CN1096052C - 视频显示装置 - Google Patents

视频显示装置 Download PDF

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CN1096052C
CN1096052C CN96102949A CN96102949A CN1096052C CN 1096052 C CN1096052 C CN 1096052C CN 96102949 A CN96102949 A CN 96102949A CN 96102949 A CN96102949 A CN 96102949A CN 1096052 C CN1096052 C CN 1096052C
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signal
triode
selection wire
capable selection
voltage
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CN1138182A (zh
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A·G·F·丁瓦尔
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Technicolor SA
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    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3685—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3688—Details of drivers for data electrodes suitable for active matrices only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C19/00—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
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    • G11C—STATIC STORES
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    • G11C19/18—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using capacitors as main elements of the stages
    • G11C19/182—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using capacitors as main elements of the stages in combination with semiconductor elements, e.g. bipolar transistors, diodes
    • G11C19/184—Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers using capacitors as main elements of the stages in combination with semiconductor elements, e.g. bipolar transistors, diodes with field-effect transistors, e.g. MOS-FET
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    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
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    • G09G2300/0408—Integration of the drivers onto the display substrate
    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

在具有数据线和行选择线的液晶显示器件的阵列中，横过在显示器件两相对端的行选择线提供一对导线。该导线容性耦合到行选择线上。一个放大器响应于从在行选择线上产生的容性耦合的干扰信号中在导线之一中产生的信号。该放大器在其它也容性耦合到行选择线的导线上产生输出信号，使干扰信号降低。

