CN109212581B - Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop type single cycle mode - Google Patents
Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop type single cycle mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In the measuring device, an air inlet pipe sleeve and an air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve and is connected with an air inlet end of an air pump, an air outlet end of the air pump is connected with an air inlet end of a three-way electromagnetic valve, a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with an air inlet end of an electrostatic collection method radon detector, a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and an air outlet end of the electrostatic collection method radon detector is connected with a flowmeter. During measurement, a measuring device filled with a water sample to be measured is placed in a constant-temperature environment, the air pump controls air to enter the air inlet pipe to bubble at a certain flow rate, radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe and then enters the static collection method radon meter to measure the gas radon concentration, and the radium concentration in the water sample is calculated according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump, the reading and the period value of the static collection method radon meter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for measuring radium concentration in water in an open loop type single period mode.
Background
Radium (Ra-226) is a very toxic osteogenic alpha radionuclide, and its massive deposition in vivo can induce bone cancer or leukemia, thus endangering human health. Radium (Ra-226) has generally higher activity in underground water, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general surface water (river water, lake water, seawater and the like); drinking water sources in many regions of the world are underground water, and underground water in some regions naturally contains high-concentration radium elements or a large amount of radium elements are activated and released into the underground water along with exploitation of different mineral products such as uranium mines and the like, so that great potential safety hazards exist when people use the underground water as the drinking water source, and the concentration of the radium elements contained in the local underground water needs to be monitored for a long time when the drinking water source is selected. The measuring device and the measuring method for the radium element concentration in water in the prior art are complex and long in measuring time, and a device and a method capable of rapidly measuring the radium element concentration in water are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the method for measuring the radium concentration in the water in an open-loop type single period, and the method can be used for quickly obtaining the accurate radium concentration in the water.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop type single-cycle manner is based on a device for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop type single-cycle manner, and the device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, a radon measuring instrument adopting an electrostatic collection method, a flowmeter and a three-way electromagnetic valve.
The air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument through a hose, the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and the air outlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is connected with the flowmeter through a hose;
the method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and comprises the following specific steps:
first, measuring process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment in a single period, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cap, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, starting the air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump, enabling air to enter the water sample to be tested for bubbling through the air inlet pipe, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, entering the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, controlling the air pump to reduce the flow rate by acquiring the reading of the flowmeter, so that air enters the water sample to be tested through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, enters the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, enters the electrostatic collection method radon detector from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flowmeter; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change.
Second, calculating the process
And calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the electrostatic collection radon detector.
The radon in the water-sampling measuring bottle comes from the decay of the radium in the water. The volume of the water sample is V, and the radium activity in the water is ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump.
According to the temperature during measurement, a table is looked up to obtain the concentration ratio X of the radon in the water sample to the gaseous radon during balance, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle can be considered to be changed synchronously. According to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, the change rule of the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument by using an electrostatic collection method, lambdaPoIs the Po-218 decay constant. The initial value of radon concentration in a measurement cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is 0, and the initial value of Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity is also 0.
Substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
the formula (8) is the change rule of Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity of the radon detector by the electrostatic collection method.
Measuring a longer period T, which is 20-200 minutes, equation (8) can be changed to:
integration over the interval (0, T) for equation (7) yields:
according to the principle of an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, reading C in a certain measuring periodnThe average Po-218 concentration for this cycle is:
equation (10) can be varied as:
equation (9) minus equation (12) yields:
when the value of T is large, the value of T,
and
is very small, equation (13) can be simplified to:
and (5) calculating the radium concentration in the water by using the measurement value of a longer measurement period according to the formula (13) or (14).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the device for measuring the radium concentration in the water in the open-loop type single period is simple in structure, convenient to operate and short in measuring time.
2. The method for measuring the radium concentration in the water in the open-loop single-cycle mode is simple in calculation process and accurate in calculation result, can be used for establishing a healthy drinking water standard for a country through long-term continuous monitoring and analysis of the radium concentration in a groundwater sample in a certain area, provides a basis for water pollution treatment, national disease prevention and treatment, farming and animal husbandry water and the like, and ensures the groundwater environment and the safety of drinking water of residents.
The detailed structure of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for measuring radium concentration in water in an open-loop single-cycle manner.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the open-loop type single-cycle measuring device for measuring radium concentration in water comprises a water sample measuring bottle 1, a bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe sleeve 4, an air inlet pipe 5, an air outlet pipe 6, an air pump 7, an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8, a flowmeter 9 and a three-way electromagnetic valve 10;
an air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and an air outlet pipe sleeve 4 are respectively arranged on the bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe 6 is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve 4, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with an air inlet end of an air pump 7 through a hose, an air outlet end of the air pump 7 is connected with an air inlet end of a three-way electromagnetic valve 10 through a hose, a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is connected with an air inlet end of an electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 through a hose, a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and an air outlet end of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 is connected with a flowmeter 9 through a hose.
