The device and method of radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear radiation detection technology, the device of radium concentration in especially a kind of open loop type rapid survey water
And method.
Background technique
Radium (Ra-226) is a kind of extremely toxic close bone alpha activity nucleic, its a large amount of deposits in vivo can induce osteocarcinoma
Or leukaemia, to be detrimental to health.Radium (Ra-226) is generally higher in underground water activity, than general surface water (river water,
Lake water, seawater etc.) the high 1-2 order of magnitude of activity;The drinking water source in many areas is underground water, some areas underground in the world
Naturally the radium element containing high concentration or the exploitation with different mineral products such as uranium mine etc. have a large amount of radium element activated in water
Discharge into underground water so that there are biggish security risks when doing drinking water source using underground water by people, thus into
The concentration to the radium element contained in local underground water is needed to carry out long-term monitoring when row drinking water source is chosen.The prior art
The measuring device and measuring method of radium concentration of element are complicated in water and time of measuring is long, need in a kind of achievable rapid survey water
The device and method of radium concentration.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the above-mentioned insufficient of the prior art and to provide radium in a kind of open loop type rapid survey water dense
The device and method of degree can be obtained quickly accurately using the device of radium concentration in the open loop type rapid survey water by this method
Radium concentration in water.
The technical scheme is that in open loop type rapid survey water radium concentration device, including water sample measure bottle, bottle
Lid, air inlet pipe sleeve, outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, escape pipe, air pump, static collection emanometer, flowmeter and three-way magnetic valve.
Air inlet pipe sleeve and outlet pipe sleeve are separately mounted on bottle cap, and air inlet pipe is inserted in air inlet pipe and puts on, and escape pipe is inserted in out
On air pipe sleeve, escape pipe is connected by the inlet end of hose and air pump, and the outlet side of air pump passes through hose and three-way magnetic valve
First outlet side of inlet end connection, three-way magnetic valve is connect by hose with the inlet end of static collection emanometer, threeway
Second outlet side of solenoid valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer is connected by hose and flowmeter
It connects.
The method that radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, including measurement process and calculating
Process, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device of radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water is placed on to the environment of constant temperature, and measures environment temperature;
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle, and covers tightly bottle cap, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe is in water sample to be measured and close
Water sample measures the bottom of bottle of bottle, and the air inlet of escape pipe is located on water sample liquid level to be measured;
C, the second outlet side for opening three-way magnetic valve, closes the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, and booster air pump controls air pump
Flow rate be bubbled, while the radon in water sample to be measured being carried out so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe, passed through
Escape pipe enters air pump and enters three-way magnetic valve, then enters atmospheric environment from the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, due to gas
The flow rate of pump is very big, after air pump starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit;
D, the second outlet side for closing three-way magnetic valve, opens the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, is read by obtaining flowmeter
Number turns flow rate down to control air pump, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe, while will be in water sample to be measured
Radon is carried out, and is entered air pump by escape pipe and is entered three-way magnetic valve, is then entered from the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve
After static collection emanometer, then atmospheric environment entered by flowmeter;When turning air pump flow rate down, the flow rate of air pump keeps suitable
In, so that static collection emanometer measures the variation synchronous with the gaseous state radon consistence in water sample measurement bottle of intracavitary radon consistence.
Two, calculating process
Water sample is calculated according to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the flow rate of air pump and static collection emanometer
In radium concentration.
Water sample measures the radon in the water in bottle from the decay of radium in water.If the volume of water sample is V, radium activity is in water
ARa, then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
(1)
Water sample measures radon consistence C ' in the water in bottleRnChanging rule are as follows:
(2)
In formulaIt is the decay coefficient of radon,It is the concentration of radon in open loop gas circuit water sample measurement bottle, L is the flow rate of air pump.
Temperature when according to measurement tables look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when radon and gaseous state radon balance in water sample, has:
(3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
(4)
The solution of formula (4) are as follows:
(5)
Since the flow rate of air pump is moderate, it can be seen that static collection emanometer measures in intracavitary radon consistence and water sample measurement bottle
The synchronous variation of gaseous state radon consistence.According to the principle of static collection emanometer it is found that its change for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration
Law are as follows:
(6)
C in formulaPo(t) intracavitary Po-218 concentration, λ are measured for static collection emanometerPoFor Po-218 decay coefficient.Electrostatic is received
The initial value that collection method emanometer measures intracavitary radon consistence is 0, and the initial value for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration is also 0.
Formula (5) are substituted into formula (6) to obtain:
(7)
The solution of formula (7) are as follows:
(8)
Formula (8) is the changing rule of the intracavitary Po-218 concentration of measurement of static collection emanometer.
