CN109601281A - A kind of seedling fostering method enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance - Google Patents
A kind of seedling fostering method enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of seedling fostering methods for enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance.Using safflower passionflower as stock, using passion fruit branch as scion, engrafting and cultivating is carried out using cleft graft, grafting survival obtains the passion fruit seedling of anti-base rot disease.Specifically include the selection and pretreatment, the pretreatment of scion, grafting, managing after grafting and transplanting and other steps of stock.The present invention incorporates the advantages of safflower passionflower anti-base rot disease and the excellent advantage of passion fruit fruit taste in one, overcome the not strong weakness of the susceptible base rot disease of original passion fruit seedling, resistance, reduce the disease in passion fruit planting process, the requirement of seedling will be planted again by avoiding 1-3;Service life and the fruit harvesting time limit for extending passion fruit plant, reduce cultivation and the planting cost of seedling, are of great significance to the large-scale planting for pushing passion fruit, and the high quality seedling of Passiflora other plant, which is cultivated, has important enlightenment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to passion fruit seedling fostering technical field, it is specifically related to a kind of to significantly increase passion fruit plant pair
The seedling fostering method of base rot disease resistance.
Background technique
Passion fruit is the another address for the Characteristics of Passionfruit Cultivars that edibility is stronger, taste is relatively good, mainly includes purple fruit hundred
Between fragrant fruit (Passiflora edulis) and yellow fruit passion fruit (P.edulis var.flavicarpa) and two kinds
The series of products that phase mutual cross obtains is the perennial herbaceous stem of Perenniporia martius to half woody climber climber, long up to 10
Meter or more, Brazil of Australia and South America is originated in, subtropical and tropical zones, the main growing area in China are now distributed widely in
Domain is distributed in the provinces and regions such as Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Sichuan.Passion flower fruit can make fruit fresh food, nutrition
Value is high, can also process berry, fruit juice, beverage and oral solution etc., in good taste, sweet taste is moderate, and aromatic flavour has " fruit juice
King " laudatory title.Rich in the multivitamins such as VC, mineral matter element, essential amino acid and with the life of medical value
Alkaloids and Flavonoid substances.It is treated with promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, eliminating the plurality kinds of health care such as fatigue, skin maintenance and cosmetic benefits, antibacterial anticancer, norcholesterol
Effect.Its seed oil content is up to 25%, and grease can match in excellence or beauty with sunflower oil, suitable for making edible oil.Feed and extraction can be processed in pericarp
Pectin, root, stem, Ye Junke are used as medicine, and have the curative effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, promoting blood circulation, enriching yin and nourishing kidney, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing.Currently, west kind
Supply falls short of demand in world markets for lotus fruit, can export goods and earn foreign currency, and has important economic value.In addition, the flower-shape of passionflower is odd
Spy, it is bright in luster, it is the desirable plants that tracery wall, flower hedge are arranged in flower garden.
The general stem of passion fruit has stria, and hairless, leaf papery is 6-13 centimetres long, and 8-13 centimetres wide, 3 drastic crack of palmate is closely split
Piece, which lacks curved base portion, 1-2 cup-shaped glandula, hairless, has tendril and spends to life.Spend fragrance, about 4 centimetres of diameter;Sepal 5
Piece;It is 5 pieces of petal, isometric with sepal;Outer paracorolla sliver 4-5 wheel, outer 2 wheel sliver is Filamentous, about closely isometric with petal, berry ossphere
Shape, it is 3-4 centimetres of diameter, hairless.The month at florescence 3-9, the fruiting period 6-12 month.
Artificial growth mainly has the kinds such as babysbreath, purple perfume, platform agriculture, golden fruit at present.But these passion fruit kinds are susceptible to suffer from
Base rot disease makes grower by weight huge economic loss, is the important disease mainly occurred in various countries' planting process.This disease
Symptom is: basal part of stem cortex of causing harm, and makes the dimmed color of cortex, rots and be detached from xylem.Base portion plant when only partial thickness is infected
Strain can still be grown, and whole cortexes then form the circle that rots after being infected, keep plant gradually withered.Base portion rot to be concentrated mainly on from
The basal part of stem that 5 centimetres of ground to underground can develop to 10-20 centimetres from the ground of stem's cortex upwards, can develop to root downwards
System, but when plant is just withered, root system is not infected, or only few part is infected.When wet weather, diseased tissues surface
Visible white mycelium and the salmon pink shell of ascus.The disease occurs mainly in the rainy season of the 5-8 month.Base rot disease usually occurred in 1 year
On plant more than life, the orchard generally fallen ill, plant is all no more than the service life of 2-3.Its pathogen is had different versions, and is generally recognized
For be invaded together as various regions various pathogenic bacteria or several germs caused by, in most cases, pathogen be eggplant sickle-like bacteria
(Fusarium solani), germ are survived in Field diseased plant, invalid object or soil and overwintering with mycelium, be disease just
Source is infected, germ can propagate by wind and rain and irrigation water.
