CN109188493B - Open-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water - Google Patents
Open-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN109188493B CN109188493B CN201811376048.7A CN201811376048A CN109188493B CN 109188493 B CN109188493 B CN 109188493B CN 201811376048 A CN201811376048 A CN 201811376048A CN 109188493 B CN109188493 B CN 109188493B
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Abstract
In the measuring device, an air inlet pipe sleeve and an air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on a bottle cover, an air inlet pipe is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with an air inlet end of an air pump, an air outlet end of the air pump is connected with an air inlet end of a three-way electromagnetic valve, a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with an air inlet end of an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and an air outlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is connected with a flowmeter. During measurement, a measuring device filled with a water sample to be measured is placed in a constant-temperature environment, the air pump controls air to enter the air inlet pipe to bubble at a certain flow rate, radon in the water sample to be measured is carried out, enters the air pump through the air outlet pipe and then enters the electrostatic collection method radon meter to measure the gas radon concentration, and the radium concentration in the water sample is calculated according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the electrostatic collection method radon meter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in an open loop mode.
Background
Radium (Ra-226) is a very toxic osteogenic alpha radionuclide, and its massive deposition in vivo can induce bone cancer or leukemia, thus endangering human health. Radium (Ra-226) has generally higher activity in underground water, and is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of general surface water (river water, lake water, seawater and the like); drinking water sources in many regions of the world are underground water, and underground water in some regions naturally contains high-concentration radium elements or a large amount of radium elements are activated and released into the underground water along with exploitation of different mineral products such as uranium mines and the like, so that great potential safety hazards exist when people use the underground water as the drinking water source, and the concentration of the radium elements contained in the local underground water needs to be monitored for a long time when the drinking water source is selected. In the prior art, the measuring device and the measuring method for the radium element concentration in water are complex and long in measuring time, and a device and a method for rapidly measuring the radium element concentration in water are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an open-loop method for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water, and the method can be used for rapidly obtaining the accurate radium concentration in water.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop manner is based on a device for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop manner, and the device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, a radon measuring instrument adopting an electrostatic collection method, a flowmeter and a three-way electromagnetic valve.
The air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument through a hose, the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and the air outlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is connected with the flowmeter through a hose;
the method comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cap, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, starting the air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump, enabling air to enter a water sample to be tested for bubbling through the air inlet pipe, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, entering the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, controlling the air pump to reduce the flow rate by acquiring the reading of the flow meter, so that air enters the water sample to be tested through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, enters the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, enters the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flow meter; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change.
Second, calculating process
And calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument.
The radon in the water-sampling measuring bottle comes from the decay of the radium in the water. Setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump.
According to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of radon in a water sample to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the method comprises the following steps:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle can be considered to be changed synchronously. According to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, the change rule of the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) is the Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument by the electrostatic collection method, lambdaPoIs the Po-218 decay constant. The initial value of radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is 0, and the initial value of Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity is also 0.
Substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
the formula (8) is the change rule of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity of the radon measuring instrument by the electrostatic collection method.
Measuring N shorter periods, wherein each period is 1-20 minutes, obtaining a radon concentration sequence, regarding the measurement data of N periods as approximately Po-218 concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and then performing nonlinear data fitting according to an equation (8) to obtain the radium concentration in water, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the open-loop type device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water is simple in structure, convenient to operate and short in measuring time.
2. The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in the water in the open-loop manner is simple in calculation process of radium concentration in the water, accurate in calculation result, capable of establishing a healthy drinking water standard for a country through long-term continuous monitoring and analysis of radium concentration in a groundwater sample in a certain area, providing basis for water pollution treatment, national disease prevention and treatment, water for farming and animal husbandry and the like, and capable of ensuring groundwater environment and drinking water safety of residents.