Measure N number of compared with short cycle, each of which period is 1-20 minutes, radon consistence sequence is obtained, by the measurement in N period
Data, it is believed that be approximately the Po-218 concentration at each measurement period midpoint, it is quasi- then to carry out nonlinear data according to formula (8)
Conjunction obtains radium concentration in water, and wherein N is more than or equal to 2.
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1, the apparatus structure of radium concentration is simple in open loop type rapid survey water of the invention, and easy to operate, time of measuring is short.
2, simple by radium concentration calculation process in the method calculating water of radium concentration in the open loop type rapid survey water, it calculates
As a result accurate, it can be formulated by carrying out monitoring, the analysis of long duration to radium concentration in the underground water water sample of somewhere to be national
The drinking water standard of health, and foundation is provided for water pollution control, national disease prevention and treatment, farming and animal husbandry water etc., it is ensured that
Groundwater environment and Drinking Water for Residents safety.
Detailed construction of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the device of radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, in open loop type rapid survey water radium concentration device, including water sample measure bottle 1, bottle cap 2, air inlet pipe
Set 3, outlet pipe sleeve 4, air inlet pipe 5, escape pipe 6, air pump 7, static collection emanometer 8, flowmeter 9 and three-way magnetic valve 10;
Air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and outlet pipe sleeve 4 are separately mounted on bottle cap 2, and air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on air inlet pipe sleeve 3, and escape pipe 6 is inserted in
On outlet pipe sleeve 4, escape pipe 6 is connect by hose with the inlet end of air pump 7, and the outlet side of air pump 7 is powered by hose and three
The inlet end of magnet valve 10 connects, and the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 passes through the air inlet of hose and static collection emanometer 8
End connection, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 are communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer 8 passes through soft
Pipe is connect with flowmeter 9.
The method that radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, including measurement process and calculating
Process, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device of radium concentration in open loop type rapid survey water is placed on to the environment of constant temperature, and measures environment temperature;
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle 1, and covers tightly bottle cap 2, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe 5 in water sample to be measured and is leaned on
The bottom of bottle of nearly water sample measurement bottle 1, the air inlet of escape pipe 6 are located on water sample liquid level to be measured;
C, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is opened, the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10, booster air pump 7, control are closed
The flow rate of air pump 7 processed is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe 5, while the radon in water sample to be measured being carried
Out, air pump 7 is entered by escape pipe 6 and enters three-way magnetic valve 10, then entered from the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10
Atmospheric environment, since the flow rate of air pump is very big, after air pump starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit;
D, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is closed, the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is opened, by obtaining flow
9 reading of meter to control air pump 7 turns flow rate down, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe 5, while by water to be measured
Radon in sample is carried out, and is entered air pump 7 by escape pipe 6 and is entered three-way magnetic valve 10, then from the of three-way magnetic valve 10
After one outlet side enters static collection emanometer 8, then passes through flowmeter 9 and enter atmospheric environment;When turning 7 flow rate of air pump down,
The flow rate of air pump 7 keeps moderate, so that static collection emanometer 8 measures the gas in intracavitary radon consistence and water sample measurement bottle 1
The synchronous variation of state radon consistence.
Two, calculating process
Water sample measures the radon in the water in bottle 1 from the decay of radium in water.If the volume of water sample is V, radium activity is in water
ARa, then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
(1)
Water sample measures radon consistence C ' in the water in bottle 1RnChanging rule are as follows:
(2)
In formulaIt is the decay coefficient of radon,It is the concentration of radon in open loop gas circuit water sample measurement bottle, L is the flow rate of air pump 7.
Temperature when according to measurement tables look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when radon and gaseous state radon balance in water sample, has:
(3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
(4)
The solution of formula (4) are as follows:
(5)
Since the flow rate of air pump 7 is moderate, it can be seen that static collection emanometer 8, which measures intracavitary radon consistence and water sample, measures bottle
The synchronous variation of interior gaseous state radon consistence.According to the principle of static collection emanometer 8 it is found that it measures intracavitary Po-218 concentration
Changing rule are as follows:
(6)
C in formulaPo(t) intracavitary Po-218 concentration, λ are measured for static collection emanometer 8PoFor Po-218 decay coefficient.It is quiet
The initial value that electric collecting method emanometer 8 measures intracavitary radon consistence is 0, and the initial value for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration is also 0.
Formula (5) are substituted into formula (6) to obtain:
(7)
The solution of formula (7) are as follows:
(8)
Formula (8) is the changing rule of the intracavitary Po-218 concentration of measurement of static collection emanometer 8.
Measure N number of compared with short cycle, each of which period is 1-20 minutes, radon consistence sequence is obtained, by the measurement in N period
Data, it is believed that be approximately the Po-218 concentration at each measurement period midpoint, it is quasi- then to carry out nonlinear data according to formula (8)
Conjunction obtains radium concentration in water, and wherein N is more than or equal to 2.