As the seedling of purple fruit passion fruit and yellow fruit passion fruit common on domestic market, in field planting situation
Under, due to the generation of base rot disease, every 1 year or 2 years must more new plantation, tieed up by planting the new seedling of a batch again
Even if shield routinely as a result, after still planting new seedling again, the performance of seedling is also easier illness than before.Although in reality
In cultivation, discovery yellow fruit passion fruit seedling is more slightly more strong than the anti-base rot disease ability of purple fruit passion fruit seedling, but is also not
It is immune, only time of disease time backward delay half a year to 1 year or so.
The prior art is concentrated mainly on two aspects, such as publication number for the prevention and treatment of passion fruit plant base rot disease
A kind of CN108012778A, the patent of entitled ' passion fruit base rot disease control method ', only makes from cultivation management and medicament
Base rot disease prevention and treatment is carried out with aspect.Publication number CN107535247A, a kind of entitled ' limit root for preventing and treating passion fruit base rot disease
Cultural method ' patent, prevent the generation of base rot disease by the improvement to a kind of 2 years cultivation modes.And these methods with
Technical thought of the invention is entirely different.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the weakness not strong for the susceptible base rot disease of existing passion fruit kind, resistance, provide one
The method that kind cultivates anti-base rot disease high quality seedling extends the service life of passion fruit plant, increases the Harvesting Years of fruit, reduces and plants
Training management cost improves the macroeconomy value of passion fruit plantation.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
Unless otherwise indicated, percentage of the present invention is mass percent.
Present invention is primarily based on following discoveries: safflower passionflower (Passiflora coccinea) also known as fuchsin passionflower,
Be also Passifloraceae Passiflora perennial evergreen liana, originate in Venezuela, Guyana, Peru, Bolivia and bar
West.Property it is pyrophilous how wet, be perennial herbaceous stem or half woody climber, stem is round.Corolla is red, and fruit is subsphaeroidal, 3-4 cm diameter
Size, fruit outside has striped as watermelon crust, an approximate miniature mini watermelon, but it is seldom at home as a result, normal work
For ornamental plant cultivation.There are more than 50 strain safflower west kind for outdoor kind in Xishuangbanna Tropical Plant Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences garden with hundreds of flowers
Lotus, till now from plantation in 2007, the time more than 10 years do not find this kind of death, and grow still very vigorous.Meanwhile
Comparative study finds that this kind, with stronger resistance, even it may be said that with immunity, will not infect brown foot rot to base rot disease
Disease.Therefore, the high-quality passion fruit seedling that safflower passionflower is used to cultivate anti-base rot disease can be attempted.
A kind of seedling fostering method enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance, it is characterised in that: with safflower west kind
Lotus is stock, using passion fruit branch as scion, carries out engrafting and cultivating using cleft graft, grafting survival obtains the hundred of anti-base rot disease
Fragrant fruit seedling.
The seedling fostering method of the enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock: selection no disease and pests harm, robust growth, branch thick diameter >=0.2cm safflower
Stock of the passionflower as grafting, trims stock, and the stock height after keeping trimming removes pre- grafting in 20cm or more
Point is with whole branches and leaves of upper bit;
(2) pretreatment of scion: selection robust growth, no disease and pests harm, virus-free infection, diameter 0.2~0.5cm rugosity
Passion fruit annotinous branch, branch thick≤stock rugosity are cut from rattan with secateurs, and then cutting back is at 8~15cm's long
Scion;A section is possessed in each scion at least upper end, to go out sprouting from section director;Retain the leaf of scion upper end half size
Son;
(3) it grafts: stock being rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 2~4cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, is split
The equivalent length that depth is scion wedge shape length is opened, scion is then rapidly inserted into, at least makes rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge
Be wherein aligned on one side, and the top at the wedge-shaped position of scion will be also aligned with stock top clip;With film by stock
Split the inflow that mouth ties up consolidation from bottom to top, avoids moisture;
(4) managing after grafting: watering in due course after grafting, the bud that stock of erasing in time is sprouted, so as to nutrition concentrated supply
In scion, and pay attention to taking precautions against the harm of the pests such as snail;
(5) after the scion of grafting grows at least 10cm length again, then it is transplanted to big field, avoids planting area
Ponding;
(6) with seedling early growth, stalk also thickening therewith releases thin at binding grafting when seedling starts fast-growth
Film fastens stalk to avoid film, influences the growth of its thickening.
