CN109601977A - 适合肝病患者食用的食品 - Google Patents
适合肝病患者食用的食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601977A CN109601977A CN201810907278.5A CN201810907278A CN109601977A CN 109601977 A CN109601977 A CN 109601977A CN 201810907278 A CN201810907278 A CN 201810907278A CN 109601977 A CN109601977 A CN 109601977A
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- powder
- food
- hepatopath
- eats
- fruit
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适合肝病患者食用的食品。该食品包括茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素。茯苓粉中的茯苓多糖对肝损伤、肝癌、脂肪肝均有一定的保护和抵抗作用。姜黄素对肝损伤、肝纤维化、脂肪肝的预防及修护有明显作用。再辅助添加玉米肽和枳椇子，使得本发明提供的食品对于肝脏具有良好的保健作用，非常适合肝病患者日常食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能食品技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种适合肝病患者食用的食品。
背景技术
我国于2016年颁布的某纲要文件指出了食品和医药工业应当中高速发展和向中高端迈进。除此以外，国人很早就开始注重养生保健，注重以食疗、药膳等来预防和调理慢性病以及急性病理状态后的康复过程，维持和促进机体的健康与康复。我国的中医养生理论已提出5000多年，《黄帝内经》提出“药食同源”和“治未病”理念也有2000多年的历史，现代临床营养学在全球范围内的不断发展，这些都为当代功能性食品、特殊医学用途配方食品、保健食品和药品(特别是中药类)的研究提供了宝贵的理论基础。
肝脏是人体代谢过程的关键器官，发挥合成、分解以及转化等多个方面的作用。在体内外多种因素的刺激下，如机体代谢产生的各种毒素会导致肝脏急性、慢性损伤，在严重的情况下甚至会发生肝脏坏死。肝病临床上分为急性和慢性肝病，病人常表现出四肢乏力、食欲不振、精神萎靡等症状，若不能及时救治，会进一步发展为肝功能衰竭、肝硬化、肝癌等，已成为威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一。目前对于肝病的防治也被全世界所关注，但尚未阐明急性、慢性肝损伤的发病机制。针对肝病治疗的药物繁多，西药有多烯磷脂酰胆碱、硫普罗宁、干扰素等，但多数具有较强的副作用，限制其使用范围。
除了药物以外，对于肝病患者的日常保健也尤其重要，开发适合肝病患者食用的食品非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种适合肝病患者食用的食品，以解决现有技术中适合肝病患者食用的食品功效有限的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种适合肝病患者食用的食品，其包括茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素。
进一步地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品包括0.5～8份的茯苓粉、0.1～3份的玉米肽、0.05～2.8份的枳椇子和0.01～0.1份的姜黄素；优选地，适合肝病患者食用的食品包括1～5份的茯苓粉、0.5～1.5份的玉米肽、0.1～0.8份的枳椇子和0.01～0.5份的姜黄素。
进一步地，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括支链氨基酸，优选支链氨基酸为L-亮氨酸；优选地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.2～1.8份的支链氨基酸，更优选包括0.5～1份的支链氨基酸。
进一步地，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括枸杞果粉、水飞蓟籽、松茸及蚌肉多糖中的一种或多种；优选地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～3份的枸杞果粉、0.2～2.7份的水飞蓟籽、0.1～3份的松茸及0.05～1.8份的蚌肉多糖。
进一步地，按重量份计，肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.8份的膳食纤维；优选膳食纤维为大豆膳食纤维、聚葡萄糖、低聚木糖、低聚果糖、异麦芽低聚糖、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、海藻胶、木质素及菊粉中的一种或多种。
