为石蜡,添加量为所述第二筛下物料的3wt%-7wt%。
其中所述步骤B中的排胶处理,烧结炉以0.5℃/min-1℃/min升温至500℃,将所述坯件于500℃保温180-240分钟进行排胶处理;所述步骤B中将坯件排胶后,所述烧结炉以2.0-2.5℃/min梯度升温至1250℃-1300℃;优选梯度为,以2.3℃/min升温至1250℃-1300℃。所述步骤B中电极为采用丝网印刷烧结后的所述坯件的表面涂覆银电极后,在790-850℃烧银,优选在800℃烧银,极化过程为烧银后置于20-120℃的硅油中,在电场强度为1.5-2.5KV/mm下极化20-30min;优选极化为烧银后置于70℃的硅油中,在电场强度为2-2.3KV/mm下极化30min。
所述压电陶瓷的介电常数介于2700-3500,压电常数介于(800-900)PC/N,压电陶瓷的居里温度200-280℃,机电耦合系数70-80%。
采用扫描电镜分析本发明方法制备的压电陶瓷的粒径见图1所示,参照配方化学计量通式为:Pb82M0.1Z0.08(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98的烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷做成样品,如图2所示,本发明提供的烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷配方及其制备方法,由该配方制备的压电陶瓷振子具有良好的综合性能,适用于制备烟雾报警器所用器件产品。该制备方法操作简便,制备条件易达到,产率高,可靠性好,适于工业化生产,。
附图说明:
图1:为本发明提供的配方化学计量通式为:Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,y=0.08,x=0.06、0.08、0.10、0.12的烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片;
图2:为本发明提供的配方化学计量通式为:Pb82M0.1Z0.08(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98的烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷做成样品图。
具体实施例
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其由以下方法制得:按烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的配方化学计量通式为:Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.06,y=0.1, M、Z包括SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种,选取原料Pb3O4,SrCO3,BaCO3,ZrO2,CaCO3,MgCO3,TiO2,Sb2O3,Nb2O5(分析纯)后与去离子水混合,第一次球磨4h,得到第一浆料,烘干,置于炉内在1050℃下保温2小时后,冷却,得预烧物料。
将预烧物料与去离子水混合后第二次球磨4h后,得第二浆料,将第二浆料烘干,粉碎,得第二筛下物料。将第二筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;其中,粘结剂为石蜡,粘结剂的添加量为第二筛下物料的5wt%。将坯件于500℃,保温3h进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1260℃保温3h后随炉冷却,形成压电陶瓷样品。接着,对压电陶瓷样品的两端采用丝网印刷在其表面涂覆银电极后,在800℃烧银后,接着在70℃硅油内、电场强度2kV/mm下极化25min,然后测试其电性能参数,测试结果如表1所示。
实施例2
一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其由以下方法制得:按烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的配方化学计量通式为:Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.1,y=0.08, M、Z包括SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种,选取原料Pb3O4,SrCO3,BaCO3,ZrO2,CaCO3,MgCO3,TiO2,Sb2O3,Nb2O5(分析纯)后与去离子水混合,第一次球磨4h,得到第一浆料,烘干,置于炉内在1100℃下保温2小时后,冷却,得预烧物料。将预烧物料与去离子水混合后第二次球磨4h后,得第二浆料,将第二浆料烘干,粉碎,得第二筛下物料。
将第二筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;其中,粘结剂为石蜡,粘结剂的添加量为第二筛下物料的5wt%。将坯件于500℃,保温3h进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1270℃保温3h后随炉冷却,形成压电陶瓷样品。接着,对压电陶瓷样品的两端采用丝网印刷在其表面涂覆银电极后,在820℃烧银后,接着在70℃硅油内、电场强度2.3kV/mm下极化30min,然后测试其电性能参数,测试结果如表1所示。
实施例3
一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其由以下方法制得:按烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的配方化学计量通式为:Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.12,y=0.06, M、Z包括SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种,选取原料Pb3O4,SrCO3,BaCO3,ZrO2,CaCO3,MgCO3,TiO2,Sb2O3,Nb2O5(分析纯)后与去离子水混合,第一次球磨4h,得到第一浆料,烘干,置于炉内在1080℃下保温2小时后,冷却,得预烧物料。将预烧物料与去离子水混合后第二次球磨4h后,得第二浆料,将第二浆料烘干,粉碎,得第二筛下物料。
