CN109188494A - Open loop type static collection partial integration measures the device and method of radium concentration in water - Google Patents
Open loop type static collection partial integration measures the device and method of radium concentration in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN109188494A CN109188494A CN201811387864.8A CN201811387864A CN109188494A CN 109188494 A CN109188494 A CN 109188494A CN 201811387864 A CN201811387864 A CN 201811387864A CN 109188494 A CN109188494 A CN 109188494A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
Abstract
Open loop type static collection partial integration measures the device and method of radium concentration in water, in measuring device, air inlet pipe sleeve and outlet pipe sleeve are separately mounted on bottle cap, air inlet pipe is inserted in air inlet pipe and puts on, escape pipe is inserted in escape pipe and puts on, the connection of the inlet end of escape pipe and air pump, the outlet side of air pump and the inlet end of three-way magnetic valve connect, first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve is connect with static collection emanometer inlet end, second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, and static collection emanometer outlet side is connect with flowmeter.When measurement, measuring device equipped with water sample to be measured is placed in isoperibol, air pump enters air inlet pipe with certain flow rate control air and is bubbled, radon in water sample to be measured is carried out, enter air pump by escape pipe, gaseous state radon consistence is measured subsequently into static collection emanometer, calculates the radium concentration in water sample further according to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the flow rate of air pump and static collection emanometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear radiation detection technology, especially a kind of open loop type static collection partial integration measures water
The device and method of middle radium concentration.
Background technique
Radium (Ra-226) is a kind of extremely toxic close bone alpha activity nucleic, its a large amount of deposits in vivo can induce osteocarcinoma
Or leukaemia, to be detrimental to health.Radium (Ra-226) is generally higher in underground water activity, than general surface water (river water,
Lake water, seawater etc.) the high 1-2 order of magnitude of activity；The drinking water source in many areas is underground water, static collection portion in the world
Naturally the radium element containing high concentration or the exploitation with different mineral products such as uranium mine etc. have largely in region-by-region underground water
Radium is element activated to discharge into underground water, so that there are biggish safety is hidden when doing drinking water source using underground water by people
Suffer from, thus needs the concentration to the radium element contained in local underground water to carry out long-term prison when carrying out drinking water source selection
It surveys.The measuring device and measuring method of radium concentration of element are complicated in prior art water and time of measuring is long, need a kind of can be achieved
The device and method of radium concentration in rapid survey water.
Summary of the invention
A kind of open loop type static collection partial product is provided the purpose of the present invention is overcoming the above-mentioned insufficient of the prior art
The device and method for dividing radium concentration in measurement water utilizes the dress of radium concentration in open loop type static collection partial integration measurement water
Radium concentration in accurate water can quickly be obtained by this method by setting.
The technical scheme is that open loop type static collection partial integration measures the device of radium concentration in water, including
Water sample measures bottle, bottle cap, air inlet pipe sleeve, outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, escape pipe, air pump, static collection emanometer, flowmeter
And three-way magnetic valve.
Air inlet pipe sleeve and outlet pipe sleeve are separately mounted on bottle cap, and air inlet pipe is inserted in air inlet pipe and puts on, and escape pipe is inserted in out
On air pipe sleeve, escape pipe is connected by the inlet end of hose and air pump, and the outlet side of air pump passes through hose and three-way magnetic valve
First outlet side of inlet end connection, three-way magnetic valve is connect by hose with the inlet end of static collection emanometer, threeway
Second outlet side of solenoid valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer is connected by hose and flowmeter
It connects.
The method that radium concentration in open loop type static collection partial integration measurement water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, including
Measurement process and calculating process, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device that open loop type static collection partial integration measures radium concentration in water is placed on the environment of constant temperature, and measures ring
Border temperature；
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle, and covers tightly bottle cap, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe is in water sample to be measured and close
Water sample measures the bottom of bottle of bottle, and the air inlet of escape pipe is located on water sample liquid level to be measured；
C, the second outlet side for opening three-way magnetic valve, closes the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, and booster air pump adjusts air pump
Flow rate while will be carried out to the radon in test sample water so that air is entered by air inlet pipe to be bubbled in test sample water, pass through
Escape pipe enters air pump and enters three-way magnetic valve, then enters atmospheric environment from the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, due to gas
The flow rate of pump is very big, after air pump starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit；
D, the second outlet side for closing three-way magnetic valve, opens the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, is read by obtaining flowmeter
Number turns flow rate down to control air pump, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe, while will be in water sample to be measured
Radon is carried out, and is entered air pump by escape pipe and is entered three-way magnetic valve, is then entered from the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve
After static collection emanometer, then atmospheric environment entered by flowmeter；When turning air pump flow rate down, the flow rate of air pump keeps suitable
In, so that static collection emanometer measures the variation synchronous with the gaseous state radon consistence in water sample measurement bottle of intracavitary radon consistence；
E, using shorter time interval measurement, i.e. measurement in 2-10 minutes is primary, measures radon consistence always and tends to steady state value.