The method for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop type single cycle mode by adopting the measuring device comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment in a single period, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle 1, tightly covering the bottle cap 2, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 5 is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle 1, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe 6 is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, starting the air pump 7, controlling the flow rate of the air pump 7, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe 5 for bubbling, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump 7 through the air outlet pipe 6 for entering the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very high flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, controlling the air pump 7 to regulate the flow rate to be small by obtaining the reading of the flowmeter 9, so that air enters the water sample to be tested through the air inlet pipe 5 to be bubbled, and simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, enters the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 through the air outlet pipe 6 and enters the air pump 7, and then enters the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flowmeter 9; when the flow rate of the air pump 7 is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump 7 is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8 and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle 1 synchronously change.
Second, calculating the process
The radon in the water sampling bottle 1 comes from the decay of radium in the water. Setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle 1 for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump 7.
According to the temperature during measurement, a table is looked up to obtain the concentration ratio X of the radon in the water sample to the gaseous radon during balance, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) for formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump 7 is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle 1 can be considered to be changed synchronously. According to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8, the change rule of the concentration of Po-218 in the measurement cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) is the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument 8 by the electrostatic collection method, lambdaPoIs the Po-218 decay constant. The initial value of the radon concentration in the measurement cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8 is 0, and the initial value of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity is also 0.
Substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
the formula (8) is the change rule of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity of the radon detector 8 by the electrostatic collection method.
Measuring a longer period T, which is 20-200 minutes, equation (8) can be changed to:
integration of equation (7) over the (0, T) interval yields:
according to the principle of an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8, reading C in a certain measuring periodnThe average Po-218 concentration for this cycle is:
equation (10) can be varied as:
equation (12) is subtracted from equation (9) to yield:
when the value of T is large, the value of T,
and
is very small, equation (13) can be simplified to:
and (5) calculating the radium concentration in the water by using the measurement value of a longer measurement period according to the formula (13) or (14).
Claims (1)
1. The method for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop type single-cycle manner is based on a device for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop type single-cycle manner, and the device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, a radon measuring instrument adopting an electrostatic collection method, a flowmeter and a three-way electromagnetic valve;
the air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument through a hose, the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and the air outlet end of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument is connected with the flowmeter through a hose;
the method is characterized by comprising a measuring process and a calculating process, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
first, measuring process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment in a single period, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring the water sample to be measured into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cover, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be measured and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be measured;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, starting the air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump, enabling air to enter the water sample to be tested for bubbling through the air inlet pipe, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, entering the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, controlling the air pump to reduce the flow rate by acquiring the reading of the flowmeter, so that air enters the water sample to be tested through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, enters the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, enters the electrostatic collection method radon detector from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flowmeter; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change;
second, calculating the process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environmental temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the electrostatic collection radon detector;
radon in water in the water sample measuring bottle comes from decay of radium in the water; setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule of (2) is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula of lambdaRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump;
according to the temperature during measurement, a table is looked up to obtain the concentration ratio X of the radon in the water sample to the gaseous radon during balance, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle can be considered to be changed synchronously; according to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon detector, the change rule of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument by using an electrostatic collection method, lambdaPoIs the Po-218 decay constant; the initial value of radon concentration in a measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is 0, and the initial value of Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity is also 0;
substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
the formula (8) is the change rule of Po-218 concentration in a measurement cavity of the radon detector by using the electrostatic collection method;
measuring a longer period T, which is 20-200 minutes, equation (8) can be changed to:
integration of equation (7) over the (0, T) interval yields:
according to the principle of an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, reading C in a certain measuring periodnThe average Po-218 concentration for this cycle is:
equation (10) can be varied as:
equation (12) is subtracted from equation (9) to yield:
when the value of T is large, the value of T,
and
is very small, equation (13) can be simplified to:
and (5) calculating the radium concentration in the water by using the measurement value of a longer measurement period according to the formula (13) or (14).
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| CN109212580B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop type electrostatic collection two-stage method |
| CN109324340B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214 |
| CN109188493B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-06-07 | 衡阳师范学院 | Open-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water |
| CN109188494B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for partially integrating and measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop electrostatic collection method |
| CN109188496B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring effective decay constant and radium concentration in water by open-loop electrostatic collection method |
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| CN101782655B (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2014-11-12 | 南华大学 | Method and device for measuring radon exhalation rate in open loop way |
| CN102109452B (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-04 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radon separation rate in adaptive open loop way |
| KR101280235B1 (en) * | 2011-11-06 | 2013-07-05 | 박영웅 | Simplified Method for Measurement of Radium in the Underground Water |
| CN102426379B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radon emanation rate by adopting two-stage method |
| CN102830418B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-12-10 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for open-loop measurement of radon exhalation rate by utilizing total count of 218Po and 214Po |
| KR101682161B1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-12-02 | 주식회사 오리온이엔씨 | System for automatically on-line monitering radon in water |
| CN103777222B (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-02-24 | 衡阳师范学院 | Utilize the method for Effective Decay Constant open loop type continuous coverage precipitation rate of radon |
| CN204945129U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所 | A kind of water radon rapid measurement device |
| CN105158788B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-02-27 | 衡阳师范学院 | The method of open loop type synchro measure Effective Decay Constant and precipitation rate of radon |
| CN109212580B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop type electrostatic collection two-stage method |
| CN109324340B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214 |
| CN109188493B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-06-07 | 衡阳师范学院 | Open-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water |
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