CN1096550C - 燃料喷射器的电磁计量阀 - Google Patents

燃料喷射器的电磁计量阀 Download PDF

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CN1096550C
CN1096550C CN97126380A CN97126380A CN1096550C CN 1096550 C CN1096550 C CN 1096550C CN 97126380 A CN97126380 A CN 97126380A CN 97126380 A CN97126380 A CN 97126380A CN 1096550 C CN1096550 C CN 1096550C
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armature
metering valve
spring
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valve
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CN1190698A (zh
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马里奥·里科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M63/0021—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M63/0021—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M63/0022—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F02M63/022—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by acting on fuel control mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/306—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

Abstract

本发明公开了一种计量阀，包括有一个用于出油导管的阀，和一个用于控制衔铁与杆分离并借助一衬套沿杆滑动的电磁铁。杆由一固定衬套引导，并由一第一弹簧推动以将阀保持在关闭位置，一个第二弹簧使衔铁的台肩轴向靠在安装在杆上的一个C形环上。为减少衔铁相对于杆的行程的超行程，将阀移动到关闭位置，并阻尼衔铁的振荡，在两个衬套之间采取措施，提供一个具有标定厚度的套筒，该套筒沿杆滑动，并与衬套形成一很小的轴向间隙。

Description

燃料喷射器的 电磁计量阀
本发明涉及一种特别适用于内燃发动机的燃料喷射器的电磁计量阀。
燃料喷射器的计量阀通常包括带有一出油导管的控制室，该导管通常利用一主弹簧由一阀关闭，并通过激励一个电磁铁以克服弹簧力移动衔铁来打开。在已知的阀门中，衔铁通常与一个在固定导座内滑动的杆刚性连接。
当关闭出油导管时，衔铁和杆的动能耗散在阀抵靠计量阀的撞击中，而当打开出油导管时，衔铁和杆返回冲程的动能被耗散在杆抵靠一止挡的撞击中。
这样的撞击产生相当大的、与衔铁和杆的质量与速度成正比而与非常短的撞击的持续时间成反比的力。由于杆、球阀和计量阀体的硬度，在打开和关闭计量阀时，都产生相当大的回弹，因此衔铁的运动不能确保喷射器的稳定操作。
一种降低在打开和关闭冲程中被制动的质量回弹的方法是将衔铁与杆分离开，并设置一个比主弹簧弱一些的第二弹簧，用于推动衔铁靠在杆的一个元件上。在另一种已知阀门中，杆带有一个法兰，法兰位于一个燃料环流的腔室内，在其内法兰的动作产生一定数量的涡流以进一步降低回弹。
然而，这些已知阀门的缺点是，不能在衔铁的两个接连动作问实现小的时间间隔，而这一小的间隔是高速喷射发动机所要求的。特别是，这些阀门不适用于在主喷射之前需要燃料的预喷射的发动机。在此情形下，事实上，衔铁相对于杆的行程的超行程防止了衔铁在主喷射之前返回到空载位置。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种上述类型的简单可靠的计量阀，能够克服前述的已知阀门的缺点，并能够确保衔铁快速返回停止在空载/停止位置。
根据本发明，提供了一种计量阀，包括一个用于控制室出油导管的阀；一用于驱动一衔铁以通过一中间元件控制所述阀的电磁铁；一个作用在所述中间元件上以将所述阀保持在关闭位置的第一弹簧；所述衔铁与所述中间元件分开，且借助于一第二弹簧保持在抵靠所述中间元件的空载位置；止挡装置设置用来制动由所述第一弹簧引起的所述衔铁的运动；所述止挡装置独立于所述阀，并且如此设置以便减小所述衔铁相对于所述中间元件的行程的超行程，使所述衔铁快速返回到空载位置，并阻尼由所述第一弹簧和第二弹簧产生的所述衔铁的回弹。
更确切地说，在一个计量阀中，其中衔铁基本上是圆盘形的，与一个衬套形成一体，且中间元件是杆状的并与圆盘同轴，并且衬套在其上滑动，所述止挡装置包括至少一个具有标定厚度并在所述杆上在所述衔铁和一固定止挡之间自由滑动的套筒。
下面将参照附图描述本发明的一个最佳的、非限定性的实施例，其中：
图1是具有本发明计量阀的一个燃料喷射器的局部剖面侧视图；
图2是图1所示喷射器计量阀的放大剖面图的一半；
图3是图2的放大视图。
