CN109655869B - Method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in closed-loop two-period mode - Google Patents
Method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in closed-loop two-period mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655869B CN109655869B CN201811566578.8A CN201811566578A CN109655869B CN 109655869 B CN109655869 B CN 109655869B CN 201811566578 A CN201811566578 A CN 201811566578A CN 109655869 B CN109655869 B CN 109655869B
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
Abstract
A closed-loop two-cycle device and a method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water comprise a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, a radon measuring instrument, a flowmeter, a first three-way electromagnetic valve and a second three-way electromagnetic valve; the measuring device is placed in a constant temperature environment, the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened to realize communication with the external atmospheric environment, or the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve are controlled to be opened to form a closed loop air path, the air pump controls air to enter the water sample measuring bottle to bubble, radon in a water sample to be measured is carried out, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe, then enters the radon measuring instrument to measure the concentration of gaseous radon, and then enters the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe. And calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon detector. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and short measuring time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a closed loop type two-period mode.
Background
Radium (Ra-226) is an extremely toxic osteogenic alpha radionuclide, and its massive deposition in vivo can induce bone cancer or leukemia, thus endangering human health. Radium (Ra-226) has generally higher activity in underground water, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general surface water (river water, lake water, seawater and the like); drinking water sources in many regions of the world are underground water, and underground water in some regions naturally contains high-concentration radium elements or a large amount of radium elements are activated and released into the underground water along with exploitation of different mineral products such as uranium mines and the like, so that great potential safety hazards exist when people use the underground water as the drinking water source, and the concentration of the radium elements contained in the local underground water needs to be monitored for a long time when the drinking water source is selected. In the prior art, the measuring device and the measuring method for the radium element concentration in water are complex and long in measuring time, and a device and a method for rapidly measuring the radium element concentration in water are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a closed-loop two-period method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water, and the method can be used for rapidly obtaining the accurate radium concentration in water.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode is based on a device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode.
The air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the radon detector through a hose, the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, the air outlet end of the radon detector is connected with the air inlet end of the flow meter through a hose, the air outlet end of the flow meter is connected with the air inlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe through a hose, and the second air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment;
the method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing a closed-loop device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in two periods in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cap, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. respectively opening second air outlet ends of a first three-way electromagnetic valve and a second three-way electromagnetic valve, closing the first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve, starting an air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump to be very large, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through an air inlet pipe to bubble, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the first three-way electromagnetic valve through an air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in an air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. respectively closing second air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve, opening first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve so as to form a closed loop air path, controlling the air pump to adjust the flow rate by obtaining the reading of the flow meter, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to bubble, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump through the air outlet pipe to enter the first three-way electromagnetic valve, then entering the radon detector from the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve, then entering the second three-way electromagnetic valve from the air outlet end of the flow meter through the flow meter, and then entering the air inlet pipe again from the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change;
E. the measurement adopts longer time interval measurement, the measurement period T is 5-120 minutes, and two measurement periods T with equal time are respectively measured;
second, calculating process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon detector;
radon in water in the water sample measuring bottle comes from decay of radium in the water; setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant of radon; cRnIs the concentration of radon in the closed-loop gas circuit; v1The volume of the closed-loop gas circuit comprises the sum of the pipeline volume of the hose, the pipeline volume of the gas inlet pipe, the pipeline volume of the gas outlet pipe, the volume of the internal measuring cavity of the emanometer and the volume of the upper space of the liquid level of the water sample measuring bottle; lambda [ alpha ]lIs the leakage coefficient;
according to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) for formula (2) to obtain:
let the effective decay constant lambdaeComprises the following steps:
equation (4) reduces to:
the initial radon concentration is 0 and the solution of equation (6) is:
the time of the two measurement periods is T, because the radon detector gives the average radon concentration in the measurement period, the linear approximation is regarded as the radon concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and at the midpoint of the first measurement period, the radon concentration is:
at the midpoint of the second measurement cycle, the radon concentration is:
and calculating the radium concentration in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the closed-loop two-period rapid radium concentration measuring device in water is simple in structure, convenient to operate and short in measuring time.
2. The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in the water in a closed-loop two-period mode is simple in calculation process of the radium concentration in the water, the obtained radium concentration result is accurate, healthy drinking water standards can be established for the country through long-term continuous monitoring and analysis of the radium concentration in a groundwater water sample in a certain area, bases are provided for water pollution treatment, national disease prevention and treatment, water for agriculture and animal husbandry and the like, and the groundwater environment and drinking water safety of residents are guaranteed.
The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed-loop two-cycle apparatus for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-cycle manner comprises a water sample measuring bottle 1, a bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe sleeve 4, an air inlet pipe 5, an air outlet pipe 6, an air pump 7, a radon measuring instrument 8, a flowmeter 9, a first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and a second three-way electromagnetic valve 11.
An air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and an air outlet pipe sleeve 4 are respectively arranged on the bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe 6 is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve 4, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with an air inlet end of an air pump 7 through a hose, an air outlet end of the air pump 7 is connected with an air inlet end of a first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 through a hose, a first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is connected with an air inlet end of a radon measuring instrument 8 through a hose, a second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is communicated with the atmospheric environment, an air outlet end of the radon measuring instrument 8 is connected with an air inlet end of a flowmeter 9 through a hose, an air outlet end of the flowmeter 9 is connected with an air inlet end of a second three-way electromagnetic valve 11 through a hose, a first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11 is connected with an air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 5 through a hose, and a second air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11 is communicated with the atmospheric environment.