In step (2), the scion cut is placed in moisturizing in the hermetic bag of humidity >=80%.
In step (3), scion lower end is two-sided when being cut, and only eliminates one layer of stem skin.
In step (3), layer of plastic film is also wrapped up in scion upper end, or after grafting, covers one thoroughly to scion
Bright polybag carries out moisturizing, to improve graft survival rate.
In step (3), the plant grafted is placed in the planting environment that humidity is 75%~85%, while avoiding full light
It directly penetrates, to prevent scion from wilting, influences grafting survival.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
1, seedling fostering method of the invention incorporates the advantages of safflower passionflower anti-base rot disease and passion fruit fruit taste
The excellent advantage in road overcomes the not strong weakness of the susceptible base rot disease of original passion fruit seedling, resistance in one, reduces hundred perfume
Disease in fruit planting process, the requirement of seedling will be planted again by avoiding 1-3;Extend passion fruit plant service life and
The fruit harvesting time limit reduces cultivation and the planting cost of seedling, is of great significance to the large-scale planting for pushing passion fruit,
The high quality seedling of Passiflora other plant, which is cultivated, has important enlightenment.
2, compared with CN108012778A patent, the use of the pesticides such as sterilization, the medicament that kills the virus is avoided, avoids and sprays
Pesticide also avoids these injuries of pesticide reagent to advantageous microorganism, improves to the potential hazard of staff in the process
To the friendliness of eco-environmental management, the use of pesticide during Cultivate administration is avoided, further saves and sprays medicament
Cost and labor management cost.It is compared with CN107535247A patent, simplifies plantation program, avoiding needed every 2 years
To plant the way of seedling, save the cost again again.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by the following examples, but embodiment is not to the technology of the present invention side
The restriction of case, it is all based on present invention teach that made variation or equivalent replacement is within the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
A kind of breeding method of anti-base rot disease passion fruit seedling, is cultivated using grafting.Do not make in embodiment specific
The step of illustrating is the prior art, is not described in detail herein.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock: for grafting time on April 20th, 2015, basal part of stem stem thickness was 0.3cm's or more
Safflower passionflower is stock, trims to stock, wipes out whole branches and leaves of 0.30m height or more.
(2) pretreatment of scion: the scion of selection is the shoot with terminal bud.Select robust growth and without disease pest
Harmful purple fruit passion fruit plant, rugosity are diameter 0.3cm, and the top branch of area without shade growth is as scion, with sharp and clean
Secateurs trimmed from rattan, wipe out bud thereon, then the scion that cutting back is long at 10cm or so, every scion upper end ensures have
There is terminal bud, the blade big to terminal bud position is extractd.Scion is placed in the valve bag squirted in advance again, scion is carried out
Moisturizing.
(3) it grafts: stock being rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 3cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 3cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge, using being cut into 2cm
Stock is tied up consolidation from mouthful lower part is split, so as to waterproof, moisturizing by wide mulch from bottom to top.Stock and scion binding site
Wrap up it is solid, tight, prevent water from entering.The top wrapping thin film of scion is closed, the plant that will be grafted
It is placed in the planting environment that humidity is 75%~85% and carries out moisturizing, easily break through film to survive rear new rudiment.Grafting operation
After, grafting is placed under sunshade net and is managed.
(4) grafting final-period management: after grafting, the same day waters to grafting plant, after grafting 7 days, observes
There is the tender shoots to sprout in stock mobile jib, stock rudiment of erasing, so that nutrition concentrated supply is in scion.After grafting 15 days, observe
Scion germinates new leaves bud, and one film packet of expansion, gently choosing makes its rupture, carrys out leaf bud spread apart, grows in order to which it is normal,
Stock rudiment of erasing also is carried out simultaneously.
