CN109655860B - Method for quickly measuring radium concentration in water in closed loop mode - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BWJGGLDSZPWFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon hydrate Chemical compound O.[Rn] BWJGGLDSZPWFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002384 drinking water standard Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种核辐射探测技术，特别是一种闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的方法。The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a closed-loop method for rapidly measuring the concentration of radium in water.
背景技术Background technique
镭(Ra-226)是一种极毒的亲骨性α放射性核素，它在体内的大量沉积会诱发骨癌或白血病，从而危害人体健康。镭(Ra-226)在地下水活度普遍较高，比一般的地表水(河水、湖水、海水等)的活度高1-2个数量级；世界上许多地区的饮用水源是地下水，部分地区地下水中天然含有高浓度的镭元素或随着不同矿产例如铀矿山等的开采有大量的镭元素活化释放进入到地下水，使得人们在使用地下水做饮用水源时存在较大的安全隐患，因而在进行饮用水源选取时需要对当地的地下水中含有的镭元素的浓度进行长期的监测。现有技术水中镭元素浓度的测量装置及测量方法复杂且测量时间长，需要一种可实现快速测量水中镭浓度的装置及方法。Radium (Ra-226) is an extremely toxic osteophilic alpha radionuclide. Its massive deposition in the body can induce bone cancer or leukemia, thus endangering human health. The activity of radium (Ra-226) in groundwater is generally high, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general surface water (river water, lake water, seawater, etc.); the drinking water source in many parts of the world is groundwater, and in some areas Groundwater naturally contains high concentrations of radium or with the mining of different minerals such as uranium mines, a large amount of radium is activated and released into groundwater, which makes people use groundwater as a source of drinking water. Long-term monitoring of the concentration of radium in local groundwater is required when selecting drinking water sources. The prior art device and method for measuring the concentration of radium in water are complex and take a long time to measure, and a device and method that can quickly measure the concentration of radium in water are required.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的方法，利用该方法能快速得到较准确的水中镭浓度。The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a closed-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water, which can quickly obtain a more accurate radium concentration in water.
本发明的技术方案是：闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的方法，基于闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的装置，该装置包括水样测量瓶、瓶盖、进气管套、出气管套、进气管、出气管、气泵、测氡仪、流量计、第一三通电磁阀及第二三通电磁阀。进气管套及出气管套分别安装在瓶盖上，进气管插在进气管套上，出气管插在出气管套上，出气管通过软管与气泵的进气端连接，气泵的出气端通过软管与第一三通电磁阀的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀的第一出气端通过软管与测氡仪的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀的第二出气端与大气环境相通，测氡仪的出气端通过软管与流量计的进气端连接，流量计的出气端通过软管与第二三通电磁阀的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端通过软管与进气管的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端与大气环境相通；The technical scheme of the present invention is: a method for rapidly measuring the concentration of radium in water in a closed-loop type, and a device for rapidly measuring the concentration of radium in water based on a closed-loop type. Outlet pipe, air pump, radon detector, flow meter, first three-way solenoid valve and second three-way solenoid valve. The air inlet tube sleeve and the air outlet tube sleeve are respectively installed on the bottle cap, the air inlet tube is inserted into the air inlet tube sleeve, the air outlet tube is inserted into the air outlet tube sleeve, the air outlet tube is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, and the air outlet end of the air pump passes through The hose is connected to the inlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve, the first outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve is connected to the inlet end of the radon detector through the hose, and the second outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve Connected with the atmospheric environment, the outlet end of the radon detector is connected to the inlet end of the flowmeter through a hose, and the outlet end of the flowmeter is connected to the inlet end of the second three-way solenoid valve through a hose, and the second three-way solenoid valve The first air outlet end of the valve is connected with the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe through a hose, and the second air outlet end of the second three-way solenoid valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment;
包括测量过程和计算过程，其具体步骤如下：Including the measurement process and the calculation process, the specific steps are as follows:
一、测量过程1. Measurement process
A、将闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的装置放置在恒温的环境，并测量环境温度；A. Place the closed-loop rapid measurement device for radium concentration in water in a constant temperature environment, and measure the ambient temperature;