图1中的数字5代表一个燃料喷射器，例如用于一个柴油发动机的燃料喷射器，包括一个与喷嘴9相连的中空阀体6，喷嘴9的端部是一个或多个喷射孔11；还包括一个在中空阀体6内滑动的控制杆8，控制杆8借助一个板10与用于关闭孔11的针阀12连接。
中空阀体6包括一个输送管13，一个与一个常用燃料供给泵相连的进口接头16插入其内，输送管又包括有一个孔14(图2)，孔14通过导管17、18和21与喷嘴9的喷射腔室19连通；针阀12有一轴肩22，在腔室19内的压力燃料作用在其上；一压缩弹簧23用于向下推动针阀12。
喷射器5也包括一个由24整体表示的计量阀，计量阀包括一个控制衔铁27的电磁铁26(图2)；电磁铁26包括有一个环形磁芯28，其内放置有一个电线圈29；磁芯28有一个中心孔31，与出油接头32同轴，出油接头32与磁芯28连成一体并与燃料箱相通。
计量阀24也包括一体件33，该体件33有法兰部分34，法兰34通常借助一外螺纹环形螺母36支撑在阀体6的台肩上，该螺母36与在阀体6中形成的出油腔室37的螺纹部分相啮合；衔铁27基本上包括一圆盘38，圆盘38上有多个由槽39分隔开的扇形区，出油腔室37通过各槽与磁芯28的中心孔31相通。
阀24的体件33也包括一轴向控制腔室41，控制腔室包括一个与孔14相通的进口导管42和一个与出油腔室37相通的出油导管43。控制腔室41的底部由杆8的顶部表面限定，并且由于与轴肩22的面积相比，杆8的顶部表面的面积较大(图1)，因此燃料的压力借助于弹簧23使杆8通常保持在关闭喷嘴9的孔11的位置上。
控制腔室41的出油导管43通常由一个球形阀44关闭，该球形阀44位于一个由与导管43的接触表面限定的锥形座上；球形阀44由一导向板46引导，一中间元件作用在导向板46上，该中间元件包括一个圆柱形杆47；衔铁27与衬套48作成一体，衬套沿杆47轴向滑动，所述杆上有一个槽，一个C形环49置于该槽内，与衔铁27的台肩50相配合，使衔铁27与杆47脱离。
杆47的一给定长度伸入孔31内，其端部51的直径较小，用于支撑并固定一位于孔31内的第一压缩弹簧52；杆47在固定衬套53内滑动，固定衬套53与一底部法兰54作成一体，底部法兰54具有轴向孔56；杆47在其底部有一整体法兰57，它由法兰54的底部表面限制住。
环形螺母36向法兰54施加压力，通过中间的校准垫圈使法兰54顶靠于阀24体件33的法兰34，校准垫圈用于限定杆47的所需行程；弹簧52设置得当电磁铁26不被激励时，使杆47、衔铁27迅速向下移动，并借助板46将球形阀44保持在关闭导管43的位置上。
杆47的法兰57位于一涡流室58内，从控制室41排出的燃料借助于法兰57的运动在其中被加压和膨胀；衬套53与环形螺母36之间形成一间隔59，该间隔59使室58内的燃料经由孔56进入出油室37。
在衔铁27和法兰54之间有一个第二弹簧61，它作用在衔铁27上，使台肩50保持与杆47的环49靠在一起。当电磁铁26没被激励时，弹簧52向下推动杆47，使球形阀44恢复到关闭位置并与杆47一起靠在出油导管43上部的其座的锥形表面上；并且当其向下移动时，杆47借助C形环49向下拉动衔铁27。
当杆47停止时，衔铁27由于其运行速度倾向于继续向下移动，即由于惯性而超行程，第二弹簧61使其恢复并使其台肩50靠在环49上。
根据本发明，为了使衔铁27快速恢复到空载位置(idle position)，在固定衬套53和衔铁27的衬套48之间采取措施，设置了包括一个具有标定厚度S的套筒62的止挡装置(图3)。套筒62由非磁性材料制成，并且是C形的，以便于安装到杆47上，它可以是由任一种金属材料制成的，例如通过烧结的方法，套筒62由杆47自身轴向导向，并位于构成衔铁27固定止挡的衬套53的端面63和衔铁27的衬套48的端面64之间。
套筒62有一矩形横断面，其宽度L大体等于固定衬套53的厚度；套筒62的厚度S至少等于宽度L，并被精确校准，以便与衬套53和48的表面63和64形成一很小的相应于衔铁27预期超行程的预定轴向总间隙P，其范围最好在0.05至0.1mm。
所述喷射器的操作如下：
在线圈29被激励时(图2)，磁芯28吸引衔铁27，衔铁借助台肩50和环49克服弹簧52向上拉动杆47；杆47的法兰57在室58内产生涡流，以缓冲杆47的法兰57抵靠在固定法兰54上；衔铁27受到排出室37内的燃料的制动，且其台肩50靠在C形环49上。因此衔铁27和杆47之间的分开有助于分别地吸收两部件的动能。
从而室41内的燃料压力使球形阀44移动到打开位置，以便将燃料从室41排回到油箱；室19内的燃料压力(图1)克服杆8上表面的残余压力使针阀12上升，从而通过孔11将室19内的燃料喷射出。
当线圈29被去激励时，弹簧52向下推动杆47，以便借助环49下拉衔铁27；杆47的动能也部分地由法兰57在室58内的燃料中产生的涡流而耗散，因此缓冲杆47、板46和球形阀44的冲击；球形阀44关闭出油导管43；并且受压燃料恢复控制室41内的压力，这样针阀12(图1)关闭孔11。
当杆47被阻止时，衔铁27由于惯性力克服弹簧61继续向下移动，以便相对于杆47的行程而出现超行程以使球形阀44移动进入关闭位置，并且因此由套筒62阻止，从套筒处反弹，并由于弹簧61的作用而发生振荡。但是超行程和随后的振荡局限于套筒62与衬套53和48的表面63和64之间的小间隙P。
而且，衔铁27的超行程期间的动能部分地被传递给套筒62，后者从衬套53的表面63反弹，并以一个与其质量成反比的速度振荡，因而大大地减少了衔铁27的动能，在两个方向快速地阻尼反弹，进而大大降低衔铁27的预喷射和主喷射运动间的时间间隔。
