CN109621984B - 耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以渣油、重油、石油焦、煤等重质原料制合成气的耐硫变换甲烷化反应的催化剂,具体涉及一种耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂及制备方法。所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂,包括活性组分、载体和助剂,其特征在于:以硫化钴和硫化钼为活性组分,以氧化钛和铝酸钙为载体,以稀土助剂为助剂,采用混捏法制备而成。本发明催化剂,活性组分在载体中不易流失,催化剂结构和活性稳定性好,能适应高压、高空速、低水气比条件,耐硫变换反应和甲烷化反应能够同时进行,同时获得氢气和甲烷产物,甲烷化反应起活温度低;所述的制备方法,工艺简单、制备成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以渣油、重油、石油焦、煤等重质原料制合成气的耐硫变换甲烷化反应的催化剂,具体涉及一种耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
目前,煤气化制氢装置副产少量低热值燃料气普遍采用的工艺流程是设置变换线和非变换线,以分别满足炼厂对氢气和燃料气的需求,但装置的投资大,燃料气热值低,且氢气和燃料气需求不能灵活切换。如果通过在变换工段中嵌入甲烷化工序,取消非变换线,以同时进行变换和甲烷化反应,经过净化装置脱除酸性气体后,由PSA分离出纯氢,副产解吸气作为高热值燃料气送入管网,则可以满足对氢气和燃料气的同时需求。直接由煤气化制氢联产高热值燃料气,开创煤制氢联产燃料气的新路线,大幅提高全装置的可靠性、灵活性和经济性。这种设计通过甲烷化反应一方面提高燃烧值,另一方面降低CO含量以提高燃气安全性。
目前,合成气甲烷化反应主要有两种工艺路线:一种是对硫化氢极其敏感的Ni/Al2O3体系催化的非耐硫甲烷化工艺;另一种工艺路线是采用钼基催化剂催化的耐硫甲烷化工艺。茂湛炼化一体化项目设计采用耐硫甲烷化偶联变换工艺,因而,开发同时具备适宜可控的甲烷化和变换反应活性的高温定型耐硫变换部分甲烷化一体化催化剂至为关键。
上世纪70年代,国外针对城市煤气热值的提升,开始研发耐硫甲烷化催化剂。美国燃气技术研究院于1978年研制了一种钼系耐硫甲烷化催化剂,在完成“立升级”试验最长连续运行600h后,由于当时缺少市场应用前景于上世纪90年代暂停了进一步的研发工作,目前尚无大规模的工业化应用业绩。
国内于上世纪80年代开始研制耐硫甲烷化催化剂,大连化物所、中科大以及上海煤气研究所等科研院所于90年代研发了一批催化剂,但大部分只停留于“立升级”实验装置规模,均未工业化应用。进入新世纪,随着一批SNG项目的投产,耐硫甲烷化工艺以其流程短,酸性气体脱除单元负荷小,能耗低,投资低的优势,再次成为研发热点。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂,活性组分在载体中不易流失,催化剂结构和活性稳定性好,能适应高压、高空速、低水气比条件,耐硫变换反应和甲烷化反应能够同时进行,同时获得氢气和甲烷产物,甲烷化反应起活温度较低;本发明同时提供其制备方法,工艺简单、制备成本低。
本发明所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂,包括活性组分、载体和助剂,其特征在于:以硫化钴和硫化钼为活性组分,以氧化钛和铝酸钙为载体,以稀土助剂为助剂,采用混捏法制备而成。
催化剂中,硫化钼的含量为5.0~16.0wt.%,硫化钴的含量为0.5~4.0wt.%,稀土助剂的含量为0.5~3.0wt.%,氧化钛的含量为50~75wt.%,铝酸钙的含量为10~30wt.%。
优选地,硫化钼的含量为8.0~13.0wt.%,硫化钴的含量为1.5~2.5wt.%,稀土助剂的含量为1~2wt.%,氧化钛的含量为60~70wt.%,铝酸钙的含量为20~25wt.%。
所述的稀土助剂为硝酸镧、硝酸铈或硝酸钇中的一种或几种,优选硝酸铈。
所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将可溶性钼盐用去离子水溶解,得到溶液A;
(2)将可溶性钴盐、稀土助剂和粘结剂用去离子水溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)将含钛化合物、铝酸钙和扩孔剂混合均匀,分别加入溶液A和溶液B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、焙烧后,制得催化剂半成品;
(4)催化剂半成品与含硫化氢气体反应,得催化剂成品。
所述的粘结剂为醋酸、柠檬酸、草酸或硝酸中的一种或几种,优选柠檬酸,粘结剂的用量为催化剂的1~6wt.%,优选2~4wt.%。
