CN109188497B - Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop mode by utilizing effective decay constant - Google Patents

Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop mode by utilizing effective decay constant Download PDF

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CN109188497B
CN109188497B CN201811388034.7A CN201811388034A CN109188497B CN 109188497 B CN109188497 B CN 109188497B CN 201811388034 A CN201811388034 A CN 201811388034A CN 109188497 B CN109188497 B CN 109188497B
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CN109188497A (en
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袁红志
谭延亮
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Hengyang Normal University
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Abstract

An open-loop device and a method for measuring radium concentration in water by using an effective decay constant are disclosed, wherein the measuring device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump and a radon measuring instrument. The air outlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, and the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the radon detector through a hose. During measurement, the measuring device is placed in a constant-temperature environment, the air pump controls air to enter the water sample measuring bottle to bubble at different flow rates, radon in a water sample to be measured is carried out, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe and then enters the radon measuring instrument to measure the concentration of gaseous radon in a stable state. And calculating the radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the radon measuring instrument.

Description

Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop mode by utilizing effective decay constant
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for measuring radium concentration in water in an open loop mode by utilizing an effective decay constant.
Background
Radium (Ra-226) is a very toxic osteogenic alpha radionuclide, and its massive deposition in vivo can induce bone cancer or leukemia, thus endangering human health. Radium (Ra-226) has generally higher activity in underground water, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general surface water (river water, lake water, seawater and the like); drinking water sources in many regions of the world are underground water, and underground water in some regions naturally contains high-concentration radium elements or a large amount of radium elements are activated and released into the underground water along with exploitation of different mineral products such as uranium mines and the like, so that great potential safety hazards exist when people use the underground water as the drinking water source, and the concentration of the radium elements contained in the local underground water needs to be monitored for a long time when the drinking water source is selected. In the prior art, the measuring device and the measuring method for the radium element concentration in water are complex and long in measuring time, and a device and a method for rapidly measuring the radium element concentration in water are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an open-loop method for measuring radium concentration in water, and the method can be used for quickly obtaining the more accurate radium concentration in water.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop mode by using an effective decay constant is based on a device for measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop mode by using the effective decay constant, and the device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump and a radon measuring instrument. The air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, and the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the radon detector through a hose;
the method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop type measuring device for measuring radium concentration in water by using an effective decay constant in a constant temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring the water sample to be measured into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cover, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be measured and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be measured;
C. starting the air pump, and controlling the flow rate of the air pump to be L1The air enters the water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carries out radon in the water sample to be detected, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe, then enters the radon detector until the radon concentration tends to be constant, and the stable value of the concentration of the gaseous radon measured by the radon detector is C1；
D. Adjusting the flow rate of the air pump to L2The air enters the water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carries out radon in the water sample to be detected, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe, then enters the radon detector until the radon concentration tends to be constant, and the radon detector measures the stable concentration value C of the gaseous radon2。
Second, calculating process
And calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the radon measuring instrument.
The specific calculation steps are as follows:
radon in a water sample to be detected comes from decay of radium in water, and because the flow rate of the pump is large, the concentration of gaseous radon in the open-loop gas circuit can be considered to be equal; setting the volume of the water sample to be detected as V and the radium activity in the water sample to be detected as ARaAnd then the radium concentration C in the water sample to be measuredRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
radon concentration C 'in water sample to be detected'RnLaw of change ofComprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003580854460000021
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe concentration of the gaseous radon in the water sample measuring bottle is measured, L is the flow rate of the pump, and lambda islIs the leakage coefficient, V1Is the volume of the gas path from the water sample measuring bottle to the measuring cavity of the emanometer. Because the air pump flow rate is great, can regard as the gaseous radon concentration that the water sample measuring flask arrived the emanometer measuring chamber the same.
According to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance can be obtained by looking up a table, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000031
order to
Figure GDA0003580854460000032
In the formula ofeIs the effective decay constant.
Equation (4) can be simplified as:
Figure GDA0003580854460000033
when the radon concentration tends to be constant, there are:
Figure GDA0003580854460000034
when the pump flow rate is L1Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C1From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000035
when the pump flow rate is L2Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C2From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000036
and solving and calculating radium concentration and an effective decay constant in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the open-loop device for measuring radium concentration in water by using the effective decay constant is simple in structure, convenient to operate and short in measuring time.
2. The method for measuring the radium concentration in the water has the advantages of simple calculation process and accurate calculation result, can establish a healthy drinking water standard for the country by monitoring and analyzing the radium concentration in the groundwater water sample in a certain area for a long time, provides a basis for water pollution treatment, national disease prevention and treatment, water for agriculture and animal husbandry and the like, and ensures the groundwater environment and the safety of drinking water of residents.
The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open-loop apparatus for measuring radium concentration in water by using an effective decay constant according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1: open-loop device for measuring radium concentration in water by using effective decay constant comprises a water sample measuring bottle 1, a bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe sleeve 4, an air inlet pipe 5, an air outlet pipe 6, an air pump 7 and a radon measuring instrument 8. The air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and the air outlet pipe sleeve 4 are respectively arranged on the bottle cap 2, the air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve 3, the air outlet pipe 6 is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve 4, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump 7 through a hose, and the air outlet end of the air pump 7 is connected with the air inlet end of the radon measuring instrument 8 through a hose.
The method for measuring the radium concentration in water by adopting the measuring device in an open-loop mode and utilizing the effective decay constant comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop radium concentration measuring device in the water for measuring the radium concentration in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environmental temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle 1, tightly covering the bottle cap 2, enabling the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 5 to be positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle 1, and enabling the air inlet of the air outlet pipe 6 to be positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. the air pump 7 is started and the flow rate of the air pump 7 is controlled to be L1Make the air pass through intake pipe 5 and get into the tympanic bulla in the water sample that awaits measuring, carry out the radon in the water sample that awaits measuring simultaneously, get into air pump 7 through outlet duct 6, then get into emanometer 8, until radon concentration tends to invariable, emanometer 8 measures the stable value C of concentration of gaseous form radon1；
D. Adjusting the flow rate of the air pump 7 to L2Make the air pass through intake pipe 5 and get into the tympanic bulla in the water sample that awaits measuring, carry out the radon in the water sample that awaits measuring simultaneously, get into the air pump through outlet duct 6, then get into emanometer 8, until radon concentration tends to invariable, emanometer 8 measures the stable value C of concentration of gaseous form radon2。
Second, calculating process
And calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the radon measuring instrument.
The specific calculation steps are as follows:
radon in a water sample to be detected comes from decay of radium in water, and the concentration of gaseous radon in an open-loop gas circuit can be considered to be equal due to the large flow rate of the pump; setting the volume of the water sample to be detected as V and the radium activity in the water sample to be detected as ARaAnd then the radium concentration C in the water sample to be measuredRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
radon concentration C 'in water sample to be detected'RnThe change rule is as follows:
Figure GDA0003580854460000051
in the formula of lambdaRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnIs the concentration of the gaseous radon in the water sample measuring bottle 1, L is the flow rate of the air pump 7, lambdalIs the leakage coefficient, V1Is the volume of the gas path from the water sample measuring bottle 1 to the measuring cavity of the emanometer 8. Because the air pump 7 has a large flow rate, the gaseous radon concentration from the water sample measuring bottle 1 to the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument 8 can be considered to be the same.
According to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance can be obtained by looking up a table, and the concentration ratio X comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000061
order to
Figure GDA0003580854460000062
In the formula ofeIs the effective decay constant.
Equation (4) can be simplified as:
Figure GDA0003580854460000063
when the radon concentration tends to be constant, there are:
Figure GDA0003580854460000064
when the pump flow rate is L1Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C1From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000065
when the pump flow rate is L2Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C2From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure GDA0003580854460000066
and solving and calculating radium concentration and an effective decay constant in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).