B、将待测水样倒入水样测量瓶内，并盖紧瓶盖，进气管的出气口在待测水样内并靠近水样测量瓶的瓶底，出气管的进气口位于待测水样液面上；B. Pour the water sample to be measured into the water sample measuring bottle, and close the bottle cap tightly. The air outlet of the air inlet pipe is in the water sample to be measured and close to the bottom of the water sample measuring bottle. Measure the liquid level of the water sample;
C、分别打开第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端，关闭第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端，启动气泵，控制气泵的流率使其非常大，使得空气通过进气管进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管进入气泵进入第一三通电磁阀，然后从第一三通电磁阀的第二出气端进入大气环境，由于气泵的流率非常大，气泵启动5-30分钟后，能够认为气路中氡的浓度为0；C. Open the second gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve respectively, close the first gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve, start the air pump, and control the flow of the air pump At the same time, the radon in the water sample to be tested is carried out, and the air pump enters the first three-way solenoid valve through the air outlet pipe, and then flows from the first three-way solenoid valve to the first three-way solenoid valve. The second air outlet of the solenoid valve enters the atmospheric environment. Since the flow rate of the air pump is very large, 5-30 minutes after the air pump is started, it can be considered that the concentration of radon in the air circuit is 0;
D、分别关闭第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第二出气端，打开第一三通电磁阀、第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端，从而形成闭环气路，通过获取流量计读数来控制气泵调小流率，使得空气通过进气管进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管进入气泵进到第一三通电磁阀，然后从第一三通电磁阀的第一出气端进入测氡仪后，再通过流量计，从流量计的出气端进到第二三通电磁阀，然后从第二三通电磁阀的第一出气端再次进入进气管；在调小气泵流率时，气泵的流率保持适中，使得测氡仪测量腔内的氡浓度与水样测量瓶内的气态氡浓度同步变化；D. Close the second gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve respectively, and open the first gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve and the second three-way solenoid valve, thereby forming a closed-loop gas path, Obtain the flow meter reading to control the air pump to reduce the flow rate, so that the air bubbles into the water sample to be measured through the air inlet pipe, and at the same time, the radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out, and enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe and enters the first three-way electromagnetic valve, and then enter the radon tester from the first outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve, and then pass through the flowmeter, enter the second three-way solenoid valve from the outlet end of the flowmeter, and then enter the second three-way solenoid valve from the second three-way solenoid valve. The first air outlet enters the intake pipe again; when the flow rate of the air pump is adjusted down, the flow rate of the air pump remains moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the radon detector and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle change synchronously;
E，以2-20分钟较短时间为测量周期，测氡仪连续测量气态氡浓度；E, with a short time of 2-20 minutes as the measurement period, the radon meter continuously measures the gaseous radon concentration;
二、计算过程Second, the calculation process
根据环境温度、待测水样的体积、闭环气路的体积以及测氡仪的读数计算水样中的镭浓度；Calculate the radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be tested, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon detector;
水样测量瓶中的水中的氡来源于水中镭的衰变；由于气泵的流率较大，能够认为闭环气路中氡浓度相等。设水样的体积为V，水中镭活度为ARa，则水中镭浓度CRa为：The radon in the water sample measuring bottle comes from the decay of radium in the water; due to the large flow rate of the air pump, it can be considered that the radon concentration in the closed-loop gas circuit is equal. Suppose the volume of the water sample is V and the radium activity in the water is A Ra , then the radium concentration C Ra in the water is:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)C Ra =A Ra /V (1)
水样测量瓶中的水中氡浓度C’Rn的变化规律为：The variation rule of the radon concentration C' Rn in the water sample measuring bottle is:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)dC' Rn /dt=C Ra λ Rn -λ Rn (C' Rn +C Rn V 1 /V)-λ l C Rn V 1 /V (2)
式中λRn是氡的衰变常数；CRn是闭环气路中氡的浓度；V1是闭环气路的体积，闭环气路的体积包括软管的管道体积、进气管的管道体积、出气管的管道体积、测氡仪内部测量腔的体积和水样测量瓶液面上部空间的体积之和；λl是泄漏系数。where λ Rn is the decay constant of radon; C Rn is the concentration of radon in the closed-loop gas path; V 1 is the volume of the closed-loop gas path. The sum of the volume of the pipeline, the volume of the internal measuring cavity of the radon tester and the volume of the space above the liquid surface of the water sample measuring bottle; λ l is the leakage coefficient.