进一步地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.5份的功能性营养素，且功能性营养素为维生素A、维生素E、维生素D、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、烟酸、叶酸、肌醇、牛磺酸、左旋肉碱、红曲粉、植物甾醇、大豆磷脂、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺及β-葡聚糖中的一种或多种。
进一步地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.05～0.5份的矿物质。
进一步地，矿物质为葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸锌、甘氨酸锌、L-苏糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸镁、葡萄糖酸锰、亚硒酸钠、富硒酵母及硫酸铜中的一种或多种。
进一步地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.5～2份的果蔬粉。
进一步地，果蔬粉为香蕉粉、芒果粉、菠萝粉、菠萝蜜粉、榴莲粉、椰肉粉、椰枣粉、柠檬粉、荔枝粉、龙眼粉、苹果粉、枣粉、梨粉、杏粉、山楂粉、柿粉、橙粉、柑橘粉、柚子粉、桃粉、草莓粉、树莓粉、桑葚粉、石榴粉、樱桃粉、无花果粉、黑加仑粉、哈密瓜粉、西瓜粉、木瓜粉、番茄粉、胡萝卜粉、葡萄粉、南瓜粉、猕猴桃粉、枸杞粉、沙棘粉、蔓越莓粉、蓝莓果粉、阿萨伊果粉、李果粉、梅果粉、沙果粉、海棠果粉、诺丽果粉及猴面包果粉中的一种或多种。
本发明提供了一种适合肝病患者食用的食品，其包括茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素。茯苓粉中的茯苓多糖对肝损伤、肝癌、脂肪肝均有一定的保护和抵抗作用。姜黄素对肝损伤、肝纤维化、脂肪肝的预防及修护有明显作用。再辅助添加玉米肽和枳椇子，使得本发明提供的食品对于肝脏具有良好的保健作用，非常适合肝病患者日常食用。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本申请作进一步详细描述，这些实施例不能理解为限制本申请所要求保护的范围。
正如背景技术部分描述的，现有技术中适合肝病患者食用的食品功效有限。
为了解决这一问题，本发明提供了一种适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，适合肝病患者食用的食品包括茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素。
茯苓粉中的茯苓多糖对肝损伤、肝癌、脂肪肝均有一定的保护和抵抗作用。姜黄素对肝损伤、肝纤维化、脂肪肝的预防及修护有明显作用。再辅助添加玉米肽和枳椇子，使得本发明提供的食品对于肝脏具有良好的保健作用，非常适合肝病患者日常食用。
为了进一步平衡各组分的功效，发挥各组分之间的保肝护肝协同作用，在一种优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品包括0.5～8份的茯苓粉、0.1～3份的玉米肽、0.05～2.8份的枳椇子和0.01～0.1份的姜黄素；优选地，适合肝病患者食用的食品包括1～5份的茯苓粉、0.5～1.5份的玉米肽、0.1～0.8份的枳椇子和0.01～0.5份的姜黄素。
在一种优选的实施方式中，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括支链氨基酸。支链氨基酸在治疗肝昏迷方面，比传统的抗肝昏迷药疗效好，能改善肝脏的营养和提供能源，帮助恢复衰竭肝脏的代谢功能，利于肝细胞的修复和再生。优选支链氨基酸为L-亮氨酸；优选地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.2～1.8份的支链氨基酸，更优选包括0.5～1份的支链氨基酸。
为了进一步提高上述食品的保肝护肝功效，针对多种肝病种类提供更全面的防护作用，在一种优选的实施方式中，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括枸杞果粉、水飞蓟籽、松茸及蚌肉多糖中的一种或多种。枸杞粉中的枸杞多糖对肝损伤、肝癌、脂肪肝也有一定的保护和抵抗作用。水飞蓟籽、松茸及蚌肉多糖也具有良好的保肝护肝功效。优选地，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～3份的枸杞果粉、0.2～2.7份的水飞蓟籽、0.1～3份的松茸及0.05～1.8份的蚌肉多糖。
在一种优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.8份的膳食纤维。加入膳食纤维，还有利于改善人体代谢能力，对肝病患者的保肝护肝也具有辅助作用。优选膳食纤维为大豆膳食纤维、聚葡萄糖、低聚木糖、低聚果糖、异麦芽低聚糖、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、海藻胶、木质素及菊粉中的一种或多种。