Claims (1)

1. The device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump and a radon measuring instrument, wherein the air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap;
the method is characterized in that: the method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop measuring device for measuring the radium concentration in the water by using the effective decay constant in a constant temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cap, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. starting the air pump, and controlling the flow rate of the air pump to be L1The air enters the water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carries out radon in the water sample to be detected, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe, then enters the radon detector until the radon concentration tends to be constant, and the radon detector measures the stable concentration value C of the gaseous radon1；
D. Adjusting the flow rate of the air pump to flow L2The air enters the water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carries out radon in the water sample to be detected, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe, then enters the radon detector until the radon concentration tends to be constant, and the radon detector measures the stable concentration value C of the gaseous radon2；
Second, calculating process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environment temperature, the volume of the water sample to be detected, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the radon measuring instrument;
the specific calculation steps are as follows:
radon in a water sample to be detected comes from decay of radium in water, and the concentration of gaseous radon in an open-loop gas circuit can be considered to be equal due to the large flow rate of the pump; setting the volume of the water sample to be detected as V and the radium activity in the water sample to be detected as ARaAnd then the radium concentration C in the water sample to be measuredRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
radon concentration C 'in water sample to be detected'RnThe change rule of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003580854450000021
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe concentration of the gaseous radon in the water sample measuring bottle is measured, L is the flow rate of the air pump, and lambda islIs the leakage coefficient, V1The volume of the gas path from the water sample measuring bottle to the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument is large, and the gas radon concentration from the water sample measuring bottle to the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument can be considered to be the same due to the large flow rate of the air pump;
according to the temperature during measurement, a table can be looked up to obtain the concentration ratio X of water radon to gaseous radon during balance, which comprises the following components:
C'Rn＝XCRn (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
Figure FDA0003580854450000022
order to
Figure FDA0003580854450000023
In the formula ofeIs the effective decay constant;
equation (4) can be simplified as:
Figure FDA0003580854450000024
when the radon concentration tends to be constant, there are:
Figure FDA0003580854450000025
when the pump flow rate is L1Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C1From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure FDA0003580854450000031
when the pump flow rate is L2Then, the stable value of radon concentration is C2From equation (6) we can obtain:
Figure FDA0003580854450000032
and solving and calculating radium concentration and an effective decay constant in the water according to the formulas (8) and (9).
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