Two, calculating process
Water sample is calculated according to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the flow rate of air pump and static collection emanometer
In radium concentration.
Radon in water sample to be measured is from the decay of radium in water, if the volume of water sample to be measured is V, radium activity is A in waterRa,
Then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
(1)
Radon consistence C ' in waterRnChanging rule are as follows:
(2)
In formulaIt is the decay coefficient of radon,It is the concentration of gaseous state radon in water sample measurement bottle, L is the flow rate of air pump,It is to let out
The coefficient of leakage, V1It is the gas circuit volume that bottle is measured from water sample to static collection emanometer measurement chamber.Since air pump flow rate is larger, energy
It is identical to the gaseous state radon consistence of static collection emanometer measurement chamber enough to think that water sample measures bottle.
Temperature when according to measurement can table look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when water radon and gaseous state radon balance, have:
(3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
(4)
It enables
(5)
In formulaFor Effective Decay Constant.
Formula (4) can simplify are as follows:
(6)
The solution of formula (6) are as follows:
(7)
For static collection emanometer, actual measurement be radon decay generate Po-218 concentration, for Po-218's
Concentration CPo(t) have:
(8)
C in formulaPo(t) intracavitary Po-218 concentration, λ are measured for static collection emanometerPoFor Po-218 decay coefficient.Electrostatic
The initial value that collecting method emanometer measures intracavitary radon consistence is 0, and the initial value for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration is also 0.
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (8) to obtain:
(9)
Suitable t value is chosen, so thatValue it is smaller, have:
(10)
Formula (10) are substituted into formula (9) to obtain:
(11)
To formula (11) both sides in 0-T1Interval integral:
(12)
It is that static collection emanometer measures intracavitary initial p o-218 concentration, value 0, formula (12) simplifies are as follows:
(13)
If measurement period is T, since static collection emanometer can not obtain the radon consistence of each time point, in shorter survey
The period is measured, the radon consistence at the measurement period midpoint is interpreted as, if T1It is the midpoint of n-th of measurement period, n is the overall measurement period
Number, n are more than or equal to 2, formula (13) variation are as follows:
(14)
It is reading of the static collection emanometer in n-th of measurement period, calculates radium concentration in water according to formula (14).
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1, measuring device structure provided by the invention is simple, and easy to operate, time of measuring is short.
2, radium concentration calculation process is simple in measurement method calculating water provided by the invention, and calculated result is accurate, can pass through
Monitoring, the analysis of long duration are carried out to radium concentration in the underground water water sample of somewhere and drink water gauge for country's formulation health
Standard, and foundation is provided for water pollution control, national disease prevention and treatment, farming and animal husbandry water etc., it is ensured that groundwater environment and residence
People's drinking water safety.
Detailed construction of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure signal that open loop type static collection partial integration provided by the invention measures radium concentration in water
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Open loop type static collection partial integration measure water in radium concentration device, including water sample measurement bottle 1, bottle cap 2, into
Air pipe sleeve 3, outlet pipe sleeve 4, air inlet pipe 5, escape pipe 6, air pump 7, static collection emanometer 8, flowmeter 9 and three-way magnetic valve
10。
Air inlet pipe sleeve 3 and outlet pipe sleeve 4 are separately mounted on bottle cap 2, and air inlet pipe 5 is inserted on air inlet pipe sleeve 3, escape pipe 6
It is inserted on outlet pipe sleeve 4, escape pipe 6 is connect by hose with the inlet end of air pump 7, and the outlet side of air pump 7 passes through hose and three
The inlet end of three-way electromagnetic valve 10 connects, and the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 passes through hose and static collection emanometer 8
Inlet end connection, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 are communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer 8 is logical
Hose is crossed to connect with flowmeter 9.