与已有的阀门相比，本发明计量阀24的优点从前面的描述中可以明显看出。特别是，套筒62能保证衔铁27快速抵靠于环49，因此降低了衔铁27的两个连续操作之间的时间间隔，并使发动机的速度相应提高。
显然，在不偏离本发明范围的情况下，可以对以上所描述并示出的计量阀进行各种形式的改动。例如，止挡装置可以如此设计以抵靠衔铁27的不同部分；止动套筒62可以用两个或多个单独环代替，以限定预定总间隙P，进而限定衔铁27的最大预定行程。
而且，第二弹簧61可以用一个片簧代替，或用一个或多个贝式垫圈(Belleville Washers)所代替；并且套筒62也可以用在一个没有涡流室的计量阀中。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃料喷射器的电磁计量阀，包括一个用于控制室(41)出油导管(43)的阀(44)；一个用于驱动一衔铁(27)以通过一中间元件(47)控制所述阀(44)的电磁铁(26)；和一个作用在所述中间元件(47)上以保持所述阀(44)处于关闭位置的第一弹簧(52)；所述衔铁(27)与所述中间元件(47)分离开，并通过一第二弹簧(61)保持在抵靠所述中间元件(47)上的一空载位置；其特征在于，设置有止挡装置(62)用于阻止由所述第一弹簧(52)产生的所述衔铁(27)的运动；所述止挡装置(62)独立于所述阀(44)，并且如此设置以便减少所述衔铁(27)相对于所述中间元件(47)的行程的超行程、使所述衔铁(27)快速返回到所述空载位置、并阻尼由所述第一弹簧(52)和所述第二弹簧(61)产生的所述衔铁(27)的反弹。
2.如权利要求1所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述衔铁(27)由所述中间元件(47)引导，所述止挡装置包括至少一个部件(62)，该部件(62)由所述中间元件(47)引导并可以在所述衔铁(27)和一个固定止挡(63)之间自由移动。
3.如权利要求2所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述衔铁(27)包括一个与一衬套(48)形成一体的盘(38)，并且所述中间元件是一与所述盘(38)同轴的杆(47)，所述衬套(48)在所述杆(47)上滑动；所述部件是一标定厚度为(S)并在所述杆(47)上滑动的套筒(62)。
4.如权利要求3所述的电磁计量阀，其中，具有标定厚度(S)的所述套筒(62)是C形的，以便于装配到所述杆(47)上。
5.如权利要求3所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述杆(47)本身在一固定衬套(53)内滑动；所述固定止挡包括所述固定衬套(53)的一端表面(63)。
6.如权利要求4所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述杆(47)本身在一固定衬套(53)内滑动；所述固定止挡包括所述固定衬套(53)的一端表面(63)。
7.如权利要求5所述的电磁计量阀，其中，具有标定厚度(S)的所述套筒(62)位于所述端表面(63)和所述衔铁(27)的衬套(48)的一个端表面(64)之间，并且其尺寸选定得使其与所述各端表面(63，64)形成一0.05至0.1mm的轴向间隙。
8.如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电磁计量阀，其中，具有标定厚度(S)的所述套筒(62)有一矩形剖面，其宽度(L)大体等于所述固定衬套(53)的厚度；所述标定厚度(S)至少等于所述宽度(L)。
9.如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述第二弹簧是一螺旋压缩弹簧(61)，该弹簧(61)位于所述盘(38)和一与所述固定衬套(53)作成一体的法兰(54)之间。
10.如上述权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电磁计量阀，其中，所述杆(47)包括一可在一涡流室(58)内移动的法兰(57)，所述涡流室(58)位于所述控制室(41)和一燃料从所述控制室(41)排入其中的排出室(37)之间。
CN97126380A 1996-12-23 1997-12-23 燃料喷射器的电磁计量阀 Expired - Fee Related CN1096550C (zh)

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RU2200892C2 (ru) 2003-03-20
EP0851114A3 (en) 1999-04-14
US6199774B1 (en) 2001-03-13
EP0851114A2 (en) 1998-07-01
DE69736461D1 (de) 2006-09-21
KR19980064481A (ko) 1998-10-07
ITTO960263U1 (it) 1998-06-23
DE69736461T2 (de) 2007-02-01
JP4106669B2 (ja) 2008-06-25
ES2268721T3 (es) 2007-03-16
JPH10213040A (ja) 1998-08-11
EP0851114B1 (en) 2006-08-09
KR100531744B1 (ko) 2006-03-14
IT239878Y1 (it) 2001-03-13
CN1190698A (zh) 1998-08-19

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