(5) it manages after grafting seedling: suitably watering in due course to grafting plant, after grafting confirmation survives, also to continue
The rudiment constantly sent out stock is erased in time.After grafting 60 days, the film wrapped up on scion and stock is thoroughly released.
(6) it after the scion of grafting grows at least 10cm length again, then carries out being transplanted to big field, avoids planting
Region ponding.
Embodiment two
A kind of breeding method of anti-base rot disease passion fruit seedling, is cultivated using grafting.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock: for grafting time on July 2nd, 2015, basal part of stem stem thickness was 0.3cm's or more
Safflower passionflower is stock, trims to stock, wipes out whole branches and leaves of 0.20m or more.
(2) pretreatment of scion: selection robust growth and no disease and pests harm, rugosity are the yellow fruit passion fruit branch of 0.3cm diameter
Item is trimmed from rattan as scion with sharp and clean secateurs, and removal top 10cm or so length shoot retains
Remaining branch is utilized, and wipes out tendril, withe and bud thereon, then cutting back into the scion of 15cm long, every scion upper end
Ensure that at least there is a section, the leaf at section retains a quarter size, wipes out remaining 3/4ths area of blade.It will connect again
Fringe is placed in the valve bag squirted in advance, carries out moisturizing to scion.
(3) it grafts: stock being rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 4cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 4cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge, using being cut into 2cm
Stock is tied up consolidation from mouthful lower part is split, so as to waterproof, moisturizing by wide mulch from bottom to top.Stock and scion binding site
It wraps up solid, tight.Seedling is placed under sunshade net after grafting and is managed, since the time of this grafting is rain
In season, ambient humidity is larger, does not carry out wrap film moisturizing to the blade of scion again.
(4) grafting final-period management: after grafting, the same day waters to grafting plant, after grafting 10 days, observes
There is the tender shoots that sprouts in stock mobile jib, stock rudiment of erasing, so that nutrition concentrated supply is in scion.After grafting 20 days, observes and connect
Fringe starts the bud that germinates new leaves successively, while the rudiment for stock of also continuously being erased.The scion used due to this for
There is no the branch of terminal bud, found according to actual observation, the time which grows new leaf bud is at least more late by one than there is the scion of terminal bud
The time in week
(5) it manages after grafting seedling: suitably watering in due course to grafting plant after grafting, after grafting confirmation survives, also
The rudiment continuously to be sent out stock is erased in time.After grafting 60 days, wrapped up in thorough releasing scion and stock thin
Film.
(6) it after the scion of grafting grows at least 10cm length again, then carries out being transplanted to big field, avoids planting
Region ponding.
This experiment has carried out 60 groups of grafting altogether, and on September 25th, 2015 carries out survival rate statistics, finds the 60 of grafting
Group all survives.In April, 2016, the fruit maturation of grafting knot detect by tasting comparison and pol, do not find fruit taste
Change, still possess original passion fruit kind savoriness taste and original pol value.
Embodiment three
A kind of breeding method of anti-base rot disease passion fruit seedling, is cultivated using grafting.
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock: for grafting time on June 2nd, 2016, basal part of stem stem thickness was 0.3cm's or more
Safflower passionflower is stock, trims to stock, wipes out whole branches and leaves of 0.35cm height or more.
(2) pretreatment of scion: selecting robust growth and the purple fruit passion fruit plant of no disease and pests harm, rugosity is diameter
For the branch of 0.3cm as scion, each scion is cut into 15cm long, and every scion upper end ensures there is a section, and leaf retains at section
A quarter size, then scion is placed in the valve bag squirted in advance, moisturizing is carried out to scion.
(3) it grafts: stock being rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 3cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is 3.5cm, is then rapidly inserted into scion, makes wherein being aligned on one side for rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge, wedge-shaped top and
The alignment of stock top clip, using the mulch for being cut into 1.5cm wide, ties up consolidation for stock from mouthful lower part is split from bottom to top, with
Just waterproof, moisturizing.Stock will also be wrapped up solid, tight with scion binding site.It is 80% left that the seedling grafted, which is placed in humidity,
In right planting environment, scion is kept not wilt, in order to avoid influence surviving for scion.