The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in an open-loop manner.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the open-loop type device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water comprises a water sample measuring bottle 1, a bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe sleeve 4, an air inlet pipe 5, an air outlet pipe 6, an air pump 7, an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8, a flowmeter 9 and a three-way electromagnetic valve 10;
an air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and an air outlet pipe sleeve 4 are respectively arranged on the bottle cap 2, an air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on the air inlet pipe sleeve 3, an air outlet pipe 6 is inserted on the air outlet pipe sleeve 4, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with an air inlet end of an air pump 7 through a hose, an air outlet end of the air pump 7 is connected with an air inlet end of a three-way electromagnetic valve 10 through a hose, a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is connected with an air inlet end of an electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 through a hose, a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and an air outlet end of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 is connected with a flowmeter 9 through a hose.
The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in an open loop mode by adopting the measuring device comprises a measuring process and a calculating process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring a water sample to be detected into the water sample measuring bottle 1, tightly covering the bottle cap 2, enabling the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 5 to be positioned in the water sample to be detected and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle 1, and enabling the air inlet of the air outlet pipe 6 to be positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be detected;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, starting the air pump 7, controlling the flow rate of the air pump 7, enabling air to enter a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe 5 for bubbling, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, entering the air pump 7 through the air outlet pipe 6 for entering the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very high flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, controlling the air pump 7 to reduce the flow rate by acquiring the reading of the flowmeter 9, so that air enters a water sample to be detected through the air inlet pipe 5 to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be detected, enters the air pump 7 through the air outlet pipe 6 to enter the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, then enters the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8 from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10, and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flowmeter 9; when the flow rate of the air pump 7 is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump 7 is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8 and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle 1 synchronously change.
Second, calculating process
The radon in the water sampling bottle 1 comes from the decay of radium in the water. Setting the volume of the water sample as V and the radium activity in the water as ARaAnd then the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle 1 for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump 7.
According to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of radon in a water sample to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the method comprises the following steps:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump 7 is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument 8 and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle can be considered to be changed synchronously. According to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8, the change rule of the concentration of Po-218 in the measurement cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) is the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity of the radon measuring instrument 8 by the electrostatic collection method, lambdaPoIs the Po-218 decay constant. The initial value of the radon concentration in the measurement cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument 8 is 0, and the initial value of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity is also 0.
Substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
the formula (8) is the change rule of the Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity of the radon measuring instrument 8 by the electrostatic collection method.
Measuring N shorter periods, wherein each period is 1-20 minutes, obtaining a radon concentration sequence, regarding the measurement data of N periods as approximately Po-218 concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and then performing nonlinear data fitting according to an equation (8) to obtain the radium concentration in water, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
Claims (1)
1. The method for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop manner is based on a device for rapidly measuring the radium concentration in water in an open-loop manner, and the device comprises a water sample measuring bottle, a bottle cap, an air inlet pipe sleeve, an air outlet pipe sleeve, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, an air pump, an electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, a flowmeter and a three-way electromagnetic valve;
the air inlet pipe sleeve and the air outlet pipe sleeve are respectively arranged on the bottle cap, the air inlet pipe is inserted into the air inlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is inserted into the air outlet pipe sleeve, the air outlet pipe is connected with the air inlet end of the air pump through a hose, the air outlet end of the air pump is connected with the air inlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve through a hose, the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the air inlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument through a hose, the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the atmospheric environment, and the air outlet end of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is connected with the flowmeter through a hose;
the method is characterized by comprising a measuring process and a calculating process, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
first, measurement process
A. Placing the open-loop type device for rapidly measuring radium concentration in water in a constant-temperature environment, and measuring the environment temperature;
B. pouring the water sample to be measured into the water sample measuring bottle, tightly covering the bottle cover, wherein the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is positioned in the water sample to be measured and close to the bottle bottom of the water sample measuring bottle, and the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is positioned on the liquid level of the water sample to be measured;