根据测量时的温度查表得到水氡与气态氡平衡时的浓度比X，有：According to the temperature at the time of measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon and gaseous radon in equilibrium is obtained by looking up the table, as follows:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)C' Rn = XC Rn (3)
将式(3)代入式(2)得：Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) to get:
令有效衰变常数λe为：Let the effective decay constant λ e be:
式(4)简化为：Equation (4) is simplified to:
初始氡浓度为0，式(6)的解为：The initial radon concentration is 0, the solution of equation (6) is:
根据式(7)进行非线性拟合得到水中镭浓度。According to formula (7), the radium concentration in water is obtained by nonlinear fitting.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明提供的闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的装置结构简单，操作方便，测量时间短。1. The closed-loop fast measuring device for radium concentration in water provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and short measuring time.
2、通过本发明提供的测量方法计算水中镭浓度计算过程简单，计算结果准确，能够通过对某地区地下水水样中镭浓度进行长期持续性的监测分析，为国家制定健康的饮用水标准，并为水污染治理、国家疾病预防和治疗、农牧业用水等提供依据，确保地下水环境及居民饮用水安全。2. The calculation process of calculating the concentration of radium in water by the measuring method provided by the present invention is simple and the calculation result is accurate, and it is possible to formulate healthy drinking water standards for the country through long-term continuous monitoring and analysis of the concentration of radium in groundwater samples in a certain area, and Provide basis for water pollution control, national disease prevention and treatment, agricultural and animal husbandry water use, etc., to ensure the safety of groundwater environment and residents' drinking water.
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的详细结构作进一步描述。The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度装置的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed-loop fast measuring device for radium concentration in water according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示：闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的装置，包括水样测量瓶1、瓶盖2、进气管套3、出气管套4、进气管5、出气管6、气泵7、测氡仪8、流量计9、第一三通电磁阀10及第二三通电磁阀11。进气管套3及出气管套4分别安装在瓶盖2上，进气管5插在进气管套3上，出气管6插在出气管套4上，出气管6通过软管与气泵7的进气端连接，气泵7的出气端通过软管与第一三通电磁阀10的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀10的第一出气端通过软管与测氡仪8的进气端连接，第一三通电磁阀10的第二出气端与大气环境相通，测氡仪8的出气端通过软管与流量计9的进气端连接，流量计9的出气端通过软管与第二三通电磁阀11的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀11的第一出气端通过软管与进气管5的进气端连接，第二三通电磁阀11的第二出气端与大气环境相通。As shown in Figure 1: A closed-loop fast measuring device for radium concentration in water, including water
采用上述测量装置进行闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的方法，包括测量过程和计算过程，其具体步骤如下：The method for fast closed-loop measurement of radium concentration in water using the above-mentioned measuring device includes a measurement process and a calculation process, and the specific steps are as follows:
一、测量过程1. Measurement process
A、将闭环式快速测量水中镭浓度的装置放置在恒温的环境，并测量环境温度；A. Place the closed-loop rapid measurement device for radium concentration in water in a constant temperature environment, and measure the ambient temperature;
B、将待测水样倒入水样测量瓶1内，并盖紧瓶盖2，进气管5的出气口在待测水样内并靠近水样测量瓶1的瓶底，出气管6的进气口位于待测水样液面上；B. Pour the water sample to be measured into the water
C、分别打开第一三通电磁阀10、第二三通电磁阀11的第二出气端，关闭第一三通电磁阀10、第二三通电磁阀11的第一出气端，启动气泵7，控制气泵7的流率使其非常大，使得空气通过进气管5进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管6进入气泵7进入第一三通电磁阀10，然后从第一三通电磁阀10的第二出气端进入大气环境，由于气泵7的流率非常大，气泵7启动5-30分钟后，能够认为气路中氡的浓度为0；C. Open the second gas outlet ends of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 and the second three-way solenoid valve 11 respectively, close the first gas outlet ends of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 and the second three-way solenoid valve 11, and start the air pump 7 , control the flow rate of the air pump 7 to make it very large, so that the air enters the water sample to be measured through the air inlet pipe 5 and bubbles, and at the same time, the radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out, and enters the air pump 7 through the air outlet pipe 6 and enters the first three. The solenoid valve 10 is turned on, and then enters the atmospheric environment from the second outlet end of the first three-way solenoid valve 10. Since the flow rate of the air pump 7 is very large, 5-30 minutes after the air pump 7 is started, it can be considered that the concentration of radon in the gas path is 0;