Description

视频显示装置
本发明总地讲涉及显示器件的驱动电路，具体讲，涉及一种系统，用以将亮度信号加到以诸如液晶显示(LCD)矩阵排列的显示器件的象素上。
显示器件(例如液晶显示)是由按水平行和垂直列安置的象素矩阵构成的。将要被显示的视频信息以亮度(灰度)信号的形式加到单独地与象素的每列相关的数据线上。随后，由在行选择线中产生的信号顺序扫描象素的行。根据经过对应的数据线加到各列的亮度信号的电平，使与有效行选择线相联的象素电容充电至各种亮度电平。
非晶硅最适于制造液晶显示器，因为这种材料可在低温下制成。低制造温度非常重要，因为它允许使用标准的、稳定的和廉价的衬层材料。但是，由于低漂移、阈值电压漂移和仅用N-MOS增强型三极管，使在集成的外部象素驱动器中使用非晶硅薄膜三极管(a-si TFT)的设计较为困难。
在实用矩阵显示器中，每个象素元都包括一个将视频信号加到象素上的开关器件。通常，开关器件为从固体电路中接收亮度信息的TFT。由于TFT本身及其电路是由固体器件构成，最好用非晶硅或多晶硅同时制造TFT和其驱动电路。Plus等人的名为“System forApplying Brightness Signals To A Display Device And ComparatorTherefore”的美国专利5710155描述了一个LCD数据行或列驱动器的实例。
由于列数据线与行选择线间的寄生偶合，在数据线中产生的数据斜坡电压被容性地耦合到每个行选择线上，并在其上产生寄生干扰信号。需要防止在行选择线中产生这种寄生信号，以此来防止对行的误选。
需要使选择线驱动电路直接制造在同一衬底上并与液晶胞同时制造成。在美国专利5222082中描述了一种已知的扫描或移位寄存器的实例，它用于驱动行选择线，它可与液晶显示器件集成在一起。寄存器的输出部分被安置成可用TFT组成的推挽放大器形式。当给定的行被去选择时，推挽放大器的下拉TFT导通，以在去选择的行的一个行导线的端子上提供一个适合的阻抗。从而，使前述寄生信号被分流或不能在行导线上大幅度地产生。
在刷新周期或帧周期的大多数时段内，行导线被去选择。结果下拉TFT在大多数时间内导通，并且对过度的应激敏感。
为了减少在推挽TFT中的阈值电压漂移，需避免过大驱动推挽TFT。因此，需要减小推挽TFT导通所需的电流的幅度。优点是，通过减少噪声信号，使推挽TFT导通所需的电流减小。因此，推挽TFT在电路中很少处于临界。
实现本发明一个方面的视频显示装置将视频信号加到按显示器件阵列的多个行和多个列排列的象素上。该装置包括多个行选择线驱动器，用来将行选择信号连续地加到多个行的选择线上。多个数据线驱动器将视频信号加到与多个列相联的多个数据线上。一个放大器响应于在阵列的对应线中产生的干扰信号以产生一放大的输出信号。该输出信号代表干扰信号，并以免反馈方式经过阵列的附加线耦合到干扰信号发生线上，以从实质上降低干扰信号。
优点是，类似的噪声消除装置可用于LCD显示器件之外的采用矩阵寻址象素的诸如等离子体放电显示的显示器件上。
图1示出包括多个级联级的移位寄存器的方框图；
图2示出实现本发明一个方面的移位寄存器级的电路示意图，它可被用于图1的移位寄存器中；
图3a-3d为波型图，示出输出信号与在采用图2所示各级的图1移位寄存器各节点上出现的各时钟信号的相对时序；
图4为图2电路的实现本发明一个方面的阈值电压变化补偿装置的电路示意图；
图5示出一个图形，用于解释图4电路的工作；
图6示出带有用于减少在图2移位寄存器的输出级中电流的噪声消除装置的液晶显示器；
图7详细示出图6电路的放大器。
图2示出图1的移位寄存器100的示范级n。图1的移位寄存器100驱动图1中未示出的液晶显示矩阵的行选择线118。在移位寄存器100中，级n-1，n，n+1和n+2以级联结构依次联接。给定级的输出信号以链接形式耦合到紧后面一级的输入端上。例如寄存器100串中的前级n-1的输出脉冲OUTn-1耦合到图2级n的输入端12上。虽然图中仅示出n-1，n，n+1和n+2四级，但寄存器100串中级n的总数可很多。移位寄存器100可称作“步进”(Walking one)移位寄存器。之所以如此，是因为在视频帧期间TRUE(真)状态经寄存器100传递出去。
图1的时钟发生器101产生一个三相时钟信号，时钟信号C1、C2和C3的波形如图3d、3c和3b所示。当时钟信号C3的脉冲加到图1的级n-1时，产生图3a的输出信号OUTn-1的脉冲。在图1，2和3a-3d中相同的标号代表相同的内容。