在一种优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.5份的功能性营养素，且功能性营养素为维生素A、维生素E、维生素D、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、烟酸、叶酸、肌醇、牛磺酸、左旋肉碱、红曲粉、植物甾醇、大豆磷脂、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺及β-葡聚糖中的一种或多种。加入上述功能性营养素，有利于进一步提高上述营养食品的营养全面性，为人体补充必要的营养物质。
在一种优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.05～0.5份的矿物质。矿物质和维生素一样，是人体必须的元素，矿物质是无法自身产生、合成，因此在上述营养食品中添加上述矿物质能够为机体补充适当的矿物质，进一步保证营养元素的摄入。优选地，矿物质为葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸锌、甘氨酸锌、L-苏糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸镁、葡萄糖酸锰、亚硒酸钠、富硒酵母及硫酸铜中的一种或多种。
在一种优选的实施方式中，按重量份计，适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.5～2份的果蔬粉。优选果蔬粉为香蕉粉、芒果粉、菠萝粉、菠萝蜜粉、榴莲粉、椰肉粉、椰枣粉、柠檬粉、荔枝粉、龙眼粉、苹果粉、枣粉、梨粉、杏粉、山楂粉、柿粉、橙粉、柑橘粉、柚子粉、桃粉、草莓粉、树莓粉、桑葚粉、石榴粉、樱桃粉、无花果粉、黑加仑粉、哈密瓜粉、西瓜粉、木瓜粉、番茄粉、胡萝卜粉、葡萄粉、南瓜粉、猕猴桃粉、枸杞粉、沙棘粉、蔓越莓粉、蓝莓果粉、阿萨伊果粉、李果粉、梅果粉、沙果粉、海棠果粉、诺丽果粉及猴面包果粉中的一种或多种。果蔬粉富含各种抗氧化性营养素、维生素、膳食纤维、碳水化合物和天然风味物质等，加入上述果蔬粉，有利于进一步提高上述营养食品的风味和营养。
可选地，上述营养食品中还包括20～200份的谷物粉。需说明的是，上述“谷物粉”指的是全谷物粉或不含麸皮和胚芽部分的精白谷物粉。谷物粉中含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、无机盐及少量的脂肪和B族维生素，应用于本发明可以供应人体必要的能量、蛋白质和少量的矿物质、维生素等营养成分。在一种优选的实施方式中，谷物粉为稻米粉、粟米粉、黍米粉、高粱米粉、玉米粉、小麦粉、大麦粉、燕麦粉及青稞粉中的一种或多种。优选为稻米粉和/或粟米粉。稻米粉可以为大米粉、籼米粉、粳米粉、紫米粉、黑米粉、糯米粉等，粟米粉即为小米粉。
上述营养食品的具体制备过程简单，只需将各成分混合即可，只需分别将对应的原料冻干或烘干、研磨即可，可以是粉状外观，还可以通过挤压塑形、3D打印等方式呈现各种造型，比如：类大米型等。当上述营养食品是粉状时，特别是谷物粉、果蔬粉的含量为零或较少时，还特别适合做为其他食品(功能性主食、功能性饮料)的核心原料，销售给相关食品企业使用，继续添加更多谷物粉、果蔬粉或其他成分，制造新配方、新形态的功能性食品或饮料。
具体制备方法可以如下：
粉状食品：原料过筛制粒：将经过超微粉碎后的所有原料分别过60～12500目筛制粒，然后搅拌混合，得到超微制粒化的营养食品；
3D造形食品：将上述混合均匀的粉状食品为原料，向其中添加谷物粉，也可添加适当种类的食品添加剂，喂入具有类3D打印原理的挤压成形机，在相应温度及压力参数下，打印成形后，旋切成米粒状；然后干燥，得到3D造形的营养食品。
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果：
各实施例中提供了成分不同、配比不同的用于防护肺损伤的营养食品，除了均含有重量百分含量为90％的小米粉以外，其余各成分和其用量(按重量份计)见表1和2：表1
表2
对比例1
配方同实施例12，不同之处在于，未添加茯苓粉。
对比例2
配方同实施例12，不同之处在于，未添加玉米肽。
对比例3
配方同实施例12，不同之处在于，未添加枳椇子。
对比例4
配方同实施例12，不同之处在于，未添加姜黄素。
表征方法：
试验动物：SPF级急性肝损伤雌性ICR小鼠，体重为19-21g，每组20只，共18组，外加一组20只健康小鼠。
试验环境条件：SPF屏障系统。
剂量选择及样品处理：选用实施例1至12、对比例1至4食品，采用浓度0.9％生理盐水配置溶液(浓度为1g/ml)，将每组溶液分别对不同组极性肝损伤小鼠进行每天三次灌胃，每次灌胃体积为3mL，连续30天。正常组为健康小鼠予以等体积的生理盐水，模型组为对急性肝损伤小鼠正常喂食(无肝损伤治疗药物)，阳性药物组在正常喂食的基础上灌入急性肝损伤的阳性药物。