D、分别关闭第一三通电磁阀10、第二三通电磁阀11的第二出气端，打开第一三通电磁阀10、第二三通电磁阀11的第一出气端，从而形成闭环气路，通过获取流量计9读数来控制气泵7调小流率，使得空气通过进气管5进入待测水样中鼓泡，同时将待测水样中的氡携带出来，通过出气管6进入气泵7进到第一三通电磁阀10，然后从第一三通电磁阀10的第一出气端进入测氡仪8后，再通过流量计9，从流量计9的出气端进到第二三通电磁阀11，然后从第二三通电磁阀11的第一出气端再次进入进气管5；在调小气泵7流率时，气泵7的流率保持适中，使得测氡仪8测量腔内的氡浓度与水样测量瓶1内的气态氡浓度同步变化；D. Close the second gas outlet ends of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 and the second three-way solenoid valve 11 respectively, and open the first gas outlet ends of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 and the second three-way solenoid valve 11, thereby forming a closed loop In the air circuit, the air pump 7 is controlled to adjust the flow rate by obtaining the reading of the flow meter 9, so that the air enters the water sample to be measured through the air inlet pipe 5 and bubbles, and at the same time, the radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out and enters through the air outlet pipe 6. The air pump 7 enters the first three-way solenoid valve 10, and then enters the radon detector 8 from the first gas outlet of the first three-way solenoid valve 10, and then passes through the flowmeter 9, and enters the second gas outlet from the flowmeter 9. The three-way solenoid valve 11 then enters the intake pipe 5 again from the first outlet end of the second three-way solenoid valve 11; when the flow rate of the air pump 7 is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump 7 remains moderate, so that the radon meter 8 measures the cavity The radon concentration in the water sample changes synchronously with the gaseous radon concentration in the water
E，以2-20分钟较短时间为测量周期，测氡仪8连续测量气态氡浓度；E, take the short time of 2-20 minutes as the measurement period, and the radon meter 8 continuously measures the gaseous radon concentration;
二、计算过程Second, the calculation process
根据环境温度、待测水样的体积、闭环气路的体积以及测氡仪8的读数计算水样中的镭浓度；Calculate the radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the volume of the closed-loop gas circuit and the reading of the radon measuring instrument 8;
水样测量瓶1中的水中的氡来源于水中镭的衰变；由于气泵7的流率较大，能够认为闭环气路中氡浓度相等。设水样的体积为V，水中镭活度为ARa，则水中镭浓度CRa为：The radon in the water in the water
CRa＝ARa/V (1)C Ra =A Ra /V (1)
水样测量瓶1中的水中氡浓度C’Rn的变化规律为：The variation rule of the radon concentration C' Rn in the water
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-λRn(C'Rn+CRnV1/V)-λlCRnV1/V (2)dC' Rn /dt=C Ra λ Rn -λ Rn (C' Rn +C Rn V 1 /V)-λ l C Rn V 1 /V (2)
式中λRn是氡的衰变常数；CRn是闭环气路中氡的浓度；V1是闭环气路的体积，闭环气路的体积包括软管的管道体积、进气管5的管道体积、出气管6的管道体积、测氡仪8内部测量腔的体积和水样测量瓶1液面上部空间的体积之和；λl是泄漏系数。In the formula, λ Rn is the decay constant of radon; C Rn is the concentration of radon in the closed-loop gas path; V 1 is the volume of the closed-loop gas path, and the volume of the closed-loop gas path includes the pipe volume of the hose, the pipe volume of the intake pipe 5, and the outlet pipe volume. The sum of the pipe volume of the trachea 6, the volume of the inner measuring cavity of the radon meter 8 and the volume of the space above the liquid surface of the water
根据测量时的温度查表得到水氡与气态氡平衡时的浓度比X，有：According to the temperature at the time of measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon and gaseous radon in equilibrium is obtained by looking up the table, as follows:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)C' Rn = XC Rn (3)
将式(3)代入式(2)得：Substitute equation (3) into equation (2) to get:
令有效衰变常数λe为：Let the effective decay constant λ e be:
式(4)简化为：Equation (4) is simplified to:
初始氡浓度为0，式(6)的解为：The initial radon concentration is 0, the solution of equation (6) is:
根据式(7)进行非线性拟合得到水中镭浓度。According to formula (7), the radium concentration in water is obtained by nonlinear fitting.
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