(4) grafting final-period management: after grafting, the same day waters to grafting plant, after grafting 10 days, observes
There is the tender shoots that sprouts in stock mobile jib, stock rudiment of erasing, so that nutrition concentrated supply is in scion.After grafting 20 days, observes and connect
Fringe germinates new leaves bud, can gradually reduce the humidity of planting environment at this time, while also carrying out stock rudiment of erasing.
(5) it manages after grafting seedling: suitably watering in due course to grafting plant after grafting, after grafting confirmation survives, also
The rudiment continuously to be sent out stock is erased in time.After grafting 60 days, then thoroughly release the film of wrapping.
(6) it after the scion of grafting grows at least 10cm length again, then carries out being transplanted to big field, avoids planting
Region ponding.
This experiment has carried out 100 groups of grafting altogether, and on August 24th, 2016 carries out survival rate statistics, finds grafting
100 groups all survive.Check the healing of scion and stock in October, 2016, discovery interface healing is secured, beautiful, does not go out
Existing cracking phenomena, stable structure.In April, 2017, the fruit maturation of grafting knot are detected by tasting comparison and pol, are not sent out
Existing fruit changing odor, still possess original passion fruit kind savoriness taste and original pol value.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of seedling fostering method for enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance, it is characterised in that: with safflower passionflower
Engrafting and cultivating is carried out using cleft graft, grafting survival obtains hundred perfume of anti-base rot disease using passion fruit branch as scion for stock
Fruit seedling.
2. the seedling fostering method of enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance according to claim 1, specifically includes
Following steps:
(1) selection and pretreatment of stock: selection no disease and pests harm, robust growth, branch thick diameter >=0.2cm safflower west kind
Stock of the lotus as grafting, trims stock, the stock height after keeping trimming in 20cm or more, remove pre- grafting point with
Whole branches and leaves of upper bit;
(2) hundred perfume of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, virus-free infection, diameter 0.2~0.5cm rugosity the pretreatment of scion: are selected
Fruit annotinous branch, branch thick≤stock rugosity are cut from rattan with secateurs, then cutting back at 8~15cm long scion;
A section is possessed in each scion at least upper end, to go out sprouting from section director;Retain the leaf of scion upper end half size;
(3) it grafts: stock being rived by the two-sided positive wedge shape for being whittled into 2~4cm long in the lower end of scion, then with grafting knife, depth of riving
Degree is the equivalent length of scion wedge shape length, is then rapidly inserted into scion, at least makes its of rootstock opening-cleaving and scion wedge-shaped edge
It is middle to be aligned on one side, and the top at the wedge-shaped position of scion will be also aligned with stock top clip;Stock is split into mouth with film
The inflow tied up consolidation from bottom to top, avoid moisture;
(4) managing after grafting: watering in due course after grafting, the bud that stock of erasing in time is sprouted, so that nutrition concentrated supply is in connecing
Fringe, and pay attention to taking precautions against the harm of the pests such as snail;
(5) after the scion of grafting grows at least 10cm length again, then it is transplanted to big field, avoids planting area product
Water;
(6) with seedling early growth, stalk also thickening therewith releases the film at binding grafting when seedling starts fast-growth,
It fastens stalk to avoid film, influences the growth of its thickening.
3. the seedling fostering method of enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance according to claim 2, feature exist
In: in step (2), the scion cut is placed in moisturizing in the hermetic bag of humidity >=80%.
4. the seedling fostering method of enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance according to claim 2, feature exist
In: in step (3), scion lower end is two-sided when being cut, and only eliminates one layer of stem skin.
5. the seedling fostering method of enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance according to claim 2, feature exist
In: in step (3), layer of plastic film is also wrapped up in scion upper end, or after grafting, covers a transparent modeling to scion
Material bag carries out moisturizing, to improve graft survival rate.
6. the seedling fostering method of enhancing passion fruit plant pair base rot disease resistance according to claim 2, feature exist
In: in step (3), the plant grafted is placed in the planting environment that humidity is 75%~85%, while avoiding full exposure straight
It penetrates, to prevent scion from wilting, influences grafting survival.
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CN113039949A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-06-29 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for producing Columbia passion fruit in high-temperature area |
CN113039949B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-06-10 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for producing Columbia passion fruit in high-temperature area |
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