试验方法：通过对小鼠形态、肝重指数、血清中ALT和AST活性、肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD活性及MDA含量的测定实验进行功能评定，具体试验结果数据如下表3、表4和表5所示。
表3小鼠急性肝损伤肝重指数
表4小鼠急性肝损伤血清ALT、AST活性
由以上数据可知，本发明提供的营养食品对于急性肝损伤具有良好的保健作用。相比于对比例中为同时添加茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素的食品而言，有实施例1至12中的数据可知，同时添加茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素得到的营养食品具有更明显的肝损伤修复功能。在此基础上，进一步加入支链氨基酸(实施例6至9)、枸杞果粉、水飞蓟籽、松茸及蚌肉多糖(实施例10至12)，能够进一步改善食品的肝损伤修复效果，肝重指数、急性肝损伤血清ALT、AST活性均更接近使用阳性药物治疗后的数值及健康机体的数值。由此可见，本发明提供的食品对于肝脏具有良好的保健作用，非常适合肝病患者日常食用。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品包括茯苓粉、玉米肽、枳椇子和姜黄素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品包括0.5～8份的所述茯苓粉、0.1～3份的所述玉米肽、0.05～2.8份的所述枳椇子和0.01～0.1份的所述姜黄素；优选地，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品包括1～5份的所述茯苓粉、0.5～1.5份的所述玉米肽、0.1～0.8份的所述枳椇子和0.01～0.5份的所述姜黄素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括支链氨基酸，优选所述支链氨基酸为L-亮氨酸；优选地，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.2～1.8份的所述支链氨基酸，更优选包括0.5～1份的所述支链氨基酸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括枸杞果粉、水飞蓟籽、松茸及蚌肉多糖中的一种或多种；优选地，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～3份的所述枸杞果粉、0.2～2.7份的所述水飞蓟籽、0.1～3份的所述松茸及0.05～1.8份的所述蚌肉多糖。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.8份的膳食纤维；优选所述膳食纤维为大豆膳食纤维、聚葡萄糖、低聚木糖、低聚果糖、异麦芽低聚糖、纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、海藻胶、木质素及菊粉中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.1～0.5份的功能性营养素，且所述功能性营养素为维生素A、维生素E、维生素D、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、泛酸、烟酸、叶酸、肌醇、牛磺酸、左旋肉碱、红曲粉、植物甾醇、大豆磷脂、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺及β-葡聚糖中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.05～0.5份的矿物质。
8.根据权利要求7所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，所述矿物质为葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸锌、甘氨酸锌、L-苏糖酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸镁、葡萄糖酸锰、亚硒酸钠、富硒酵母及硫酸铜中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，按重量份计，所述适合肝病患者食用的食品还包括0.5～2份的果蔬粉。
10.根据权利要求7所述的适合肝病患者食用的食品，其特征在于，所述果蔬粉为香蕉粉、芒果粉、菠萝粉、菠萝蜜粉、榴莲粉、椰肉粉、椰枣粉、柠檬粉、荔枝粉、龙眼粉、苹果粉、枣粉、梨粉、杏粉、山楂粉、柿粉、橙粉、柑橘粉、柚子粉、桃粉、草莓粉、树莓粉、桑葚粉、石榴粉、樱桃粉、无花果粉、黑加仑粉、哈密瓜粉、西瓜粉、木瓜粉、番茄粉、胡萝卜粉、葡萄粉、南瓜粉、猕猴桃粉、枸杞粉、沙棘粉、蔓越莓粉、蓝莓果粉、阿萨伊果粉、李果粉、梅果粉、沙果粉、海棠果粉、诺丽果粉及猴面包果粉中的一种或多种。
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