The method that radium concentration in open loop type static collection partial integration measurement water is carried out using above-mentioned measuring device, including
Measurement process and calculating process, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device that open loop type static collection partial integration measures radium concentration in water is placed on the environment of constant temperature, and measures ring
Border temperature；
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle 1, and covers tightly bottle cap 2, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe 5 in water sample to be measured and is leaned on
The bottom of bottle of nearly water sample measurement bottle 1, the air inlet of escape pipe 6 are located on water sample liquid level to be measured；
C, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is opened, the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10, booster air pump 7, control are closed
The flow rate of air pump 7 processed so that air is entered by air inlet pipe 5 to be bubbled in test sample water, while will be carried to the radon in test sample water
Out, air pump 7 is entered by escape pipe 6 and enters three-way magnetic valve 10, then entered from the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10
Atmospheric environment, since the flow rate of air pump 7 is very big, after air pump 7 starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit；
D, the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is closed, the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve 10 is opened, by obtaining flow
9 reading of meter to control air pump 7 turns flow rate down, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe 5, while by water to be measured
Radon in sample is carried out, and is entered air pump 7 by escape pipe 6 and is entered three-way magnetic valve 10, then from the of three-way magnetic valve 10
After one outlet side enters static collection emanometer 8, then passes through flowmeter 9 and enter atmospheric environment；When turning 7 flow rate of air pump down,
The flow rate of air pump 7 keeps moderate, so that static collection emanometer 8 measures the gas in intracavitary radon consistence and water sample measurement bottle 1
The synchronous variation of state radon consistence；
E, using shorter time interval measurement, i.e. measurement in 2-10 minutes is primary, measures radon consistence always and tends to steady state value.
Two, calculating process
Water sample is calculated according to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the flow rate of air pump and static collection emanometer 8
In radium concentration.
Radon in water sample to be measured is from the decay of radium in water, if the volume of water sample to be measured is V, radium activity is A in waterRa,
Then radium concentration C in waterRaAre as follows:
(1)
Radon consistence C ' in waterRnChanging rule are as follows:
(2)
In formulaIt is the decay coefficient of radon,It is the concentration of gaseous state radon in water sample measurement bottle 1, L is the flow rate of air pump 7,It is
Leadage coefficient, V1It is the gas circuit volume for measuring bottle 1 from water sample and measuring chamber to static collection emanometer 8.Due to 7 flow rate of air pump compared with
Greatly, it can be seen that the gaseous state radon consistence of water sample measurement bottle 1 to the measurement chamber of static collection emanometer 8 is identical.
Temperature when according to measurement can table look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when water radon and gaseous state radon balance, have:
(3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
(4)
It enables
(5)
In formulaFor Effective Decay Constant.
Formula (4) can simplify are as follows:
(6)
The solution of formula (6) are as follows:
(7)
For static collection emanometer 8, actual measurement be radon decay generate Po-218 concentration, for Po-218's
Concentration CPo(t) have:
(8)
C in formulaPo(t) intracavitary Po-218 concentration, λ are measured for static collection emanometer 8PoFor Po-218 decay coefficient.It is quiet
The initial value that electric collecting method emanometer 8 measures intracavitary radon consistence is 0, and the initial value for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration is also 0.
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (8) to obtain:
(9)
Suitable t value is chosen, so thatValue it is smaller, have:
(10)
Formula (10) are substituted into formula (9) to obtain:
(11)
To formula (11) both sides in 0-T1Interval integral:
(12)
It is that static collection emanometer 8 measures intracavitary initial p o-218 concentration, value 0, formula (12) simplifies are as follows:
(13)
If measurement period is T, since static collection emanometer 8 can not obtain the radon consistence of each time point, shorter
Measurement period is interpreted as the radon consistence at the measurement period midpoint, if T1It is the midpoint of n-th of measurement period, n is the overall measurement period
Number, n are more than or equal to 2, formula (13) variation are as follows:
(14)
It is reading of the static collection emanometer 8 in n-th of measurement period, it is dense to calculate radium in water according to formula (14)
Degree.
Claims (2)
1. open loop type static collection partial integration measures the device of radium concentration in water, it is characterized in that: including that water sample measures bottle, bottle
Lid, air inlet pipe sleeve, outlet pipe sleeve, air inlet pipe, escape pipe, air pump, static collection emanometer, flowmeter and three-way magnetic valve；
Air inlet pipe sleeve and outlet pipe sleeve are separately mounted on bottle cap, and air inlet pipe is inserted in air inlet pipe and puts on, and escape pipe is inserted in escape pipe
It puts on, escape pipe is connected by the inlet end of hose and air pump, and the outlet side of air pump passes through the air inlet of hose and three-way magnetic valve
First outlet side of end connection, three-way magnetic valve is connect by hose with the inlet end of static collection emanometer, threeway electromagnetism
Second outlet side of valve is communicated with atmospheric environment, and the outlet side of static collection emanometer is connect by hose with flowmeter.