C. opening a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, closing a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, starting the air pump, controlling the flow rate of the air pump, enabling air to enter a water sample to be tested for bubbling through the air inlet pipe, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, entering the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, and then entering an atmospheric environment from the second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the radon concentration in the air path can be considered to be 0 after the air pump is started for 5-30 minutes due to the very large flow rate of the air pump;
D. closing a second air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, opening a first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, controlling the air pump to reduce the flow rate by acquiring the reading of the flow meter, so that air enters the water sample to be tested through the air inlet pipe to be bubbled, simultaneously carrying out radon in the water sample to be tested, enters the three-way electromagnetic valve through the air outlet pipe, enters the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument from the first air outlet end of the three-way electromagnetic valve, and then enters the atmospheric environment through the flow meter; when the flow rate of the air pump is reduced, the flow rate of the air pump is kept moderate, so that the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle synchronously change;
second, calculating process
Calculating radium concentration in the water sample according to the environmental temperature, the volume of the water sample to be measured, the flow rate of the air pump and the reading of the electrostatic collection radon detector;
radon in water in the water sample measuring bottle comes from decay of radium in the water; the volume of the water sample is V, and the radium activity in the water is ARaThen the radium concentration in water is CRaComprises the following steps:
CRa＝ARa/V (1)
water sample measurement bottle for measuring radon concentration C 'in water'RnThe change rule is as follows:
dC'Rn/dt＝CRaλRn-LCRn/V (2)
in the formula ofRnIs the decay constant, C, of radonRnThe radon concentration in the open-loop gas path water sample measuring bottle is measured, and L is the flow rate of the air pump;
according to the temperature during measurement, the concentration ratio X of radon in a water sample to gaseous radon during balance is obtained by looking up a table, and the method comprises the following steps:
C'Rn(t)＝XCRn(t) (3)
substituting formula (3) into formula (2) to obtain:
the solution of equation (4) is:
because the flow rate of the air pump is moderate, the radon concentration in the measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection method radon measuring instrument and the gaseous radon concentration in the water sample measuring bottle can be considered to be changed synchronously; according to the principle of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument, the change rule of the concentration of Po-218 in the measuring cavity is as follows:
in the formula CPo(t) measuring the concentration of Po-218 in the cavity by a radon measuring instrument adopting an electrostatic collection method; lambda [ alpha ]PoIs the Po-218 decay constant; the initial value of radon concentration in a measuring cavity of the electrostatic collection radon measuring instrument is 0, and the initial value of Po-218 concentration in the measuring cavity is also 0;
substituting formula (5) for formula (6) to obtain:
the solution of equation (7) is:
formula (8) is the change rule of Po-218 concentration in the measurement cavity of the radon measuring instrument by the electrostatic collection method;
measuring N shorter periods, wherein each period is 1-20 minutes, obtaining a radon concentration sequence, regarding the measurement data of N periods as approximately Po-218 concentration at the midpoint of each measurement period, and then performing nonlinear data fitting according to an equation (8) to obtain the radium concentration in water, wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
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| CN109212581B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop type single cycle mode |
| CN109212580B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop type electrostatic collection two-stage method |
| CN109324340B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214 |
| CN109188496B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring effective decay constant and radium concentration in water by open-loop electrostatic collection method |
| CN109188494B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-06-21 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for partially integrating and measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop electrostatic collection method |
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| CN101782655B (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2014-11-12 | 南华大学 | Method and device for measuring radon exhalation rate in open loop way |
| CN102109452B (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-07-04 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radon separation rate in adaptive open loop way |
| KR101280235B1 (en) * | 2011-11-06 | 2013-07-05 | 박영웅 | Simplified Method for Measurement of Radium in the Underground Water |
| CN102426379B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radon emanation rate by adopting two-stage method |
| CN102830418B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-12-10 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for open-loop measurement of radon exhalation rate by utilizing total count of 218Po and 214Po |
| KR101682161B1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-12-02 | 주식회사 오리온이엔씨 | System for automatically on-line monitering radon in water |
| CN103777222B (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-02-24 | 衡阳师范学院 | Utilize the method for Effective Decay Constant open loop type continuous coverage precipitation rate of radon |
| CN204945129U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所 | A kind of water radon rapid measurement device |
| CN105158788B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-02-27 | 衡阳师范学院 | The method of open loop type synchro measure Effective Decay Constant and precipitation rate of radon |
| CN109212581B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open-loop type single cycle mode |
| CN109212580B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-19 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water by open-loop type electrostatic collection two-stage method |
| CN109324340B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-07-22 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method for measuring radium concentration in water in open loop mode through total counting of Po-218 and Po-214 |
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