图1的信号OUTn-1在图2级n的输入端12上产生。高电平的信号OUTn-1经过用作开关的图2的三极管18耦合到端子18a，以产生一个控制信号P1。在时钟信号C1出现的紧前时刻，在端子18a的信号P1因经电容31加到端子18a的时钟信号C3的自举而提升到较高电位。耦合到级n的输入端的级n-1的信号OUTn-1也耦合到三极管21的栅极。三极管21的漏极经端子21a耦合到三极管19的栅极以及耦合到推挽三极管17的栅极。结果三极管19和17变为非导通。
信号P1的高电平暂时存在一个极间电容(未示出)和电容30上。在输出三极管16的栅极上产生的信号P1使输出三极管16设为导通。当端子18a为高时，图3d的时钟信号C1经三极管16耦合到输出端13。极间寄生电容CP使端子18a的电位自举，提供对三极管16的额外驱动。结果，在寄存器n的输出端13上产生输出脉冲信号OUTn。在此期间，因三极管21的工作使推挽三极管17非导通，且对信号OUTn无影响。
级n的信号OUTn加到图1中的下级的输入端上。级n+1的工作除了用时钟信号C2来替代级n中的时钟信号C1使对应三极管导通外，均相同。当时钟信号C1为低电平时，三极管16在信号P1变低前导通。当时钟信号C1为低时，由于通过三极管16的放电，使级n的信号OUTn变低。
当三极管25导通时，其源-漏导通路径耦合在端子18a和基准电位VSS1间，以使上牵三极管25完全并断。级n的三极管25的栅极耦合至其次一级n+2上并受输出信号OUTn+2控制。
信号OUTn+2的脉冲与图3b的时钟信号C3同时出现。信号OUTn+2的脉冲使图2的三极管25能将端子18a上的前述极间电容CP放电。当紧后的时钟信号C1的脉冲出现时，三极管25将端子18a上的信号嵌位到一个能防止三极管16产生信号OUTn的任何附加脉冲的电平上。
信号OUTn+2的脉冲也耦合到三极管20的栅极上，使其导通。三极管20将电压VDD加到端子21a上使三极管17和19导通。随着信号OUTn+2的脉冲，三极管20断开。但是，耦合到三极管17和19栅极的电容32因三极管20的工作而贮有电荷。当端子12的信号使三极管21导通从而使三极管17和19关断时，在电容32上所存的电荷使三极管17和19导通至下一扫描周期。电容32还对端子12上的信号提供噪声滤除作用。
只要三极管17导通，它就作为推挽三极管在端子13上提供适当的阻抗。这样，三极管17就吸收电流i17。好处是，三极管17的源-漏阻抗足够低，使行选择线上的高电平放电并吸收从LCD矩阵的列线上耦合到行选择线的任何寄生电流。如果寄生电流未被三极管17所耗散，它将会产生一些电位，这些电位增至足够大幅度后就会对反相寄存器级发生误选。因此，可以通过使三极管17的阈值电压在工作中并不明显增加而防止误选发生。优点是，当三极管19导通后，可防止时钟信号C1和C3使三极管16导通。
在图1寄存器100的每个输出端的脉冲，例如信号OUTn+2的脉冲在约为16.6毫秒的垂直间隔中仅出现一次。因此，在每个垂直间隔中，图2级n的开关三极管18、16、20和25中没有一个导通超过一个时钟周期。另外，在大多数垂直间隔中，三极管17和19被偏置为连续导通。需要降低加到三极管17和19的电位，这个电位会使三极管17和19的阈值电压增加而其陷流量降低。
为了降低三极管17和19的内部应激，在三极管17栅极的信号P2在工作开始时建立在不高于三极管17的阈值电压2V的电压电平上。由于三极管17的阈值电压VTH的升高是因内部应激产生的，因此，需要用使工作中三极管17和19的电流导通量基本恒定的方式来被偿阈值电压VTH中的升高。
有利的是，在工作中，控制三极管17和19导通的可变电压VDD是以跟随三极管17和19中的阈值电压漂移的方式增加的。电压VDD中的改变可防止三极管17的电导率下降，例如可防止三极管17的电压VTH的阈值压漂移。
图4示出产生图2和4的电压VDD的阈值电压漂移补偿电路40。除了TFT199外，电路40的电路元件是有别于图1所示的移位寄存器100而形成的，这样，电路40的所有其它三极管均为单晶三极管而非TFT。TFT 199与图1的移位寄存器100共同形成在LCD的玻璃上，并用于感应TFT中的任何阈值漂移。
在电路40中，P型MOS三极管41与电阻42串联，以在三极管41中产生预定的恒定控制电流。三极管43以电流镜象结构与三极管41耦合。因此，三极管43中的电流i43是由三极管41控制的电流镜。电流i43耦合到N型三极管的串联耦合的三极管44、45和TFT199上。由于电流i43，在串联装置两端，于端子46上产生阈值电压补偿电压46a。
TFT199的栅极耦合至其漏极。因而，TFT 199两端的源-漏电压V199等于TFT 199的源栅电压。TFT 199两端的栅-源电压V199提供了电压46a的第一部分。电压V199代表三极管199的阈值电压。由于TFT 199的阈值电压改变特性与图2的三极管17类似，电压V199也代表三极管17的阈值电压VTH。为了便于设计，TFT 199为大三极管。用比三极管17中所流过的电流大的电流i43来产生电压V199。由于内部应激，当图2的三极管17中出现阈值电压VTH升高，由于类似特性和内部应激，图4的电压V199中也出现类似的增加。