所述的扩孔剂为田箐粉、柠檬酸或淀粉中的一种或几种,优选田箐粉;扩孔剂的用量为催化剂的1~6wt.%,优选3~4wt.%。
所述的含钛化合物为偏钛酸或锐钛矿中的一种或两种,优选偏钛酸。
所述的铝酸钙为70#、80#或85#中的一种或几种,优选80#。
步骤(3)中,所述的焙烧温度为400~700℃,优选550℃。
步骤(4)中,所述的含硫化氢气体中,硫化氢的体积含量为0.1~0.3%,优选0.2%;反应温度为100~250℃,优选200℃;反应时间为2~20h,优选10~20h;反应气空速为200~1000h-1,优选500~1000h-1。
所述的催化剂外观可为条形、三叶草、四叶草型和球形等。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂具有较高的强度、较好的结构,活性稳定性好,活性组分流失率低,适用于中高压、高空速、低水气比条件,使用寿命较长,能够满足工业变换装置对低水气比条件下同时发生变换反应和甲烷化反应的要求,经过净化装置脱除酸性气体后,在得到高纯氢气的同时,副产解吸气作为高热值甲烷燃料气送入管网,可以满足对氢气和燃料气的同时需求。
2、采用该催化剂进行变换和甲烷化耦合反应,可避免煤气化制氢装置副产少量低热值燃料气时普遍采用变换线和非变换线工艺流程,同时满足炼厂对氢气和燃料气的需求,降低装置投资,提高燃料气热值,实现氢气和燃料气的灵活切换。
3、本发明所述的制备方法,工艺简单、制备成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明原粒度加压评价装置示意图;
图中:1-原料气净化器;2-减压器;3-混合器;4-压力表;5-停工阀;6-加热炉;7-反应管;8-管内热偶管;9-冷凝器;10-分离器;11-排液器;12-湿式流量计;13-汽化器;14-水槽;15-水计量泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)将15.8g七钼酸铵用40mL去离子水溶解得到透亮的溶液A。
(2)将7.8g硝酸钴、4.6g硝酸铈、3g草酸和1mL稀硝酸分别加入去15mL离子水中得到溶液B;
(3)将含98g偏钛酸、14g 80#铝酸钙、3g田箐粉干混均匀,分别加入溶液A和B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、550℃焙烧后制得催化剂半成品。
(4)将催化剂半成品放置在密闭反应器中,以500h-1空速通入含0.2%硫化氢的空气混合气,并200℃条件下维持10h,后将温度降至室温,制得催化剂成品C1。其强度、孔结构及其催化反应活性数据见表1、2。
实施例2
(1)将18.5g四钼酸铵用50mL去离子水溶解得到透亮的溶液A。
(2)将2.2g硝酸钴、2.5g硝酸镧、4g柠檬酸加入去15mL离子水中得到溶液B;
(3)将含75.6g偏钛酸、30g85#铝酸钙、2g淀粉干混均匀,分别加入溶液A和B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、700℃焙烧后制得催化剂半成品。
(4)将催化剂半成品放置在密闭反应器中,以1000h-1空速通入含0.1%硫化氢的空气混合气,并150℃条件下维持15h,后将温度降至室温,制得催化剂成品C2。其强度、孔结构及其催化反应活性数据见表1、2。
实施例3
(1)将9.8g七钼酸铵用35mL去离子水溶解得到透亮的溶液A。
(2)将16.0g硝酸钴、3.68硝酸钇、3g草酸和2mL醋酸分别加入去20mL离子水中得到溶液B。
(3)将含74g锐钛矿、13g75#铝酸钙、6g田箐粉干混均匀,分别加入溶液A和B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、650℃焙烧后制得催化剂半成品。
(4)将催化剂半成品放置在密闭反应器中,以200h-1空速通入含0.3%硫化氢的空气混合气,并150℃条件下维持20h,后将温度降至室温,制得催化剂成品C3。其强度、孔结构及其催化反应活性数据见表1、2。
实施例4
(1)将6.8g钼酸铵用30mL去离子水溶解得到透亮的溶液A。
(2)将15.9g硝酸钴、3.8g硝酸镧、3g草酸和1mL稀硝酸分别加入去15mL离子水中得到溶液B。
(3)将含64g锐钛矿、25g80#铝酸钙、5g淀粉干混均匀,分别加入溶液A和B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、500℃焙烧后制得催化剂半成品。
(4)将催化剂半成品放置在密闭反应器中,以800h-1空速通入含0.2%硫化氢的空气混合气,并250℃条件下维持2h,后将温度降至室温,制得催化剂成品C4。其强度、孔结构及其催化反应活性数据见表1、2。
实施例5
(1)将12.5g七钼酸铵用40mL去离子水溶解得到透亮的溶液A。
(2)将12.0g硝酸钴、2.5g硝酸铈、3g柠檬酸和2mL稀硝酸分别加入去20mL离子水中得到溶液B。