2. carrying out radium concentration in open loop type static collection partial integration measurement water using measuring device as described in claim 1
Method, characterized in that including measurement process and calculating process, the specific steps of which are as follows:
One, measurement process
A, the device that open loop type static collection partial integration measures radium concentration in water is placed on the environment of constant temperature, and measures ring
Border temperature；
B, water sample to be measured is poured into water sample measurement bottle, and covers tightly bottle cap, the gas outlet of air inlet pipe is in water sample to be measured and close
Water sample measures the bottom of bottle of bottle, and the air inlet of escape pipe is located on water sample liquid level to be measured；
C, the second outlet side for opening three-way magnetic valve, closes the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, and booster air pump adjusts air pump
Flow rate while will be carried out to the radon in test sample water so that air is entered by air inlet pipe to be bubbled in test sample water, pass through
Escape pipe enters air pump and enters three-way magnetic valve, then enters atmospheric environment from the second outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, due to gas
The flow rate of pump is very big, after air pump starts 5-30 minutes, it can be seen that the concentration of radon is 0 in gas circuit；
D, the second outlet side for closing three-way magnetic valve, opens the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve, is read by obtaining flowmeter
Number turns flow rate down to control air pump, is bubbled so that air is entered in water sample to be measured by air inlet pipe, while will be in water sample to be measured
Radon is carried out, and is entered air pump by escape pipe and is entered three-way magnetic valve, is then entered from the first outlet side of three-way magnetic valve
After static collection emanometer, then atmospheric environment entered by flowmeter；When turning air pump flow rate down, the flow rate of air pump keeps suitable
In, so that static collection emanometer measures the variation synchronous with the gaseous state radon consistence in water sample measurement bottle of intracavitary radon consistence；
E, using shorter time interval measurement, i.e. measurement in 2-10 minutes is primary, measures radon consistence always and tends to steady state value；
Two, calculating process
Water sample is calculated according to the reading of environment temperature, the volume of water sample to be measured, the flow rate of air pump and static collection emanometer
In radium concentration；
Radon in water sample to be measured is from the decay of radium in water, if the volume of water sample to be measured is V, radium activity is A in waterRa, then water
Middle radium concentration CRaAre as follows:
(1)
Radon consistence C ' in waterRnChanging rule are as follows:
(2)
In formulaIt is the decay coefficient of radon,It is the concentration of gaseous state radon in water sample measurement bottle, L is the flow rate of air pump,It is leakage
Coefficient, V1It is that the gas circuit volume for measuring bottle to static collection emanometer measurement chamber from water sample can since air pump flow rate is larger
It is identical to the gaseous state radon consistence of static collection emanometer measurement chamber to think that water sample measures bottle；
Temperature when according to measurement can table look-up to obtain concentration ratio X when water radon and gaseous state radon balance, have:
(3)
Formula (3) are substituted into formula (2) to obtain:
(4)
It enables
(5)
In formulaFor Effective Decay Constant；
Formula (4) can simplify are as follows:
(6)
The solution of formula (6) are as follows:
(7)
For static collection emanometer, actual measurement be radon decay generate Po-218 concentration, for Po-218's
Concentration CPo(t) have:
(8)
C in formulaPo(t) intracavitary Po-218 concentration, λ are measured for static collection emanometerPoFor Po-218 decay coefficient, electrostatic
The initial value that collecting method emanometer measures intracavitary radon consistence is 0, and the initial value for measuring intracavitary Po-218 concentration is also 0；
Formula (7) are substituted into formula (8) to obtain:
(9)
Suitable t value is chosen, so thatValue it is smaller, have:
(10)
Formula (10) are substituted into formula (9) to obtain:
(11)
To formula (11) both sides in 0-T1Interval integral:
(12)
It is that static collection emanometer measures intracavitary initial p o-218 concentration, value 0, formula (12) simplifies are as follows:
(13)
If measurement period is T, since static collection emanometer can not obtain the radon consistence of each time point, in shorter survey
The period is measured, the radon consistence at the measurement period midpoint is interpreted as, if T1It is the midpoint of n-th of measurement period, n overall measurement periodicity, n
More than or equal to 2, formula (13) variation are as follows:
(14)
It is reading of the static collection emanometer in n-th of measurement period, calculates radium concentration in water according to formula (14).
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109188494B (en) | 2022-06-21 |
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