均与TFT 199串联的三极管44和45其栅极与其漏极耦合，并且具有一衬底端子，该端子经过导线48与基准电平G耦合。在三极管44和45中产生的电压46a的一部分与电压V199相加以产生电压46a。以此方式，使电压46a大于电压V199约2V。电压V199约等于图2的三极管17的阈值电压VTH并且当电压VTH升高时升高。
电压46a耦合到增益为1的放大器的非反相端，用于产生等于电压46a的电压VDD。电压VDD经图2的三极管20加上，以改变三极管17的信号P2的电压电平。
由图4的三极管44和45产生的为2V的电压差是在LCD工作开始获得的。在工作时，三极管199的阈值电压增加。因此需要使电压46a的增加超过电压V199的增加以保持图2三极管中相同的导电性。
优点是，衬层被偏压在低于前述的三极管44和45的源电压的电平上。电压V199的增加将在每个三极管44和45中产生沟道调制。该沟道调制是由源-衬电压升高而获得的。结果，三极管44和45的阻性随电压V199的升高而升高。按此方式，电压46a非线性地增加。电压46a的增加正比地大于在三极管44和45作为线性电阻器或简单电平移动器时的情况。因而按此方式，甚至当三极管17的阈值电压VTH升高时，三极管17的导电性仍保持相对恒定。
图5示出电流i17的幅度示例，三极管17可吸收保持在不超过50mv的源-漏电压。如图5所示，电流i17对于在对应的约10V的阈值电压VTH的改变中变化少于5％。
为了降低三极管17中的应激，需使电流i17为低，例如在图5所示的电流范围内。在高于图5范围的幅度的导通电流i17在三极管17中会需要较高的栅源电压。这种较高的栅源电压会在三极管17中引起较大的应激，因而使寿命变短。
图6示出用于液晶阵列16’的噪声补偿电路200。在图1，2，3a-3d和4-6中，相同的符号代表相似的内容。图6的电路200使图2的电流i17处在较小幅度下。图6的阵列16’包括列数据线177和行选择线118。由图1的移位寄存器100来驱动行选择线118来连续地选择行线118。列数据线117可以与PLus等人的名为“System forApplying Brightness Signals To A Display Device And ComputerTherefore”的美国专利5170155描述的方式驱动。Plus等人的数据线驱动器是作为分块的斜坡放大器来工作的。图6的每个数据线177均由对应的三极管126驱动。对应数据线驱动器的一个给定的三极管126将在数据斜坡发生器234中产生的数据斜坡电压128加到矩阵的对应数据线177上用于产生选定行的象素16a中的斜坡信号。由比较器(未示出)来控制三极管开关126。三极管开关126导通时将数据斜坡电压128加到数据线177，并在由包括视频信号(未示)的图像信息的幅度决定的可控时刻断开。
为实现发明特征，除传统数据线177外，阵列16’包括并不提供图像信息并在此称作虚列线177a和177b的一对列线177a和177b。列线177a和177b与分别在阵列16’两端的数据线177并列放置。这样，数据线177被插在虚列线177a和177b之间。为了显示典型的图象内容，大部分传输栅极126同时将数据斜坡电压128的对应部分加到对应数据线177上，用于在给定数据线177中产生一个数据斜坡电压VDATALIN。
寄生耦合电容CRC与每个行选择线118与每个数据线177的交点相联。寄生电容将分块斜坡信号加到数据线和行选择线的结果，在各选择线上产生一个信号ROW-NOISE。
具有类似电容CRD但却大于电容CRC的虚列线177a用于在行选择线118上产生代表信号ROW-NOISE的信号NOISE-SENSE。信号ROW-NOISE经电容CRD交流耦合到线177a上。电容CRD线118与线177a间的线间电容。假定被去选择的在各行选择线118上的信号ROW-NOISE具有相似的幅值和波型。
信号NOISE-SENSE耦合到消噪放大器202的输入端201上。放大器202是具有较高增益的反相放大器，它将当前电平的信号NOISE-SENSE反相而产生信号NOISE-CANCEL。信号NOISE-CANCEL为耦合到虚列线177b的交流信号。信号NOISE-CANCEL从线177b经电容CRD容性地耦合到行选择线118上。由于信号NOISE-CANCEL与信号NOISE-SENSE反相，信号NOISE-CANCEL明显降低在每个行选择线118中的信号ROW-NOISE。