(3)将含85.7g偏钛酸、26g80#铝酸钙、1g田箐粉干混均匀,分别加入溶液A和B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、600℃焙烧后制得催化剂半成品。
(4)将催化剂半成品放置在密闭反应器中,以600h-1空速通入含0.15%硫化氢的空气混合气,并220℃条件下维持8h,后将温度降至室温,制得催化剂成品C5。其强度、孔结构及其催化反应活性数据见表1、2。
上述实施例1-5中所述催化剂进行高温高压水热处理,水热试验条件为:在原粒度加压评价装置上,以氮气和水蒸汽为介质,空速4000h-1;压力4.0MPa;入口温度350℃;催化剂装量20.0mL;水汽比为1.8条件下处理100小时。试验结束后取出催化剂烘干,测试结果表明催化剂具有很好的强度稳定性,结果见表1,水热处理后的催化剂物相组成无明显变化。
所述的原粒度加压评价装置用于模拟工业条件,测定“原粒度”催化剂在不同条件下尾气一氧化碳和甲烷浓度及其变化,比较催化剂的变换反应和甲烷化反应活性,综合评价催化剂的各项性能。反应管为Ф45×5mm的不锈钢管,中央有Ф8×2mm的热偶管。按照不同水气比的要求配入一定量的水,经高温气化后,与原料气一起进入反应管进行变换甲烷化耦合反应,反应后尾气用色谱分析。
试验评价条件如下:
原料气组成:CO含量:25.0%;
CO2含量:25.0%;
H2S含量:>0.2%;
余量:H2;
催化剂装填量:60mL;
催化反应活性评价条件:
入口温度:325℃;压力:4.0MPa;水/气:0.1;
干气空速:1000h-1;H2S含量:0.15~0.3%。
表1催化剂孔容、比表面及强度变化
表2催化剂反应活性
Claims (8)
1.一种耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂,包括活性组分、载体和助剂,其特征在于:以硫化钴和硫化钼为活性组分,以氧化钛和铝酸钙为载体,以稀土助剂为助剂,采用混捏法制备而成;
催化剂中,硫化钼的含量为5.0~16.0wt.%,硫化钴的含量为0.5~4.0wt.%,稀土助剂的含量为0.5~3.0wt.%,氧化钛的含量为50~75wt.%,铝酸钙的含量为10~30wt.%;
所述的稀土助剂为硝酸镧、硝酸铈或硝酸钇中的一种或几种;
所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将可溶性钼盐用去离子水溶解,得到溶液A;
(2)将可溶性钴盐、稀土助剂和粘结剂用去离子水溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)将含钛化合物、铝酸钙和扩孔剂混合均匀,分别加入溶液A和溶液B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、焙烧后,制得催化剂半成品;
(4)催化剂半成品与含硫化氢气体反应,得催化剂成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂,其特征在于:催化剂中,硫化钼的含量为8.0~13.0wt.%,硫化钴的含量为1.5~2.5wt.%,稀土助剂的含量为1~2wt.%,氧化钛的含量为60~70wt.%,铝酸钙的含量为20~25wt.%。
3.一种权利要求1所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将可溶性钼盐用去离子水溶解,得到溶液A;
(2)将可溶性钴盐、稀土助剂和粘结剂用去离子水溶解,得到溶液B;
(3)将含钛化合物、铝酸钙和扩孔剂混合均匀,分别加入溶液A和溶液B,捏合均匀,经成型、自然干燥、焙烧后,制得催化剂半成品;
(4)催化剂半成品与含硫化氢气体反应,得催化剂成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的粘结剂为醋酸、柠檬酸、草酸或硝酸中的一种或几种,粘结剂的用量为催化剂的1~6wt.%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的扩孔剂为田箐粉、柠檬酸或淀粉中的一种或几种,扩孔剂的用量为催化剂的1~6wt.%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的含钛化合物为偏钛酸或锐钛矿中的一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述的焙烧温度为400~700℃。
8.根据权利要求3所述的耐硫变换甲烷化一体化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述的含硫化氢气体中,硫化氢的体积含量为0.1~0.3%,反应温度为100~250℃,反应时间为2~20h,反应气空速为200~1000h-1。
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