将第二筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;其中,粘结剂为石蜡,粘结剂的添加量为第二筛下物料的5wt%。将坯件于500℃,保温3h进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1280℃保温4h后随炉冷却,形成压电陶瓷样品。接着,对压电陶瓷样品的两端采用丝网印刷在其表面涂覆银电极后,在800℃烧银后,接着在25℃硅油内、电场强度2.3kV/mm下极化30min,然后测试其电性能参数,测试结果如表1所示。
实施例4
一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其由以下方法制得:按烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的配方化学计量通式为:Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98,其中,x=0.11,y=0.12, M、Z包括SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种,选取原料Pb3O4,SrCO3,BaCO3,ZrO2,CaCO3,MgCO3,TiO2,Sb2O3,Nb2O5(分析纯)后与去离子水混合,第一次球磨4h,得到第一浆料,烘干,置于炉内在1030℃下保温2小时后,冷却,得预烧物料。将预烧物料与去离子水混合后第二次球磨4h后,得第二浆料,将第二浆料烘干,粉碎,得第二筛下物料。
将第二筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;其中,粘结剂为聚乙烯醇,粘结剂的添加量为第二筛下物料的5wt%。将坯件于500℃,保温3h进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1290℃保温3h后随炉冷却,形成压电陶瓷样品。接着,对压电陶瓷样品的两端采用丝网印刷在其表面涂覆银电极后,在800℃烧银后,接着在25℃硅油内、电场强度2.2kV/mm下极化30min,然后测试其电性能参数,测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷的性能参数对比
实施例 d<sub>33</sub>(pC/N) ε<sub>r</sub> tanδ(%) k<sub>p</sub>(%)
实施例1 820 2800 0.028 72.5
实施例2 900 3480 0.026 79.8
实施例3 850 3100 0.029 71.8
实施例4 860 3200 0.030 73.9
通过检测实施例中的数据,可以看到,本发明提供的烟雾报警器专用压电振子用三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷具有良好的综合性能,高的介电常数和压电常数同时保持较高机电耦合系数和较低的损耗,适用于制备烟雾报警器专用陶瓷压电振子。尤其当配方化学计量通式中,x=0.1,y=0.08附近组成的三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷具有更为优异的综合性能。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方,其特征在于,所述压电振子瓷料属三元系(PSN-PZT)压电陶瓷,其配方化学计量通式为:
Pb1-x-yMxZy(Sb1/3Nb2/30.02(Zr1/2Ti1/20.98, M、Z包括化合物SrCO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、MgCO3中的至少两种;其中优选地,其中:0.0<x≤0.15,0.0<y≤0.15,优选0.08<x<0.12,0.05<y<0.08。
2.一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤包括:
步骤A:按权利要求1所述的配方选取所需原料后按比例与去离子水混合,第一次球磨得到第一次浆料,烘干粉碎过80目筛后将得到的第一次筛下物置于炉内梯度升温后在950℃-1100℃保温2-4h后,自然冷却,得预烧物料;将预烧物料与去离子水混合后进行第二次球磨,得第二次浆料,烘干粉碎过200目筛后得第二次筛下物料,将第二次筛下物料与粘结剂混合,造粒,压制成型,得坯件;
步骤B:将步骤A制得的坯件于350-550℃保温240-480分钟进行排胶处理后,置于烧结炉内,于1250℃-1300℃保温2-4h后随炉冷却后,用电极极化。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中采用第一研磨球进行第一次球磨,其中第一研磨球:所述原料:去离子水的重量比为2.2-4.4:1:1;优选比例为3:1:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中采用第二研磨球进行第二次球磨,其中第二研磨球:预烧物料:去离子水的重量比为2.2-4.4:1:1;优选比例为3:1:1。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中第一次筛下物置于炉内是以3℃/min梯度升温至950℃-1100℃保温2-4h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B中的排胶处理,烧结炉以0.5℃/min-1℃/min升温至500℃,将所述坯件于500℃保温180-240分钟进行排胶处理。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述步骤B中将坯件排胶后,所述烧结炉以2.0-2.5℃/min梯度升温至1250℃-1300℃;优选梯度为,以2.3℃/min升温至1250℃-1300℃。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中粘结剂为石蜡,添加量为所述第二筛下物料的3wt%-7wt%。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B中电极为采用丝网印刷烧结后的所述坯件的表面涂覆银电极后,在790-850℃烧银,优选在800℃烧银,极化过程为烧银后置于20-120℃的硅油中,在电场强度为1.5-2.5KV/mm下极化20-30min;优选极化为烧银后置于70℃的硅油中,在电场强度为2-2.3KV/mm下极化30min。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的一种烟雾报警器专用压电振子瓷料配方及其制备方法,所述压电陶瓷的介电常数介于2700-3500,压电常数介于(800-900)PC/N,压电陶瓷的居里温度200-280℃,机电耦合系数70-80%。
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