需要增大耦合在行选择线118和虚列线177a和177b之间的由CRD表示的寄生电容，以获得足够的灵敏度和稳定度。因而，使每条线177a和177b的宽尺寸W大于数据线177的尺寸。例如，线177a与行选择线118间的总电容可在2000pf-3000pf范围内。
图7详细地示出图6的放大器202。在图1，2，3a-3d和4-7中相似的符号代表相似的内容。图7的放大器202包括增益为1的非反相放大器202a。信号NOISE-SENSE经电阻R2和包括电容C2的电位移动装置加到放大器202a的非反相输入端in+。当在三极管MP和MN的栅极分别产生脉冲信号PRECHG和补充脉冲信号PRECHAG-INV时，P型MOS三极管MP和N型MOS三极管MN在电容C2上产生10V的基准电压REF。这样，诸如10V的电压在端子in+上与信号NOISE-SIGNAL的当前电压相加。三极管MP和MN导通和断开，以在电压VDATALINE的斜坡部分66之前，在图6的斜坡电压VDATALINE的波型的时刻T1附近对电容C2充电。
图7的电压REF也经过由电阻Rx和电容C4组成的R-C滤波器耦合到高增益反相放大器202b的非反相输入端。放大器202a的输出信号OUT经电阻R3耦合到放大器202b的反相输入端。反馈电阻R4从产生信号NOISE-CANCEL的放大器202b的输出端耦合到放大器202b的反相输入端。带反馈的放大器202b的交流电压增益约为2000。
当无信号干扰出现，例如t1时刻，只要端子201的电压为零，由电容C2两端的电压提供的直流电平移位将从放大器202a中产生10V的输出信号202c。在放大器202b的非反相输入端产生的10V电压，使放大器202b产生信号NOISE-CANCEL的输出端的电压等于10V。因此，图7的信号NOISE-CANCEL的电压范围上限电平为+22V的电源电压Vs，下限电平近于0V。优点是，信号NOISE-CANCEL通常偏置在+220V和0V间的中间，从而使信号NOISE-CANCEL的电压在正方向上摆动。
如前面所述的，当图6的端子201的输入电压变化时，信号NOISE-SENSE的幅度降低。当端子201的信号改变，产生给定幅度的信号NOISE-SENSE时，放大器202b的信号NOISE-CANCEL使信号NOISE-SENSE的幅度降低。由于放大器202b的高增益，使噪声的降低很明显。
在实现本发明的特征中，从线177b到选择线118的容性耦合使每行选择线118中的信号ROW-NOISE明显降低。在图2的三极管17中的电流i17也降低。结果三极管17无需大栅-源电压驱动。因此，三极管17并无明显应激。这使三极管17的工作寿命长于有应激时的工作寿命。

Claims (7)

1.一种视频显示装置，用于将视频信号加到按显示器件的阵列的多个行和多个列排列的象素上，它包括：
多个行选择线驱动器，用于连续地将行选择信号加到多个行选择线上；
多个数据线驱动器，用于将所述视频信号加到与所述多个列相联的多个数据线上；
其特征在于，
一个放大器，根据在所述阵列的对应线上产生的干扰信号，产生代表所述干扰信号的放大的输出信号，并以负反馈的方式经所述阵列的一个附加线耦合到所述干扰信号发生线上，以降低所述干扰信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征还在于，所述干扰信号是在当所述视频信号被加到所述多个数据线时在给定行选择线上产生的，所述放大器输出信号经所述附加线容性地耦合到所述多个行选择线上。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，一个导线容性地耦合到所述多个行选择线上，用来将所述放大器输出信号加到所述行选择线上。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导线叠合在所述的多个行选择线上。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，一个用于感知所述干扰信号的导线，所述导线横过所述行选择线伸展，且其宽度尺寸大于所述数据线的给定数据线的宽度尺寸，以在所述导线与所述行选择线之间提供大电容。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，导线响应于所述放大器输出信号并容性地耦合到所述多个行选择线上，以将所述放大器输出信号容性地耦合到所述多个行选择线上。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述导线横过所述行选择线延伸，且其宽度尺寸大于所述多个数据线的给定数据线的宽度尺寸，以使所述导线与所述行选择线间的电容增加。
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