The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode by adopting the measuring device comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
first, measuring process
A. Placing a closed-loop device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in two periods in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle 1, tightly covering the bottle cap 2, enabling the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 5 to be positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle 1, and enabling the air inlet of the air outlet pipe 6 to be positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. respectively opening second air outlet ends of a first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and a second three-way electromagnetic valve 11, closing the first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11, starting an air pump 7, controlling the flow rate of the air pump 7 to be very large, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through an air inlet pipe 5 to bubble, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump 7 through an air outlet pipe 6 to enter the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10, wherein the radon concentration in an air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump 7 is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump 7;
D. respectively closing second air outlet ends of a first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and a second three-way electromagnetic valve 11, opening the first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11 to form a closed loop air path, controlling the air pump 7 to reduce the flow rate by obtaining the reading of the flow meter 9, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe 5 to bubble, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump 7 through the air outlet pipe 6 to enter the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10, then entering the radon detector 8 from the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve 10, then entering the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11 from the air outlet end of the flow meter 9 through the flow meter 9, and then entering the air inlet pipe 5 again from the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve 11; when the flow rate of the air pump 7 is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump 7 is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument 8 and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle 1 synchronously change;
E. the measurement adopts longer time interval measurement, the measurement period T is 5-120 minutes, and two measurement periods T with equal time are respectively measured;
second, calculating process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon detector;
radon in water in the water sample measuring bottle 1 comes from decay of radium in the water; setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle 1 for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant of radon; cRnIs the concentration of radon in the closed-loop gas circuit; v1The volume of the closed-loop gas circuit comprises the sum of the pipeline volume of the hose, the pipeline volume of the gas inlet pipe 5, the pipeline volume of the gas outlet pipe 6, the volume of the internal measuring cavity of the emanometer 8 and the volume of the upper space of the liquid level of the water sample measuring bottle 1; lambda [ alpha ]lIs the leakage coefficient.
According to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
let the effective decay constant lambdaeComprises the following steps:
equation (4) reduces to:
the initial radon concentration is 0 and the solution of equation (6) is:
the time of the two measurement periods is T, because the radon detector 8 gives the average radon concentration in the measurement period, the linear approximation is regarded as the radon concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and at the midpoint of the first measurement period, the radon concentration is:
at the midpoint of the second measurement cycle, the radon concentration is:
and (5) calculating the radium concentration in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).
Claims (1)
1. The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode is implemented by using a device for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode, and the device for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period mode comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, a radon measuring instrument, a flowmeter, a first three-way electromagnetic valve and a second three-way electromagnetic valve;
the air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve, the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the radon measuring instrument through a hose, the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, the air outlet end of the radon measuring instrument is connected with the air inlet end of the flow meter through a hose, the air outlet end of the flow meter is connected with the air inlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe through a hose, and the second air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment;
the method is characterized by comprising a measuring process and a calculating process, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing a device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a closed-loop two-period manner in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cap, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. respectively opening second air outlet ends of a first three-way electromagnetic valve and a second three-way electromagnetic valve, closing first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve, starting an air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump to be very large, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through an air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the first three-way electromagnetic valve through an air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in an air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. respectively closing second air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve, opening first air outlet ends of the first three-way electromagnetic valve and the second three-way electromagnetic valve so as to form a closed loop air path, controlling the air pump to adjust the flow rate by obtaining the reading of the flow meter, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to bubble, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump through the air outlet pipe to enter the first three-way electromagnetic valve, then entering the radon detector from the first air outlet end of the first three-way electromagnetic valve, then entering the second three-way electromagnetic valve from the air outlet end of the flow meter through the flow meter, and then entering the air inlet pipe again from the first air outlet end of the second three-way electromagnetic valve; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change;
E. the measurement adopts longer time interval measurement, the measurement period T is 5-120 minutes, and two measurement periods T with equal time are respectively measured;
second, calculating process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon detector;
radon in water in the water sample measuring bottle comes from decay of radium in the water; setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant of radon; cRnIs the concentration of radon in the closed loop gas circuit; v1The volume of the closed-loop gas circuit comprises the sum of the pipeline volume of the hose, the pipeline volume of the gas inlet pipe, the pipeline volume of the gas outlet pipe, the volume of the internal measuring cavity of the emanometer and the volume of the upper space of the liquid level of the water sample measuring bottle; lambda [ alpha ]lIs the leakage coefficient;
according to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) for formula (2) to obtain:
let the effective decay constant lambdaeComprises the following steps:
equation (4) reduces to:
the initial radon concentration is 0 and the solution of equation (6) is:
the time of the two measurement periods is T, because the radon detector gives the average radon concentration in the measurement period, the linear approximation is regarded as the radon concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and at the midpoint of the first measurement period, the radon concentration is:
at the midpoint of the second measurement cycle, the radon concentration is:
and calculating the radium concentration in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).
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